{ "id": 3530104, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ROBERT MATHIS, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Mathis", "decision_date": "1985-05-24", "docket_number": "No. 83\u20141836", "first_page": "1027", "last_page": "1042", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "133 Ill. App. 3d 1027" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "195 N.E.2d 706", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "30 Ill. 2d 143", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2829084 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "146" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/30/0143-01" ] }, { "cite": "185 N.E.2d 170", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "25 Ill. 2d 327", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5350937 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "329-30" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/25/0327-01" ] }, { "cite": "370 N.E.2d 1063", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "69 Ill. 2d 200", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5455316 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "206-07" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/69/0200-01" ] }, { "cite": "243 N.E.2d 605", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "102 Ill. App. 2d 152", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2533138 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "157" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/102/0152-01" ] }, { "cite": "338 Ill. 373", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5238384 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/338/0373-01" ] }, { "cite": "91 N.E.2d 406", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "405 Ill. 454", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2627046 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "457" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/405/0454-01" ] }, { "cite": "259 N.E.2d 638", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "123 Ill. App. 2d 35", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 1580194 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "39" }, { "page": "40" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/123/0035-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1027, "char_count": 35208, "ocr_confidence": 0.782, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.4012015426149246e-08, "percentile": 0.33761562932819633 }, "sha256": "bec9510c593936d43d497186fe812940d56074eeb13f47863ee5ef6b5b24f4f7", "simhash": "1:082efa31642c8638", "word_count": 6292 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:42:49.711724+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ROBERT MATHIS, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE PINCHAM\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nFollowing a bench trial, defendant, Robert Mathis, was found guilty of contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 11 \u2014 5(a)(1).) He was sentenced to one year\u2019s probation, the first 30 days to be served in the Cook County House of Corrections. Mathis contends for reversal before this court that the evidence failed to prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. We agree and reverse.\nThe State contended and presented evidence at the trial of this case that 29-year-old Robert Mathis had sexual intercourse with L.C., his 12-year-old stepdaughter, with force and against her will. If the evidence had in fact established beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the acts attributed to him by the victim, then the defendant was proved guilty of a multiplicity of felony sex offenses, i.e., rape, indecent liberties with a child, aggravated incest and sexual abuse of a child by a family member.\nA male person of the age of 14 years and upwards who has sexual intercourse with a female, not his wife, by force and against her will commits rape, a Class X felony (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 11\u2014 1(a)), the punishment for which is imprisonment in the penitentiary for a minimum mandatory period of not less than six years and not more than 30 years (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 8\u20141(a)(3)). The extended-term provision of section 5 \u2014 8\u20142 of the Unified Code of Corrections (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 8\u20142(a)(2)) is inapplicable to the facts of this case.\nAny person of the age of 17 years and upwards commits indecent liberties with a child when he performs with a child under the age of 16 any act of sexual intercourse or any lewd fondling or touching of the child with the intent to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires of either the child or the person or both. Indecent liberties with a child is a Class 1 felony. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, pars.. 11 \u2014 4(a)(1), 11\u2014 4(a)(3).) The punishment therefor is imprisonment for not less than four years and not more than 15 years. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 8\u20141(a)(4).\nWhen a male person has sexual intercourse with a person he knows to be his stepdaughter, he commits aggravated incest, a Class 2 felony. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 11 \u2014 10(a)(1).) The punishment for a Class 2 felony is imprisonment for not less than three years and not more than seven years. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 8\u20141(a)(5).\nAny male person who performs (1) any lewd fondling or touching of, or (2) any act of penetration of any object into the sex organs of his stepdaughter, under 18 years of age, with the intent to arouse his sexual desires, commits the offense of sexual abuse of a child by a family member, a Class 3 felony. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, pars. 11 \u2014 11.1(a)(1), 11 \u2014 11.1(a)(2).) The punishment for a Class 3 felony is imprisonment for not less than two years and not more than five years. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 8\u20141(a)(6).\nIn the case before us, however, the defendant was not charged with rape, indecent liberties with a child, aggravated incest or sexual abuse of a child by a family member. Instead, the defendant was charged with a Class A misdemeanor offense of contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child. This offense provides that any person of the age of 14 years and upwards who performs any act of sexual intercourse or any lewd fondling or touching of a child under the age of 18 years with intent to arouse or satisfy either person\u2019s sexual desire contributes to the sexual delinquency of a child. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, pars. 11 \u2014 5(a)(1), 11 \u2014 5(a)(3).) The penalty for the offense of contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child is imprisonment for any term less than one year. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 8\u20143(a)(1).\nThe complaint in the case at bar alleged that on January 18, 1983, the defendant \u201ccommitted the offense of contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child in that he, a person of the age of 14 years and upwards, performed an act of sexual intercourse with [L.C.], a person under the age of 18 years.\u201d The trial judge found the defendant guilty. The trial judge rejected the assistant State\u2019s Attorney\u2019s lenient recommendation of six months\u2019 imprisonment. Instead, the trial judge imposed the meager and more permissive punishment of probation for one year, the first 30 days thereof to be served in the custody of the Cook County Department of Corrections.\nIf the evidence was sufficient to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that this 29-year-old stepfather committed the act of sexual intercourse with his 12-year-old stepdaughter, by force and against her will, the defendant should have been prosecuted under the appropriate felony offenses and if found guilty, he should have been properly punished. If, on the other hand, the evidence failed to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant had sexual intercourse with his 12-year-old stepdaughter, by force and against her will, the defendant should have been found not guilty and discharged.\nBefore this court, the defendant unyieldingly argues that the evidence miserably failed to establish beyond a reasonable doubt his guilt of the commission of the offense of contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child. The evidence follows.\nThe State\u2019s Evidence\nL.C.\u2019S TESTIMONY DIRECT-EXAMINATION\nOn January 18, 1983, L.C. was 12 years old and lived with her mother, two brothers, ages three and seven, and Robert Mathis, her stepfather. On that date, at about 9 p.m., L.C. was home with her mother, brothers and Mathis. She was alone in her room preparing for bed. As she was taking her pajamas out of the drawer, Mathis entered her room and told her not to go to bed. L.C. asked why, and Mathis responded, \u201cJust don\u2019t go to bed.\u201d\nL.C. then went into the bathroom, put on her pajamas and returned to her room to go to bed. Mathis entered her room with a long, brown, doubled extension cord. (L.C. indicated the length of the cord to the trial judge, who estimated the length to be \u201cabout two or three feet.\u201d) Mathis told L.C. to get out of bed and she asked, \u201cWhy get out the bed?\u201d When Mathis threatened to hit her with the extension cord, she got out of the bed. Mathis ordered her to \u201cGet in the front.\u201d L.C. went and sat down in the living room in the front of the apartment, where Mathis had turned up the volume of the radio and television. L.C. watched the television. Mathis went into the room L.C. described as \u201cher mother\u2019s room,\u201d with drinks and reefers. L.C. then called her grandmother, Mary Covington.\nMathis returned to the living room and L.C. asked him, \u201cCould I go to the bathroom?\u201d She went to the bathroom and returned to the living room because Mathis was right behind her. Mathis said, \u201cI don\u2019t want you to be like your aunties June and Evonia \u2014 with babies.\u201d Mathis returned to the bedroom.\nMathis came back to the living room and closed the door to L.C.\u2019s mother\u2019s room. Mathis began feeling on L.C.\u2019s breasts, buttocks and in her vagina and told her to take off her clothes. L.C. said, \u201cI don\u2019t want to take off my clothes.\u201d Mathis repeated, \u201cTake off your clothes,\u201d and L.C. repeated that she did not want to take her clothes off. Mathis hit her on her breast with the extension cord. L.C. then \u201chad to take off\u201d her clothes, and Mathis again began feeling on her breasts, buttocks and vagina. Mathis told L.C. to go to the kitchen, and she asked why. Mathis told her, \u201cJust go in the kitchen.\u201d She did not go, and Mathis hit her on her legs.\nL.C. went into the kitchen and Mathis told her to lie down. L.C. testified that she did not want to lie down, but when Mathis hit her again, she did so. Mathis then told her to open her legs. L.C. refused until Mathis hit her again. Mathis took his pants off, lay on L.C. and inserted his penis into her vagina. It was painful, and she was moving around. Mathis told her to get up because \u201cit was hurting.\u201d Mathis told her to go to her room, which she did not want to do, but Mathis hit her again and she did, in her pajamas.\nCROSS-EXAMINATION\nMathis had been married to L.C.\u2019s mother for eight years, during which time he lived with them. L.C.\u2019s mother and brothers were in the apartment when the incidents she described occurred. L.C. watched television in the living room when Mathis went into her mother\u2019s room, which is next to L.C.\u2019s room.\nL.C.\u2019s grandmother and two aunts arrived while the incident was taking place. When Mathis went to answer the door, he told L.C. to put on her pajamas. Mathis opened the door and L.C.\u2019s aunt Evonia and grandmother came to L.C.\u2019s room. When the police arrived they took L.C. to Provident Hospital. While en route, L.C. and her grandmother talked to the police officers. L.C. was examined by a doctor at the hospital.\nL.C.\u2019s mother was in her bedroom during the entire incident with Mathis. L.C. did not talk to her mother at all that night. After the alleged act of intercourse, L.C. did not go and talk to her mother because, according to L.C., she was asleep, drunk and \u201chigh\u201d and if L.C. said anything, \u201cit would go in one ear and go out the other.\u201d\nL.C. has not lived with her mother since this incident occurred. She has lived with her grandmother. L.C. did not have a good relationship with her mother. She testified that she would like to continue living with her grandmother. L.C. has wanted to live with her grandmother for a long time and her grandmother has also wanted L.C. to live with her. L.C.\u2019s grandmother had even asked L.C.\u2019s mother if L.C. could live with her instead of her mother.\nREDIRECT EXAMINATION\n\u201cQ. You were going back to live with your mother on your birthday weren\u2019t you?\nA. No.\nQ. When you went over to the house to see her?\nA. She asked me and I told her if she moved out of the projects.\nQ. Did you tell her that she had to do anything else?\nA. I told her that I didn\u2019t want Robert Mathis to stay there.\nQ. And then you would go back to live with her, right?\nA. Yes.\nQ. If she moved out of the projects and stopped living with Robert Mathis?\nA. Yes.\nQ. You told her that on your birthday, right?\nA. Yes.\u201d\nRE-CROSS-EXAMINATION\nL.C. had previously complained to her mother about Mathis. She had told her mother that she did not want to live with Mathis, but she did not know how many times she had told that to her mother.\nL.C. had previously told lies. She knew that telling a lie sometimes helped her to get what she wanted. She had previously lied when she knew she should have told the truth, as she said that she was always supposed to do.\nFURTHER REDIRECT EXAMINATION\n\u201cQ. What else did you tell your mother besides you didn\u2019t want to live with Robert? Did you tell her anything else that Robert had done to you in the past?\nA. Yes.\n* * *\nQ. How many times have you complained about Robert to your mother before?\nA. At the time when he was raping me, three times, but I complained to her a lot.\n* * *\nQ. What was he doing to you before that?\nA. He was doing the same thing he was doing on January 18th, he was feeling me.\nQ. How many times was he feeling on you before January 18th, if you remember.\nA. I don\u2019t know because he has raped me more than once.\n* * *\nQ. How many times before January 18th did you tell your mother that Robert had touched your body?\nA. Three times.\nQ. And what did your Mom do about that?\nA. She didn\u2019t do nothing.\nQ. She didn\u2019t do anything?\nA. No. And I told the priest about it.\nQ. What priest?\nA. A Catholic priest at St. Elizabeth.\nQ. Did you tell your Mom you told the priest?\nA. No.\nQ. But you told your Mom three times before January 18th, the night we are talking about now that Robert touched your body?\nA. Yes.\nQ. Your Mom did nothing.\nA. Right.\u201d\nFURTHER RE-CROSS-EXAMINATION\n\u201cQ. [L.C.] have you ever lied to your mother before?\nA. Yes.\u201d\nEVONIA COVINGTON\u2019S TESTIMONY DIRECT EXAMINATION\nEvonia Covington was L.C.\u2019s aunt. On January 18, 1983, Evonia, her sister June and her mother, L.C.\u2019s grandmother (Mrs. Covington), went to L.C.\u2019s home in response to L.C.\u2019s 9 o\u2019clock telephone call to her grandmother. When they arrived, the T.V. and radio were playing loudly. Evonia and June banged on the door for at least two minutes. Mathis came to the door and let them in. Mrs. Covington went to the bathroom while Evonia and June stood with their coats on. Mathis said, \u201cWhat the f\u2014 you all standing up for, take off your m\u2014 f-\u2014 coats and sit down.\u201d Evonia said, \u201cI don\u2019t have to take nothing off, this isn\u2019t your house, this is my sister\u2019s house.\u201d Mrs. Covington returned from the bathroom and said, \u201cWhat\u2019s going on?\u201d Evonia went to the back and found L.C. lying on the bed. L.C. had on an open dress with no underclothes. Evonia told L.C., \u201cGet up, we\u2019re going.\u201d L.C. got up and put on her clothes.\nCROSS-EXAMINATION\nL.C. called at about 9 o\u2019clock. It took about an hour to get from Evonia\u2019s home to the projects where L.C. lived. They came because L.C. called. Mrs. Covington came to get her. Mrs. Covington told Evonia that she wanted to have L.C. at home with her. Evonia did not have any idea why she was going to L.C.\u2019s home.\nThe Defense Evidence\nMARY COVINGTON DIRECT EXAMINATION\nOn October 7, 1974, Mary Covington married Robert Mathis and they lived together with her three children. On January 18, 1983, at about 9 p.m., Mary was home in her bedroom talking to her three children and husband. Later, she lay down and watched T.V. The boys went to their room and L.C. went to the washroom to wash her blouse. L.C. did not talk to her after she had lain down. Mathis went to the kitchen in the front. At about 11 p.m., Mary\u2019s mother, Mrs. Covington, and her two sisters came to her apartment. Mary testified that L.C. never complained to her about Mathis bothering her and she did not hear anything unusual in the apartment. Mathis did not come into her room after she had lain down. Mary also said that L.C. never told- her that she did not want to live with Mathis. Following this incident, L.C. lived with her grandmother and had a birthday.\nCROSS-EXAMINATION\n\u201cQ. Did you see your daughter [L.C.] on her birthday? Did she come over to your house?\nA. No.\nQ. You didn\u2019t see your daughter on her birthday?\nA. No.\nQ. Did you see her around her birthday? Did you talk to her around her birthday?\nA. Yes.\nQ. Did you tell her you wanted her to live with you at that time? You wanted her to come back?\nA. I asked her did she want to come back?\nQ. Didn\u2019t she tell you she would come back if you moved out of the projects and left Robert?\nA. No. She said she would come back with me if I moved out of the projects.\u201d\nTestifying further, Mary Covington said that on the day of the incident, she was not in her room drinking or smoking a reefer. She stated that she was alone, lying down in her bedroom, watching T.V.\nROBERT MATHIS DIRECT-EXAMINATION\nOn January 18, 1983, Mathis was living with Mary Covington, to whom he was legally married and of which marriage two children were born. Mathis also provided for L.C. At about 9 o\u2019clock, Mathis was home watching T.V. with his wife and the children in his wife\u2019s bedroom. Mary Covington told L.C. to wash her blouse for school. Mathis left Mary\u2019s bedroom and went to the front. L.C. never came into the front that evening.\nMathis\u2019 mother-in-law and sisters-in-law came over that night at about 10 p.m. and he admitted them into the apartment. They never liked him. They did not visit Mary, especially at that time of night, so Mathis asked them was was wrong. They did not reply, so Mathis told them, \u201cRest your coats and have a seat.\u201d They remained standing. Evonia went into L.C.\u2019s room. Mathis again asked what was wrong. June, his other sister-in-law, called the police.\nMathis went to the back, opened the door and asked for the third time, \u201cWhat is wrong?\u201d .Evonia was pulling L.C.\u2019s clothes off and told Mathis to get out of the room. His wife, Mary, and her mother, Mrs. Covington, came back. Evonia pulled out a knife and waved it at Mathis. Mary\u2019s mother stepped in front of Evonia. Mathis did not know what was wrong with Evonia, so he picked up a stick off the shelf and told Evonia what he might do if she did not put the knife down. Mrs. Covington said, \u201cNo Robert. Go ahead on.\u201d Mathis\u2019 wife, Mary, pushed Mathis out of the room and Mathis went back to the front.\nAfter L.C. was dressed and the three ladies started out the door with her, Mary said, \u201cWait. Where are you going?\u201d Mrs. Covington said, \u201cI told her to let me have L.C.\u201d\nMathis testified that his relationship with his wife\u2019s sisters had been \u201chell\u201d for nine years. He had three verbal and physical fights with his wife\u2019s sisters in the past. He stated that on the day of the incident he did not strike L.C., nor did he hit her with an extension cord. He has disciplined L.C. in the past. He did not have sexual contact or sexual intercourse with L.C., nor did he touch any part of her body, or fondle her in any way, or make any lewd gestures toward her. He did not tell L.C. not to go to bed on that date.\nCROSS-EXAMINATION\nMathis testified that L.C.\u2019s aunts and grandmother did not call the police immediately after they talked to L.C. When Mathis answered the door, the radio was on, but the T.V. was not on. The radio was loud enough for him to hear. He was alone in the living room sitting on the chair only a few feet from the door when they knocked. Mary was in her room, but he did not know whether her door was shut.\nAn appropriate point at which to begin an analysis of the evidence in this case is to scrutinize the credibility of the alleged victim, L.C. In response to questions put to her \u201cto establish her competency,\u201d L.C. testified that she knew \u201cwhat it is to tell a lie.\u201d She said, \u201c[That] is when you\u2019re not telling the truth.\u201d She further testified that she knew \u201cwhat it is to tell the truth.\u201d She said, \u201c[That] is when you\u2019re telling the truth.\u201d She initially answered \u201cNo\u201d when asked if she knew what it meant to be \u201cunder oath\u201d and \u201cwhen the bailiff swore you in before.\u201d When told, \u201c[T]hat means you must tell the truth. Do you understand that?\u201d She responded, \u201cYes.\u201d She was asked if she understood that she \u201ccould go to jail if you don\u2019t tell the truth.\u201d She replied, \u201cYes.\u201d The trial judge found, \u201cShe answered the question \u2018[D]o you understand that you could go to jail if you don\u2019t tell the truth?\u2019 without hesitation. I find her quite competent. She seems to be all right to me. Let\u2019s go.\u201d L.C. was then called as a State\u2019s witness and testified:\n\u201cQ. You\u2019ve told lies before, haven\u2019t you?\n* * *\nA. Yes.\nQ. And you know that by telling a lie sometimes that helps you get what you want?\nA. Yes.\nQ. And you probably told a lie before when you know you should have told the truth?\nA. Yes.\nQ. You know you\u2019re always supposed to tell the truth, right?\nA. Yes.\n* * *\nQ. Have you ever lied to your mother before?\nA. Yes.\u201d\nNot only did this evidence establish that L.C. knew that telling a lie would help her get what she wanted, the evidence also established what she wanted, and that was a motive for her fabrication. She wanted to move out of the Chicago Housing Authority public housing projects. When asked by the assistant State\u2019s Attorney, \u201cWould you make up a story so you could stay with your grandmother? Would you tell a lie so you could stay with your grandmother?\u201d L.C. responded, \u201cNo.\u201d Had she responded in the affirmative, it is unlikely that the case would be before this court. Her responses on this subject are quite revealing.\nL.C. testified that she would like to stay with her grandmother and that she had wanted to stay with her for a long time. She related further that her grandmother had wanted her to stay with her and that her grandmother had even asked L.C.\u2019s mother if L.C. could stay with her. L.C. also stated that she saw her mother on her (L.C.\u2019s) birthday, which was a few weeks before her court appearance. L.C.\u2019s answers to the nonsuggestive and nonleading questions on direct examination disclosed her true feelings. L.C. testified.\n\u201cQ. You were going to go back to live with your mother on your birthday, weren\u2019t you?\nA. No.\nQ. When you went over to the house to see her.\nA. She asked me, and I told her if she moved out of the pro jects.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nThe assistant State\u2019s Attorney correctly recognized that this unexpected revelation of L.C.\u2019s concerns and desires was extremely probative of her motive to lie. In an effort to rectify it, he queried:\n\u201cQ. Did you tell her she had to do anything else?\nA. I told her that I didn\u2019t want Robert Mathis to stay there.\nQ. And then you would go back to live with her right?\nA. Yes.\nQ. If she moved out of the projects and stopped living with Robert Mathis.\nA. Yes.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nIf Mathis had done the horrible things to L.C. that she alleged he did, her primary concern, it would seem, would have been not to live with him. It would also seem that such a concern would not need to have been provoked by a suggestive question. Rather, it would have been a far more spontaneous response. Her reluctance to live with Mathis appears to have been an idea that was instilled by the State as a fanciful afterthought.\nA defense witness, L.C.\u2019s mother, testified under cross-examination that she talked to L.C. on or about the day of L.C.\u2019s birthday. She stated:\n\u201cQ. Did you tell her you wanted her to live with you at that time? You wanted her to come back?\nA. I asked her did she want to come back.\nQ. Didn\u2019t she tell you she would come back if you moved out of the projects and left Robert?\nA. No. She said she\u2019d come back with me if I moved out of the projects.\nQ. She didn\u2019t say\u2014\nA. She didn\u2019t mention his name. She just asked me.\u201d\nThus, the mother of this alleged rape-incest victim, a witness on behalf of the defendant, unequivocally corroborated the victim\u2019s motive to fabricate. Her daughter wanted to move out of the projects\u2014 at any cost!\nThe evidence further established that the atmosphere between the defendant and his in-laws, the victim\u2019s maternal grandmother and aunts, was fertile for their acceptance of the victim\u2019s accusations against the defendant. The defendant described his relationship with his wife\u2019s sisters as being \u201chell for nine years.\u201d He stated further that he had physical and verbal fights in the past with them.\nThe defendant denied that he was profane when he admitted his mother-in-law and his two sisters-in-law, Evonia and June Covington, into the apartment. Neither the grandmother nor June Covington testified at the trial. Evonia testified, however, that when they entered the apartment, her mother immediately went to the bathroom. The defendant then allegedly greeted her and June with, \u201cWhat the f\u2014 you all standing up for? Take off your m\u2014 f-\u2014 coats and sit down.\u201d Evonia Covington testified that she responded, \u201cI don\u2019t have to take nothing off. This isn\u2019t your house this is my sister\u2019s house.\u201d If this exchange occurred, it certainly demonstrates a hostility between them. If the exchange did not occur and it was fabricated by Evonia Covington, it suggests an even deeper hostility by her against the defendant.\nWith these preliminary factors before us, the ultimate question presented is whether the evidence established beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant had sexual intercourse with the victim.\nWhere the act which constitutes the offense of contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child is an act of forcible sexual intercourse, as was alleged in the case at bar, the burden of proving that act beyond a reasonable doubt is the same burden as when the defendant is charged and on trial for the offense of rape. That burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt is not eviscerated by reducing the charge from rape to the charge of contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child.\nIn People v. Bryant (1970), 123 Ill. App. 2d 35, 259 N.E.2d 638, the defendant was charged with contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child. The victim testified that the defendant \u201cstuck his-self in her,\u201d after dragging her into a basement and after she had told him no when he asked her if she would \u201cgive him some.\u201d The defendant denied the acts attributed to him by the victim. In reversing the conviction, the court stated:\n\u201cWe are cognizant of the problems that exist in the proof of sex crimes. We consider the offense of contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child to be of the same genre and subject to the same evidentiary standards as those which are applied in rape cases. Just as \u2018an indecent liberties case is similar in character to that of rape\u2019 (People v. Watkins, 405 Ill. 454, 457, 91 N.E.2d 406), so is the instant offense. As the court stated in Watkins:\n[I]t is an accusation easily made, hard to be proved, and harder to be defended by the party accused, though ever so innocent. (People v. Phipps, 338 Ill. 373.) We have always safeguarded the interests of an accused where the testimony is uncorroborated, by requiring that it should be clear and convincing.\nUpon a thorough review of the record, we find that the testimony of the twelve-year-old complaining witness is not very satisfactory. We agree with defendant that, because her testimony is uncorroborated and is not of the clear and convincing quality necessary for conviction, it leaves a reasonable doubt as to his guilt.\u201d (Emphasis added.) 123 Ill. App. 2d 35, 39.\nThe facts of People v. Henderson (1968), 102 Ill. App. 2d 152, 243 N.E.2d 605, are strikingly similar to the facts of the instant case. In Henderson, the victim was 14 years old and the defendant\u2019s natural daughter. The victim was preparing for bed at about 10 p.m. when the defendant called her into his bedroom and, according to the victim, had sexual intercourse with her, while four other household members were in the apartment. In Henderson, as in the instant case, the victim testified to previous acts of intercourse with the defendant. Henderson denied the acts of sexual intercourse. In reversing his conviction, the court held:\n\u201cWhere a conviction is based solely on the testimony of the complaining witness, who is a child, and the defendant denies the charge, the testimony of that witness must be clear and convincing or must be corroborated by other substantial evidence. [Citations.] And to sustain a conviction on the uncorroborated testimony of the prosecutrix, her testimony must be clear and convincing. [Citation.]\nIn the instant case, we are not satisfied that the daughter\u2019s testimony was of such a clear and convincing nature.\u201d 102 Ill. App. 2d 152,157.\nThe defendant was found guilty by the trial court of taking indecent liberties with a nine-year-old child in People v. Morgan (1977), 69 Ill. 2d 200, 370 N.E.2d 1063. The victim testified that while her parents were asleep, the defendant entered her bedroom, awakened her, took her into the living room and kissed her on her \u201ccrotch.\u201d The trial judge relied on the testimony of the victim\u2019s grandmother that that area of the victim was red and irritated as corroboration. The defendant denied the acts. The supreme court stated in reversing:\n\u201cContrary to the State\u2019s contention, the complainant\u2019s testimony was neither clear and convincing nor substantially corroborated as required in cases of this nature. [Citation.]\n*** While due weight must be given to the trier of fact as to the credibility of the witnesses, \u2018it is our duty to reverse the judgment if the evidence is not sufficient to remove all reasonable doubt of the defendant\u2019s guilt and create an abiding conviction that he is guilty of the crime charged.\u2019 \u201d 69 Ill. 2d 200, 206-07.\nPeople v. Kolden (1962), 25 Ill. 2d 327, 185 N.E.2d 170, involved an alleged sex offense against a minor. The conviction was reversed in the following language of the supreme court:\n\u201cIt is well settled in Illinois that where a conviction for taking indecent liberties with a child depends on the testimony of the prosecuting witness, and the defendant denies the charge, there must be substantial corroboration of her testimony, or the testimony must be otherwise clear and convincing. [Citations.]\n* * *\nWhile we are cognizant of the difficulties in adducing proof in cases of this type, *** the very odium and prejudice arising from such a charge requires that the courts do not vitiate the traditional requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. From the record before us we are convinced that the State has failed to sustain this burden.\u201d 25 Ill. 2d 327, 329-30.\nIn People v. Nunes (1964), 30 Ill. 2d 143, 146, 195 N.E.2d 706, the victim, who was 12 years old, testified that the defendant kissed and fondled her, put his arms around her and had her touch his private parts. The victim\u2019s 12-year-old friend endeavored to corroborate her. The jury found the defendant guilty. The supreme court reversed, stating:\n\u201cIt is axiomatic that a charge of indecent liberties is an accusation easily made, hard to be proved, and harder to be defended by the party accused. [Citation.] In such cases reviewing courts are especially charged with the duty of carefully examining the evidence, and while due weight must be given to the judgment of the jury as to the credibility of the witnesses, it is our duty to reverse the judgment if the evidence is not sufficient to remove all reasonable doubt of the defendant\u2019s guilt and create an abiding conviction that he is guilty of the crime charged.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nIt appears in the instant case that the victim initially attempted to create the impression that it was because her mother had imbibed in \u201cdrinks and reefers\u201d that she did not make an outcry to her. This impression was to have been derived from the victim\u2019s testimony that the defendant entered her mother\u2019s bedroom with \u201cdrinks and reefers.\u201d The assistant State\u2019s Attorney adroitly avoided eliciting from her on direct examination why she did not make an outcry or complain to her mother, and he adamantly objected when the defense attorney endeavored to obtain this information on cross-examination. The victim first offered that her mother was asleep as the reason for her not making a complaint to her. She expanded that reason in the following way:\n\u201cQ. You told the judge that your mother was in her room the whole time this happened?\nA. Yes.\nQ. Had you talked to your mother all that night?\nA. No.\nQ. Now, when Robert got up and left you, you didn\u2019t go and talk to your mother, did you?\nA. No, because she was asleep.\n* * *\nQ. Did you try to talk to your mother at all that night?\nMR. GORDON [assistant State\u2019s Attorney]: Your honor, I would object.\nTHE COURT: Overruled. Did you?\nA. No, because she was drunk and high anyway. So if I talked to her\u2014\nMR. LIEBERMAN [defense counsel]: Objection, Your honor, ask her just to answer the question.\nTHE COURT: No, you opened it up. ***\nTHE WITNESS: She was drunk and high. If I did say something, it would go in one ear and go out the other.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nThe victim must have known that her maternal grandmother and aunts would contradict her testimony that her mother was drunk and the assistant State\u2019s Attorney\u2019s awareness of this precluded him from inquiring in this area. Neither the victim\u2019s grandmother nor her aunts corroborated the victim\u2019s testimony that her mother was intoxicated or under the influence of drugs when they arrived at the apartment, and both the defendant and the victim\u2019s mother denied that they had imbibed in drugs or intoxicating beverages.\nThe victim apparently endeavored to additionally justify her failure to make an outcry to her mother by her testimony that the defendant turned up the radio and T.V. But raising the radio and T.V. volume to drown out an outcry would appear to be incompatible with the slumber of the victim\u2019s seven- and three-year-old brothers and her mother who was supposedly asleep and intoxicated.\nThe victim testified that the defendant repeatedly beat her on her breast and legs with a doubled extension cord. The extension cord was not produced in court. Moreover, neither the victim\u2019s grandmother nor her aunts testified to a single abrasion, laceration, welt or other evidence of a beating or striking on the victim. Evonia Covington, the victim\u2019s aunt, was not asked and did not describe the victim\u2019s appearance upon her arrival, except to say that the victim had a \u201cdress on, open with no underclothes on.\u201d\nThe victim testified that pursuant to the defendant\u2019s direction, she went from her bedroom to the living room and sat down and that the defendant increased the radio and T.V. volume and then went into her mother\u2019s room. The victim testified that it was at this point she called her grandmother. Evonia Covington testified that she and her mother, the victim\u2019s grandmother, and her sister, June, left their home and rode the bus to the victim\u2019s home, but that she had no idea why she was going to the victim\u2019s home. The victim testified that after she called her grandmother, the defendant returned to the living room, struck her with the extension cord and forced her to go ndo the kitchen, where he told her to lie down. She refused and the defendant struck her again. She lay down and when the defendant told her to open her legs and she refused, the defendant hit her again. When she opened her legs, the defendant took his pants off and lay on her and \u201cstuck his penis in my vagina and it hurt.\u201d The defendant told her to get up, because \u201cit was hurting,\u201d and to go to her room. She did not want to go to her room and the defendant hit her again. The victim testified that she went in her room in her pajamas. Evonia testified, however, that when she arrived, the victim had on a dress.\nMary Covington, the victim\u2019s mother, testified that the victim never made any outcry or complaint to her about the defendant and that nothing unusual occurred in her home on the night in question until her mother and two sisters arrived. The defendant denied that he struck the victim or had sexual intercourse with her.\nThe victim and Evonia Covington testified that the victim was taken to a hospital where she was examined by a doctor. Yet, no hospital records were offered or admitted into evidence to corroborate that she had been examined, or to corroborate her physical condition of her alleged beating and rape. Thus, the victim\u2019s version was \u201cwithout any corroboration from its most logical source.\u201d People v. Bryant (1970), 123 Ill. App. 2d 35, 40, 259 N.E.2d 638.\nThe victim\u2019s testimony was uncorroborated. It was not clear and convincing and the evidence failed to prove the defendant guilty of contributing to the sexual delinquency of a child. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of conviction is reversed.\nReversed.\nMEJDA, P.J., and SULLIVAN, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE PINCHAM" } ], "attorneys": [ "James J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (John M. Kalmans and Debra A. Zisook, Assistant Public Defenders, of counsel), for appellant.", "Richard M. Daley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Michael E. Shabat, Karen C. Wirth, and Peter D. Zaper, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ROBERT MATHIS, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (5th Division)\nNo. 83\u20141836\nOpinion filed May 24, 1985.\nJames J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (John M. Kalmans and Debra A. Zisook, Assistant Public Defenders, of counsel), for appellant.\nRichard M. Daley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Michael E. Shabat, Karen C. Wirth, and Peter D. Zaper, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "1027-01", "first_page_order": 1049, "last_page_order": 1064 }