{ "id": 3633794, "name": "In re M.B.C. et al., Minors (Marietta Faye Kellum et al., Petitioners-Appellees, v. Ernest Cornes, Respondent-Appellant)", "name_abbreviation": "Kellum v. Cornes", "decision_date": "1984-06-08", "docket_number": "No. 5\u201483\u20140782", "first_page": "512", "last_page": "516", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "125 Ill. App. 3d 512" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "345 N.E.2d 714", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "37 Ill. App. 3d 163", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2717493 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/37/0163-01" ] }, { "cite": "119 N.E.2d 760", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "3 Ill. 2d 36", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2695392 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/3/0036-01" ] }, { "cite": "81 N.E. 23", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "227 Ill. 14", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5625957 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/227/0014-01" ] }, { "cite": "445 N.E.2d 909", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "112 Ill. App. 3d 512", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5435754 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/112/0512-01" ] }, { "cite": "203 N.E.2d 160", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "54 Ill. App. 2d 51", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5282301 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/54/0051-01" ] }, { "cite": "412 N.E.2d 1154", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "90 Ill. App. 3d 275", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3162002 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/90/0275-01" ] }, { "cite": "423 N.E.2d 915", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "917" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "85 Ill. 2d 300", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5469559 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "305" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/85/0300-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 527, "char_count": 8645, "ocr_confidence": 0.749, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.833585842850049e-07, "percentile": 0.7210719621105323 }, "sha256": "cea124ba9c764bbf472423761d393de92db913253bae2bbf164001efbcc55db3", "simhash": "1:065f6fc0b349296f", "word_count": 1376 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:49:19.537276+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "In re M.B.C. et al., Minors (Marietta Faye Kellum et al., Petitioners-Appel-lees, v. Ernest Cornes, Respondent-Appellant)." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE WELCH\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nRespondent Ernest Cornes appeals an order of the circuit court of Williamson County terminating his parental rights after a finding that he was an unfit father and a depraved person. Petitioners Donnell Kellum and Marietta Faye Kellum filed this action on May 27, 1983, seeking to adopt M.B.C., then seven, and M.J.C., then five, her children from her earlier marriage to respondent. A subsequent \u201cBill of Particulars\u201d alleged that respondent had committed \u201copen and notorious adultery and fornication\u201d by committing rape in October 1977. A number of allegations of depravity were also stated, including the 1977 rape and acts of deviate sexual assault on the same date and a 1951 theft and 1953 rape and robbery.\nRespondent argues on appeal that: (1) the provision of the Adoption Act allowing for termination of parental rights based on depravity is constitutionally impermissible; (2) evidence of criminal convictions more than 30 years prior to this action was irrelevant to the issue of parental fitness; (3) the court erred by allowing petitioners to adduce evidence not specified in the bill of particulars; (4) portions of respondent\u2019s letters to Marietta Kellum were improperly admitted; (5) a minister was improperly not allowed to testify as to respondent\u2019s fitness as a parent; and (6) petitioners failed to prove unfitness by clear and convincing evidence.\nRespondent\u2019s first assertion on appeal is that termination of parental rights on the basis of depravity (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 40, par. 1501(D)(i)) is constitutionally impermissible as overly vague. Depravity has been defined by Illinois courts as \u201can inherent deficiency of moral sense and rectitude.\u201d (In re Abdullah (1981), 85 Ill. 2d 300, 305, 423 N.E.2d 915, 917.) Depravity may be shown by a series of acts or a course of conduct which indicates a deficiency in a moral sense and shows either an inability or an unwillingness to conform to accepted morality. (Bryant v. Lenza (1980), 90 Ill. App. 3d 275, 412 N.E.2d 1154.) Respondent argues that the statutory prohibition against depravity by parents did not adequately inform him of the conduct he was expected to follow. We reject this reasoning. Here, the father\u2019s two rape convictions, as well as the other evidence adduced at trial, show a serious moral deficiency. We do not accept respondent\u2019s argument that more statutory certainty is required, since such total specificity would severely limit a trial court\u2019s ability to focus on the unique circumstances of each case before it.\nNext, respondent asserts that evidence of criminal convictions in 1951 and 1953 was not relevant, and even if relevant was so remote as to be immaterial. We disagree. Acts constituting depravity must be of sufficient duration and repetition to establish moral deficiency and either an inability or unwillingness to conform to accepted morality. (Bryant v. Lenza (1980), 90 Ill. App. 3d 275, 412 N.E.2d 1154.) Here, the respondent was convicted of armed robbery and rape in the early 1950\u2019s, spent 20 years in prison and was then again arrested and convicted of rape, deviate sexual assault and intimidation. Although a single felony conviction has been held insufficient to establish the depravity of a parent (Bryant v. Lenza (1980), 90 Ill. App. 3d 275, 412 N.E.2d 1154), the facts of the instant case reveal a pattern of criminality. The respondent\u2019s conduct prior to his 20-year prison term is thus probative of whether or not he is depraved. Accordingly, we hold that the trial judge\u2019s evidentiary ruling was not an abuse of discretion.\nRespondent\u2019s third argument is that the trial court erred in allowing evidence not specified in petitioners\u2019 bill of particulars. Respondent had requested a bill of particulars specifying what conduct constituted \u201cdepravity\u201d and \u201copen and notorious adultery or fornication.\u201d Petitioners responded with a list of misconduct on the part of the respondent, which included the conduct leading to his five criminal convictions. Now, respondent argues petitioners should not have been allowed to introduce any evidence of his convictions since the bill of particulars concerned only his conduct. Petitioners rely on Smith v. Andrews (1964), 54 Ill. App. 2d 51, 203 N.E.2d 160, for the proposition that a defendant\u2019s conviction for rape is properly admissible as prima facie evidence that he committed rape. Here, we hold that testimony concerning the respondent\u2019s five criminal convictions was proper to establish the conduct delineated in petitioners\u2019 bill of particulars. The fact that respondent had been convicted of two rapes, robbery, deviate sexual assault and intimidation is probative of his conduct, as alleged in petitioners\u2019 pleadings. Respondent was fully advised by the detailed bill of particulars exactly what conduct and which incidents would be at issue in the parental termination proceedings.\nThe fourth argument raised on appeal is that the admission of portions of menacing letters from respondent was improper. Petitioner Marietta Faye Kellum identified the letters from respondent which were introduced as petitioners\u2019 exhibits one through seven. She testified that petitioners\u2019 exhibits Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were all complete letters from respondent. Therefore, respondent\u2019s objection as to the completeness of the seven letters only applied to exhibits Nos. 1 and 7. Also, respondent was provided a copy of the first exhibit with the bill of particulars and neither attempted to obtain the missing portion through discovery nor to explain any inaccuracy while on the witness stand. Even if the admission of the portions of these two letters was, in fact, error, the outcome of the proceeding was not unduly affected in light of five similar letters properly admitted and other evidence adduced, including respondent\u2019s conduct leading to five criminal convictions. Holsapple v. Country Mutual Insurance Co. (1983), 112 Ill. App. 3d 512, 445 N.E.2d 909.\nRespondent further contends that the trial court erred by not allowing a minister, Reverend Calvin Watson, to state his opinion concerning respondent\u2019s parental fitness. Reverend Watson testified that he had a degree in sociology and counseling, post-graduate training at Anna State Hospital and experience with family counseling as a minister. An expert witness is qualified if, because of his skill, training and experience he is better able to form an accurate opinion as to the issue in question than is the average person in the community. (City of Chicago v. McNally (1907), 227 Ill. 14, 81 N.E. 23.) The determination of whether a witness is qualified as an expert rests largely in the discretion of the trial court. (County of Cook v. Holland (1954), 3 Ill. 2d 36, 119 N.E.2d 760.) Here, the trial court could rightly hold that a minister, even one with counseling experience, was not in a better position to judge parental fitness than the average person in the community. Accordingly, the court\u2019s ruling did not amount to an abuse of discretion.\nFinally, respondent argues that he was not proven unfit by clear and convincing evidence. Evidence adduced at trial showed that the respondent had been convicted of two rapes, robbery, deviate sexual assault and intimidation. For the three 1977 convictions, he received a sentence of 60 years\u2019 imprisonment. Although respondent professed love for his children and stated, \u201cI have every intention of getting out and participating in the children\u2019s growth and development,\u201d he offered no significant evidence to show his rehabilitation. A trial court\u2019s determination of parental unfitness in an adoption proceeding should not be disturbed unless it is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence. (In re Adoption of Kleba (1976), 37 Ill. App. 3d 163, 345 N.E.2d 714.) In the case at bar, the series of felonies over a lengthy period of time establishes by clear and convincing evidence that respondent is unable to cope with society in a lawful manner. After a review of the entire record, we cannot say the trial court\u2019s finding of depravity is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.\nFor the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Williamson County is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nJONES and KASSERMAN, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE WELCH" } ], "attorneys": [ "Howard B. Eisenberg, of Legal Clinic of Southern Illinois University, of Carbondale, and Julianne Cordts, law student, for appellant.", "Charles R. Garnati, of Herrin, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "In re M.B.C. et al., Minors (Marietta Faye Kellum et al., Petitioners-Appel-lees, v. Ernest Cornes, Respondent-Appellant).\nFifth District\nNo. 5\u201483\u20140782\nOpinion filed June 8, 1984.\nHoward B. Eisenberg, of Legal Clinic of Southern Illinois University, of Carbondale, and Julianne Cordts, law student, for appellant.\nCharles R. Garnati, of Herrin, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0512-01", "first_page_order": 534, "last_page_order": 538 }