{
  "id": 3526450,
  "name": "LONNIE CLARK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL OF THE HOSPITAL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS et al., Defendants-Appellees",
  "name_abbreviation": "Clark v. St. John's Hospital",
  "decision_date": "1984-11-13",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:34:57.846352+00:00",
  "provenance": {
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    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "LONNIE CLARK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ST. JOHN\u2019S HOSPITAL OF THE HOSPITAL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS et al., Defendants-Appellees."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE MILLS\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nMedical malpractice.\nBut specifically: how to apply the statute of limitations.\nWe agree with the trial court\u2019s interpretation.\nWe affirm.\nLonnie Clark filed a two-count complaint against St. John\u2019s Hospital and Dr. Anthony Hawe, alleging that they negligently failed to remove a needle inserted into his body during aortic surgery on August 24, 1973.\nPlaintiff discovered the needle in his body in June 1983 and filed his complaint on August 19, 1983.\nDefendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint for the reason that it was filed more than four years after the alleged negligent act and, therefore, the action was barred under section 13 \u2014 212 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 110, par. 13 \u2014 212).\nThe trial court allowed the motions and dismissed the complaint with prejudice. -\nThe substance of section 13 \u2014 212 was originally enacted as section 21.1 of the Limitations Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 83, par. 22.1), which became effective on September 19, 1976. Section 13 \u2014 212 provides in part:\n\u201cNo action for damages for injury *** against any physician or hospital *** shall be brought more than 2 years after the date on which the claimant knew, or through the use of reasonable diligence should have known *** of the injury *** but in no event shall such action be brought more than 4 years after the date on which occurred the act or omission ***.\u201d Ill. Rev Stat. 1981, ch. 110, par. 13 \u2014 212.\nPlaintiff filed his complaint within two years after he discovered his injury. The complaint, however, was filed more than four years after the alleged negligent act. If section 13 \u2014 212 is applied retroactively to this case, the action would be barred because it was filed more than four years after the alleged negligent act. If the section is applied prospectively, plaintiff\u2019s complaint would have been timely under the prior statute of limitations, which allowed 10 years to commence an action. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 83, par. 22.1.\nThe question of the retroactive application of section 21.1 of the Limitations Act was addressed by the supreme court in Moore v. Jackson Park Hospital (1983), 95 Ill. 2d 223, 447 N.E.2d 408. The court applied the statute neither strictly retroactively nor strictly prospectively. Rather, a middle ground was adopted, with the court stating:\n\u201c \u2018[A]n amendment to a limitation statute shortening the period within which an action must be filed will be applied retroactively to actions not as yet commenced, provided there is a reasonable time after the effective date of the amendment within which to bring the action.\u2019 \u201d (95 Ill. 2d 223, 230, 447 N.E.2d 408, 410, quoting Hupp v. Gray (1978), 73 Ill. 2d 78, 83, 382 N.E.2d 1211, 1213.)\nWith respect to determining a reasonable time, the court said:\n\u201cThe period which is scrutinized by the courts for its reasonableness is that time between the statute\u2019s effective date and the date on which the preexisting cause of action would be barred under the new statute as applied.\u201d Moore v. Jackson Park Hospital (1983), 95 Ill. 2d 223, 233, 447 N.E.2d 408, 412.\nIn Moore, which consolidated three cases, the medical treatment on which the plaintiffs\u2019 claims were based occurred more than four years before the effective date of section 21.1. Consequently, the claims were barred upon the section\u2019s becoming effective. The court characterized the effect of this retroactive application of section 21.1 as \u201cinstantaneously\u201d barring plaintiffs\u2019 causes of action, giving plaintiffs no time whatsoever to file their claims after the effective date of section 21.1. Finding that the statute did not give the plaintiffs a reasonable time to file after the effective date, the supreme court remanded to the trial court to determine whether plaintiffs\u2019 complaints were filed within a reasonable time.\nThe result in Moore indicates that if the period between the effective date of the new statute and the date plaintiff\u2019s cause of action is barred under the new statute does not provide plaintiff with a reasonable time to file his complaint, then a determination must be made as to whether the plaintiff filed his complaint within a reasonable time.\nThe majority in Moore provided no guidelines by which a court could determine whether a complaint was filed within a reasonable time. But Justice Ryan argued in his special concurrence that persons sustaining injuries prior to the effective date of section 21.1 should be allowed four years after the effective date to file their complaint. It was observed that the legislature \u2014 in balancing the rights of plaintiffs and defendants \u2014 concluded that it was reasonable to require an injured person to discover and commence his action within four years after the occurrence. Reasoning that it would be consistent with this legislative intent to require someone injured prior to the effective date of section 21.1 to bring his action within four years of the effective date, Justice Ryan stated:\n\u201cA person who was negligently injured by a medical practitioner one day after the effective date of the 1976 amendment loses his right to file a suit for recovery of his injuries if his suit has not been filed within four years after the occurrence. It is reasonable to require that a person similarly injured one day before the effective date of the 1976 amendment discover his cause of action and file his suit within four years after the effective date of the amendment.\u201d Moore v. Jackson Park Hospital (1983), 95 Ill. 2d 223, 243-44, 447 N.E.2d 408, 417.\nTo our view, Justice Ryan\u2019s approach is reasonable, practical, uniform, and certain in application. It has been adopted by the Second District in Roberson v. Taylor (1983), 115 Ill. App. 3d 587, 451 N.E.2d 16, and we adopt it here.\nHaving sustained his injury prior to the effective date of section 21.1, plaintiff was required to commence his action by September 19, 1980, four years after the effective date of section 21.1. Plaintiff\u2019s complaint was not filed until August 19, 1983, and therefore it was untimely.\nWe are not unmindful that, under this analysis, plaintiff\u2019s cause of action was barred before he discovered his injury. But such a result is just as likely to occur to persons injured by negligent acts occurring after September 19, 1976. Consequently, persons sustaining injury prior to September 19, 1976, are treated no less favorably than persons injured after that date.\nOur decision today is consistent with the majority opinion in Moore. In that case, all of the plaintiffs had filed their complaints within four years after the effective date of section 21.1. Moreover, the majority did not resolve the issue of whether there should be a cutoff date after which the plaintiff\u2019s cause of action would be barred even though he had not discovered his injury until after that date. The majority stated:\n\u201cWe do not here hold that the 1976 amendment would not apply to any injury sustained after its effective date of September 19, 1976, no matter when it is discovered.\u201d (Emphasis added.) (Moore v. Jackson Park Hospital (1983), 95 Ill. 2d 223, 233, 447 N.E.2d 408, 412.)\nIn resolving this issue, we have concluded that, in cases where the negligent act occurred prior to the effective date of section 21.1, the complaint must be filed within four years of the effective date.\nThe judgment of the trial court is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nTRAPP and GREEN, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE MILLS"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Verticchio & Verticchio, of Gillespie, and Love, Collins & Bordner, of Lewistown, for appellant.",
      "Heyl, Royster, Voelker & Allen, of Springfield, for appellee Anthony Hawe.",
      "David L. Drake and Richard H. Narup, both of Heckenkamp & Simhauser, P.C., of Springfield, for appellee St. John\u2019s Hospital."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "LONNIE CLARK, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ST. JOHN\u2019S HOSPITAL OF THE HOSPITAL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST. FRANCIS et al., Defendants-Appellees.\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201484\u20140179\nOpinion filed November 13, 1984.\nRehearing denied December 28, 1984.\nVerticchio & Verticchio, of Gillespie, and Love, Collins & Bordner, of Lewistown, for appellant.\nHeyl, Royster, Voelker & Allen, of Springfield, for appellee Anthony Hawe.\nDavid L. Drake and Richard H. Narup, both of Heckenkamp & Simhauser, P.C., of Springfield, for appellee St. John\u2019s Hospital."
  },
  "file_name": "0989-01",
  "first_page_order": 1011,
  "last_page_order": 1015
}