{ "id": 3599793, "name": "THOMAS O. PETTY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DALE CADWALLADER et al., Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Petty v. Cadwallader", "decision_date": "1985-08-15", "docket_number": "No. 4\u201484\u20140846", "first_page": "695", "last_page": "700", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "135 Ill. App. 3d 695" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "730 N.E.2d 847", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "851" }, { "page": "851, 853" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "453 N.E.2d 1129", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "117 Ill. App. 3d 887", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3481720 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/117/0887-01" ] }, { "cite": "88 N.E.2d 477", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "404 Ill. 136", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5306806 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/404/0136-01" ] }, { "cite": "422 N.E.2d 86", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1949, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "93" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "96 Ill. App. 3d 834", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 12142977 ], "year": 1949, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "842" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/96/0834-01" ] }, { "cite": "319 N.E.2d 324", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "23 Ill. App. 3d 420", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2506389 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/23/0420-01" ] }, { "cite": "395 N.E.2d 66", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "76 Ill. App. 3d 514", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3277742 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/76/0514-01" ] }, { "cite": "429 N.E.2d 847", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "87 Ill. 2d 190", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3030556 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "197" }, { "page": "200" }, { "page": "201, 203" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/87/0190-01" ] }, { "cite": "427 N.E.2d 1203", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1206" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "86 Ill. 2d 431", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5468529 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "436" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/86/0431-01" ] }, { "cite": "326 U.S. 310", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6157001 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/326/0310-01" ] }, { "cite": "437 N.E.2d 718", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "107 Ill. App. 3d 234", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3023624 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/107/0234-01" ] }, { "cite": "429 N.E.2d 847", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "853" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "87 Ill. 2d 190", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3030556 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "203" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/87/0190-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 617, "char_count": 12162, "ocr_confidence": 0.741, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.5354933984628145e-07, "percentile": 0.6718901372242165 }, "sha256": "3e0c8b4721db4d539bafa9db5f701c96aeab73793437a89fda1afc888dc1a723", "simhash": "1:26be850f95e7c609", "word_count": 1971 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:44:15.524885+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THOMAS O. PETTY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DALE CADWALLADER et al., Defendants-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE GREEN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff, Thomas O. Petty, a loan broker, filed suit in the circuit court of Coles county on August 22, 1984, against defendants, Dale Cadwallader and Judy Cadwallader, alleging breach of contract for failure to pay the entire fee due to plaintiff for the work he did in procuring a farm loan for them. Defendants, residents of Indiana, filed a special and limited appearance pursuant to section 2 \u2014 301 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 2 \u2014 301) claiming that the Illinois courts lacked jurisdiction over them as the complaint failed to allege that they were ever in Illinois or transacted business here. The circuit court granted the motion and quashed the summons served on each of the defendants. Plaintiff appeals and we reverse.\nPlaintiff, in his complaint, alleges that he received a telephone call from defendant, Dale Cadwallader, at his office in Oakland, Coles County, Illinois, requesting him to travel to the defendants\u2019 residence to discuss a loan application with them. The complaint does not indicate the location of the residence. Although it is not mentioned in the complaint, it is undisputed that defendants resided in Cass County, Indiana.\nThe complaint further alleges that plaintiff and defendants then entered into an agreement whereby plaintiff would procure a loan commitment for defendants secured by farmland and defendants would pay plaintiff $8,250 for his efforts.\nPlaintiff alleges that subsequent to entering into the agreement with defendants, he performed his obligations under the contract by preparing various applications, reports, appraisals and financial statements and making telephone calls and sending letters from his office in Coles County, Illinois, and \u201cas a result\u201d secured a commitment by Travelers Insurance Company for a loan which was made to the defendants. Finally the complaint alleged that defendants have only paid plaintiff $3,000 and have refused to pay more despite the fact that he has performed all of his obligations under the contract.\nPlaintiff contends that the circuit court of Coles County obtained jurisdiction of the persons of defendants by the terms of the \u201clong-arm\u201d provisions found in section 2 \u2014 209(a) of the Code of Civil Procedure, which states in part:\n\u201c(a) Any person, whether or not a citizen or resident of this State, who in person or through an agent does any of the acts hereinafter enumerated, thereby submits such person, *** to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State as to any cause of action arising from the doing of any of such acts:\n(1) The transaction of any business within this State.\u201d (Emphasis added.) Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 2 \u2014 209(a).\nThe determination of long-arm jurisdiction in Illinois is not limited to the mere inquiry as to whether the \u201cminimum contacts\u201d test of In ternational Shoe Co. v. Washington (1945), 326 U.S. 310, 90 L. Ed. 95, 66 S. Ct. 154, has been met. Our supreme court has held that the standards under the Illinois long-arm statute are more stringent than Federal due process standards (Green v. Advance Ross Electronics Corp. (1981), 86 Ill. 2d 431, 436, 427 N.E.2d 1203, 1206). Rather, the due process standard represents only an outer limit beyond which a State may not go in obtaining personal jurisdiction over a nonresident, and a State is free to set narrower standards within these limits. (Cook Associates, Inc. v. Lexington United Corp. (1981), 87 Ill. 2d 190, 197, 429 N.E.2d 847.) Therefore, even though a defendant may have engaged in conduct giving rise to \u201cminimum contacts\u201d with this State, personal jurisdiction of the defendant is not obtained unless the statutory standards are met.\nTwo cases cited by the plaintiff, in which long-arm jurisdiction was found where the defendants never entered Illinois and merely initiated contact with the plaintiff either via telephone or letter, were decided prior to Green and Cook Associates; thus, their decisions were based solely on minimum contacts analysis.\nIn AAAA Creative, Inc. v. Sovereign Holidays, Ltd. (1979), 76 Ill. App. 3d 514, 395 N.E.2d 66, the president of defendant corporation telephoned from New York the plaintiffs corporate president who happened to be in Europe at the time. A contract was entered into at that time in which plaintiff Illinois corporation agreed to accept a photographic assignment to be performed in France providing receipt in its corporate office in Chicago of an advance fee and a written shooting assignment. The court held that minimum contacts were established with Illinois in that: (1) The defendant entered into a contract with an Illinois corporation; (2) the formation of the contract occurred in Chicago upon the receipt of payment and written assignment there; and (3) the fee was to be paid in Illinois. Thus, the defendant voluntarily invoked the protections of the State of Illinois.\nThe other case was First Professional Leasing Co. v. Rappold (1974), 23 Ill. App. 3d 420, 319 N.E.2d 324. Rappold was a California resident who contacted plaintiff corporation in Illinois for the purpose of leasing equipment. The lease contract was executed in Illinois when it was signed in plaintiff\u2019s offices; the contract was pledged to an Illinois bank; payments were remitted to plaintiff in Illinois; and defendant signed an Illinois security agreement. Again, minimum contacts with the State were found.\nIn the instant case, there are no allegations that (1) the contract between the parties was formed in Illinois; (2) the fees were to be paid in Illinois; (3) the ultimate loan transaction took place in Illinois or involved an Illinois resident or Illinois land, or (4) the protection of the State of Illinois was intended to be invoked by defendants as they invited plaintiff to Indiana to negotiate and form their contract. Clearly, the conduct of defendants in merely making a telephone call to plaintiff in Illinois asking plaintiff to come to Indiana to discuss defendants engaging him to procure a loan did not constitute' the transaction of business in Illinois by defendants.\nHowever, once the contract between plaintiff and defendants became effective, plaintiff became the agent of defendants for some purposes. The complaint alleged that plaintiff was a \u201cbroker\u201d and after performing certain tasks he secured a commitment for a loan which was later made to defendants. The tenor of the complaint is that plaintiff, as a \u201cloan broker,\u201d negotiated the offer of the loan for defendants\u2019 acceptance. By doing so, he became more than a \u201cfinder.\u201d (Business Development Services, Inc. v. Field Container Corp. (1981), 96 Ill. App. 3d 834, 842, 422 N.E.2d 86, 93.) As broker for defendants, plaintiff became an agent of defendants for the purposes of obtaining the loan commitment. City of Chicago v. Barnett (1949), 404 Ill. 136, 88 N.E.2d 477; Buzzard v. Bolger (1983), 117 Ill. App. 3d 887, 453 N.E.2d 1129; see also Restatement (Second) of Agency sec. 54 (1958).\nSection 2 \u2014 209(a) of the Code of Civil Procedure refers to the \u201ctransaction of any business within this State\u201d whether done \u201cin person or through an agent,\u201d and the section subjects the person to the jurisdiction of the Illinois courts for causes of action \u201carising from\u201d such transaction of business. The cause of action here arose from the contract between the parties and plaintiff\u2019s subsequent obtaining of the loan commitment. The complaint indicates that the activities of plaintiff in Illinois in sending out letters and documents and making phone calls included plaintiff\u2019s correspondence with Travelers Insurance Company, which issued the commitment and made the loan. Thus, plaintiff transacted business in Illinois, which gave rise to the cause of action which is the subject of this suit.\nAs plaintiff was acting as an agent on behalf of defendants in transacting the foregoing business within this State, his transaction of that business would seem to be the transaction of business by defendants. The trial court concluded that such reasoning \u201cwould distort the meaning of the statute,\u201d because plaintiff \u201cwas not their agent for the purpose of submitting to the jurisdiction of the State.\u201d We recognize that the question is complicated but we cannot agree with the trial court. For an agent to submit his principal to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State under the provisions of section 2 \u2014 209(a), the agent need have neither express nor implied authority from the principal to do so. Rather, the agent must have the express or implied authority of the principal to perform the acts which give rise to the submission to the jurisdiction. Here, the record indicates that defendants would have anticipated that plaintiff would be likely to contact lenders by telephone or mail from his office in Illinois and impliedly consented that he do so. If express or implied authority to the agent to submit the principal to the jurisdiction of our courts was required, most principals would expressly deny that authority to their agents and thus prevent the operation of section 2 \u2014 209(a) except when they personally transacted business within the State.\nIf the \u201ctransaction of business\u201d test was met here, the minimum contacts test was clearly met.\nIt is important to note that the \u201clong arm\u201d jurisdiction which is obtained over a defendant as to a \u201ccause of action arising from *** [t]he transaction of any business within this State\u201d under the terms of section 2 \u2014 209(a) of the Code of Civil Procedure differs from the jurisdiction obtained over a foreign corporation by virtue of its \u201cdoing business\u201d in the State as developed by case law (see Cook Associates, Inc. v. Lexington United Corp. (1981), 87 Ill. 2d 190, 200, 730 N.E.2d 847, 851) under the \u201cdoing business\u201d doctrine. Under the latter doctrine, mere \u201csolicitation by employees who have only authority to solicit\u201d is insufficient to confer jurisdiction and a certain permanency in the activity is required. (Cook Associates, Inc. v. Lexington United Corp. (1981), 87 Ill. 2d 190, 201, 203, 730 N.E.2d 847, 851, 853.) No such limitations have been placed on the \u201ctransaction of any business\u201d requirement of section 2 \u2014 209(a).\nAccordingly, we reverse the judgment quashing the summons and remand to the circuit court of Coles County for further proceedings.\nReversed and remanded.\nWEBBER, J., concurs.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE GREEN" }, { "text": "JUSTICE TRAPP,\ndissenting:\nI would affirm the trial court. The opinion agrees that this purported contract was entirely made in Indiana and that the loan was to be made in Indiana pursuant to Indiana law.\nThe theory of a broker form of agency is strained, for the plaintiff could not execute any contract for the loan, and could not commit the defendant to make or complete the loan. The record shows that the defendant did not have any business contact in Illinois, and that the agreement between plaintiff and defendant did not contemplate that defendant would ever have business activity in Hlinois. Plaintiff could only solicit loan commitments.\nIn Cook Associates, Inc. v. Lexington United Corp. (1981), 87 Ill. 2d 190, 429 N.E.2d 847, the supreme court expressly rejected the view, here adopted by the majority, that an executive search organization\u2019s activities in Hlinois brought a Massachusetts corporation within the jurisdiction of this State. See also Colnar v. Baldknobbers, Inc. (1982), 107 Ill. App. 3d 234, 437 N.E.2d 718.\nIn Cook, the court noted that doing business in Illinois required more than solicitation by an employee who only has authority to solicit. The opinion notes that doing business for jurisdictional purposes requires a \u201c \u2018fair measure of permanence and continuity.\u2019 \u201d (Cook Associates, Inc. v. Lexington United Corp. (1981), 87 Ill. 2d 190, 203, 429 N.E.2d 847, 853.) The majority opinion disregards the principles of Cook. I dissent.", "type": "dissent", "author": "JUSTICE TRAPP," } ], "attorneys": [ "Mark T. Petty, of Areola, for appellant.", "William J. Warmoth, of Brainard, Bower & Kramer, of Charleston, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THOMAS O. PETTY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DALE CADWALLADER et al., Defendants-Appellees.\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201484\u20140846\nOpinion filed August 15, 1985.\nTRAPP, J., dissenting.\nMark T. Petty, of Areola, for appellant.\nWilliam J. Warmoth, of Brainard, Bower & Kramer, of Charleston, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0695-01", "first_page_order": 717, "last_page_order": 722 }