{
  "id": 3502684,
  "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. STEVEN R. FRANTZ, Defendant-Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Frantz",
  "decision_date": "1986-12-08",
  "docket_number": "No. 5\u201485\u20140411",
  "first_page": "296",
  "last_page": "304",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "150 Ill. App. 3d 296"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.",
    "id": 8837,
    "name": "Illinois Appellate Court"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 29,
    "name_long": "Illinois",
    "name": "Ill."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "396 N.E.2d 6",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "77 Ill. 2d 229",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        5490032
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/77/0229-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "290 N.E.2d 592",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "year": 1979,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "599"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "53 Ill. 2d 228",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        2926044
      ],
      "year": 1979,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "241"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/53/0228-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "450 N.E.2d 342",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "344"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "115 Ill. App. 3d 157",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
      "case_ids": [
        3558625
      ],
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "160"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-app-3d/115/0157-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "413 N.E.2d 1254",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "1262"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "83 Ill. 2d 112",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        5473083
      ],
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "129"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/83/0112-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "429 N.E.2d 526",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "year": 1980,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "528-29"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "87 Ill. 2d 151",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        3030946
      ],
      "year": 1980,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "157-58"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/87/0151-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "104 S. Ct. 200",
      "category": "reporters:federal",
      "reporter": "S. Ct.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "78 L. Ed. 2d 175",
      "category": "reporters:federal",
      "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "464 U.S. 865",
      "category": "reporters:federal",
      "reporter": "U.S.",
      "case_ids": [
        6401817
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/us/464/0865-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "447 N.E.2d 218",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "year": 1983,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "235"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "94 Ill. 2d 378",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        3105961
      ],
      "year": 1983,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "413"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/94/0378-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "423 N.E.2d 510",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "512"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "97 Ill. App. 3d 787",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
      "case_ids": [
        3111411
      ],
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "789"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-app-3d/97/0787-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "470 N.E.2d 606",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "weight": 2,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "608"
        },
        {
          "page": "609"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "128 Ill. App. 3d 272",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
      "case_ids": [
        3525248
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "275"
        },
        {
          "page": "275"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-app-3d/128/0272-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "483 N.E.2d 1288",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1984,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "1289"
        },
        {
          "page": "1290, 1291"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "108 Ill. 2d 228",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        3129506
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1984,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "232"
        },
        {
          "page": "234, 236"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/108/0228-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "434 N.E.2d 13",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "weight": 5,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "16"
        },
        {
          "page": "16"
        },
        {
          "page": "16"
        },
        {
          "page": "16"
        },
        {
          "page": "17"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "105 Ill. App. 3d 129",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
      "case_ids": [
        5471389
      ],
      "weight": 5,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "133"
        },
        {
          "page": "133"
        },
        {
          "page": "132-33"
        },
        {
          "page": "134"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-app-3d/105/0129-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "332 N.E.2d 634",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "weight": 2,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "637"
        },
        {
          "page": "638"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "30 Ill. App. 3d 668",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
      "case_ids": [
        2620704
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "671"
        },
        {
          "page": "672"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-app-3d/30/0668-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "423 N.E .2d 1356",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "year": 1975,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "1357"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "98 Ill. App. 3d 202",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
      "case_ids": [
        8499070
      ],
      "year": 1975,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "204"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-app-3d/98/0202-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "404 N.E.2d 233",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "weight": 2,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "238"
        },
        {
          "page": "239"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "79 Ill. 2d 564",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        3069192
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "576"
        },
        {
          "page": "577"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/79/0564-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "430 N.E.2d 1070",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "year": 1980,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "1072"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "88 Ill. 2d 225",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
      "case_ids": [
        3083586
      ],
      "year": 1980,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "230-31"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/ill-2d/88/0225-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "425 N.E.2d 1094",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "1097-98"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "460 N.E.2d 858",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "year": 1978,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "862"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "268 N.E.2d 376",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "377"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "378 N.E.2d 248",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "weight": 4,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "253"
        },
        {
          "page": "253-54"
        },
        {
          "page": "253"
        },
        {
          "page": "254"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "375 N.E.2d 1283",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "N.E.2d",
      "year": 1978,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "1284"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
    "cardinality": 927,
    "char_count": 17198,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.79,
    "pagerank": {
      "raw": 9.936834066922065e-08,
      "percentile": 0.5365247163058541
    },
    "sha256": "ebf288126c90242ffb168905dc6ca0543322b75b196dd72abea337080775f560",
    "simhash": "1:02348d9eac50a691",
    "word_count": 2870
  },
  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:09:44.674340+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. STEVEN R. FRANTZ, Defendant-Appellant."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE KARNS\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant, Steven R. Frantz, was convicted by a jury of reckless homicide (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 38, par. 9 \u2014 3) and driving while under the influence of intoxicating liquor (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 951/2, par. 11 \u2014 501). Defendant was sentenced to 18 months\u2019 imprisonment and ordered to pay a fine of $1,000 on the reckless-homicide conviction. Sentence was withheld on the driving-while-under-the-influence conviction. Defendant appeals both convictions.\nOn the morning of July 28, 1984, shortly after 12 p.m., a motorcycle collided with a pickup truck driven by defendant at the intersection of Illinois Route 4 and Darmstadt Road in St. Clair County. The driver of the motorcycle died at the scene.\nState Police Master Sergeant Paul Stokes, the first law-enforcement officer at the scene, found defendant\u2019s truck sitting at an angle across the northbound lane of Route 4 and the motorcycle lying on its side in the southbound lane of Route 4. The driver of the motorcycle was lying at the southwest corner of the intersection. The motorcycle left a skid mark 58.5 feet long in the northbound lane of Route 4, 2 to 3 feet from the center line. The truck left no marks. The motorcycle was demolished, and the truck was extensively damaged on the left front and side. With the aid of an accident reconstructionist, it was determined the motorcycle, heading south, struck the truck\u2019s left front tire and fender in the southbound lane of Route 4 as the truck was making a left turn into northbound Route 4 from Darmstadt Road. The motorcycle then swung to the right, hitting the left side of the truck while throwing the driver.\nMaster Sergeant Stokes testified that shortly after arriving at the scene, he walked over to speak to defendant. He noticed that defendant\u2019s eyes were bloodshot, his breath smelled of alcohol, and his speech was slurred. According to Stokes, defendant first told him he did not want to talk about the accident. Defendant later stated he did not see the motorcycle coming. Stokes also testified that when a second trooper approached defendant, defendant tried to grab the flashlight from the officer\u2019s hands. Stokes then placed defendant under arrest for driving while under the influence of intoxicating liquor. The second officer transported him to the St. Clair County jail for processing.\nAt the jail, defendant consented to take a breath analysis or intoxilyzer test. The reading was 0.21%. Defendant then attempted to take four performance tests. The second officer testified defendant did not perform any of the tests as instructed and, upon completing the fourth test of picking up coins off of the floor, threw the coins. When informed that the driver of the motorcycle had been fatally injured, defendant allegedly replied, \u201cI don\u2019t give a f-k.\u201d He later stated the motorcycle was in his lane of traffic.\nDefendant testified that during the evening preceding the accident, he was \u201chelping out\u201d some friends at a 24-team softball tournament. One of his jobs was tending the beer stand. Because there were over 250 people at the games, the beer stand was very crowded. Defendant was constantly getting beer on his hands and clothes. Defendant admitted he drank about three or four 10-ounce cups of beer while tending the stand from 7 to 10:30 p.m., but was still sober when he left the games. Defendant then drove to a tavern some 20 to 25 minutes away to talk to the owner. While talking to the owner, defendant consumed two 12-ounce bottles of beer. After about an hour, defendant left to go home. Defendant still considered himself to be sober and in full control of his faculties.\nAt the intersection of Route 4 and Darmstadt Road, defendant stopped at the stop sign on Darmstadt Road before entering Route 4. The sign was approximately 40 feet from the edge of Route 4. Cornfields on both sides prevented defendant from seeing far down the road. He, therefore, edged up to Route 4 and looked down the road. He saw car headlights approximately a mile away to his left. As he pulled out into the intersection, he heard and felt the crash. He thought he was over the center line when his truck was hit. He got out of the truck and ran over to the motorcyclist. He tried to comfort him and keep those people arriving at the scene from moving him until the ambulance came. Defendant recalled a second officer coming up to him and shining a flashlight in his eyes which he tried to push away.\nDefendant\u2019s wife testified defendant has high blood pressure. When he gets upset or emotional, his face turns red and his eyes get puffy. He also starts stuttering and saying things backwards. She also testified he has a \u201clazy eye\u201d condition in his right eye and is a chronic nail biter.\nDefendant argues in his first point on appeal that his conviction for driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor cannot stand because of insufficient evidence. The State counters that only defendant\u2019s conviction for reckless homicide is properly before this court because defendant was never sentenced on his conviction for driving under the influence. The State reasons a judgment in a criminal case is not final until sentence has been pronounced (see People v. Allen (1978), 71 111. 2d 378, 381, 375 N.E.2d 1283, 1284; People v. Dean (1978), 61 111. App. 3d 612, 618, 378 N.E.2d 248, 253) and appeals can only be taken from a final judgment (see 103 111. 2d R.606(b)). The State concludes this cause, therefore, should be remanded in part to the circuit court of St. Clair County with instructions to enter sentence on defendant\u2019s conviction for driving under the influence. See People v. Dean (1978), 61 111. App. 3d 612, 619-20, 378 N.E.2d 248, 253-54.\n\u2022 1, 2 A judgment of guilty in a criminal case becomes final when sentence is imposed. (People v. Dean (1978), 61 111. App. 3d 612, 618, 378 N.E.2d 248, 253.) And, until a sentence is imposed, the judgment cannot be appealed. (See People ex rel. Filkin v. Flessner (1971), 48 111. 2d 54, 56, 268 N.E.2d 376, 377.) There exists, however, an exception to this rule. When a case is properly on appeal from a final judgment on another offense, the reviewing court may also review the appealed conviction of an offense for which no sentence was imposed. (E.g., People v. Dixon (1984), 122 111. App. 3d 141, 148, 460 N.E.2d 858, 862.) If the reviewing court acts to affirm the incomplete judgment of conviction, the reviewing court then must remand the cause for imposition of sentence. People v. Dean (1978), 61 111. App. 3d 612, 619-20, 378 N.E.2d 248, 254.\nDefendant appeals both convictions, one of which is a final appeal-able judgment. We, therefore, may consider defendant\u2019s contentions even though the State argues the appeal is not properly before us. See People v. Zuniga (1981), 99 111. App. 3d 396, 400, 425 N.E.2d 1094, 1097-98.\nDefendant claims there was insufficient evidence to support the guilty verdict rendered by the jury on the offense of driving under the influence of alcohol. Specifically, defendant argues the results of the breathalyzer test were invalid because no attempt was made to show compliance with the requirements of section 11.501.2 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (111. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 951/2, par. 11 \u2014 501.2) and because no attempt was made to put the \u201c.21%\u201d reading into any meaningful context. Defendant believes this lack of foundation for the breathalyzer test and lack of testimony relating the blood-alcohol reading to the effect of alcohol on a driver \u201crenders the intoxilyzer evidence of no probative value\u201d and constitutes a \u201cmaterial failure of proof.\" Defendant further argues the testimony of those officers who observed defendant after the accident, as well as his own admission of drinking alcohol that evening, cannot support a conviction for driving under the influence given his and his wife's explanations for his behavior and reactions that night.\nDefendant has waived the issue of the admissibility of the results of the breathalyzer test. Defendant made no objection at trial. The failure to object at trial to the introduction of evidence is a waiver of that objection. (People v. Baynes (1981), 88 Ill. 2d 225, 230-31, 430 N.E.2d 1070, 1072; People v. Carlson (1980), 79 Ill. 2d 564, 576, 404 N.E.2d 233, 238.) We cannot allow defendant to profit through his own failure to act, whether that act be intentional or inadvertent, by considering his contention on appeal in the absence of any error substantially affecting his rights when that error could have been corrected or properly handled at trial. (See 79 Ill. 2d 564, 577, 404 N.E.2d 233, 239.) We also note that even without considering the breathalyzer test, the testimony of the three officers who observed defendant both at the accident scene and at the St. Clair County jail was sufficient to sustain defendant's conviction for driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor. See People v. Fowler (1981), 98 Ill. App. 3d 202, 204, 423 N.E .2d 1356, 1357; People v. Winfield (1975), 30 Ill. App. 3d 668, 671, 332 N.E.2d 634, 637.\nDefendant also argues there was insufficient evidence to support his conviction for reckless homicide. We disagree.\nA person commits the offense of reckless homicide when that person driving a motor vehicle does an act or acts which caused the death of another person, were likely to cause death or great bodily harm to another person, and were performed recklessly. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 38, par. 9-3(a).) Recklessness is a conscious disregard of\" `a substantial and unjustifiable risk that circumstances exist or that a resi\u00f1t will follow, ***, and such disregard constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care which a reasonable person would exervise in the situation *** \" (People v. Davis (1982), 105 Ill. App. 3d 129, 434 N.E.2d 13, 16, quoting Ill. Rev. Stat 1979, ch. 38, par. 4-6.) Evidence of a driver's intoxication is probative on the issue of recklessness. (105 Ill. App. 3d 129, 133, 434 N.E.2d 13, 16.) If the driver is under the influence of intoxication liquors and the evidence reveals his driving violation caused the death of another individual, the violation is reckless within the meaning of the statute. 105 Ill. App. 3d 129, 133, 434 N.E.2d 13, 16.\nThe evidence of defendant's intoxication was more than sufficient to support his conviction. The testing requirements of section 11 \u2014 501.2 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 951/2, par. 11 \u2014 501.2) do not apply to prosecutions for reckless homicide. (People v. Murphy (1985), 108 Ill. 2d 228, 232, 483 N.E.2d 1288, 1289; People v. Hartwick (1984), 128 Ill. App. 3d 272, 275, 470 N.E.2d 606, 608.) Consequently, only the reliability of the test results in accordance with common law principles applicable to scientific evidence in general is at issue. (See People v. Murphy (1985), 108 Ill. 2d 228, 234, 236, 483 N.E.2d 1288, 1290, 1291; People v. Hartwick (1984), 128 Ill. App. 3d 272, 275, 470 N.E.2d 606, 609.) The evidence in the record reveals the reliability of the breathalyzer test results in this instance. The test was given within two hours of the accident. The machine was functioning properly and its readings were accurate. And, the officer administering the test was properly qualified. Moreover, defendant has not made any claim or offered any evidence that the test was not properly conducted. (See People v. Casper (1981), 97 Ill. App. 3d 787, 789, 423 N.E.2d 510, 512.) We find no error in allowing into evidence the results of defendant\u2019s breathalyzer test with respect to the reckless-homicide prosecution.\nIn addition, there was also ample evidence on the record through the three officers\u2019 testimony and defendant\u2019s own admission to support the reckless-homicide conviction. (See People v. Davis (1982), 105 Ill. App. 3d 129, 132-33, 434 N.E.2d 13, 16.) Defendant posited other explanations for his behavior and appearance on that night, but such conflicts in the evidence are for the jury to resolve. See 105 Ill. App. 3d 129, 134, 434 N.E.2d 13, 17; People v. Winfield (1975), 30 Ill. App. 3d 668, 672, 332 N.E.2d 634, 638.\nThe victim died as a result of injuries he received when his motorcycle collided with defendant\u2019s pickup truck. Defendant, under the influence of intoxicating liquor, drove his truck into the path of the motorcycle. The victim had not been drinking, and the accident occurred in his lane of traffic. Defendant\u2019s driving violation clearly caused the victim\u2019s death amounting to reckless homicide.\nDefendant argues in his third point on appeal that the trial court erred in allowing the accident-reconstruction expert to testify to the time and distance the victim traveled from his point of departure to the time and place of the accident. The expert gathered this information in part from the victim\u2019s girlfriend, the last witness to see the victim alive. Defendant contends this testimony was neither relevant nor material and, therefore, its admission into evidence was prejudicial.\nRelevant evidence is that evidence which has any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without that evidence. (People v. Free (1983), 94 Ill. 2d 378, 413, 447 N.E.2d 218, 235, cert. denied (1983), 464 U.S. 865, 78 L. Ed. 2d 175, 104 S. Ct. 200.) The testimony pertaining to the victim\u2019s departure time and distance traveled falls into this category. This evidence tended to prove the victim\u2019s driving did not contribute to the victim\u2019s death, making it more probable that defendant\u2019s driving violation caused the victim\u2019s death. As such, the expert\u2019s testimony was both relevant and admissible. More importantly, even if the admission of this testimony was error, it was harmless error. The expert\u2019s opinion as to the speed of the motorcycle at the time of the collision was also based on the length of the skid marks and the nature and severity of the damage to the vehicles. The challenged testimony merely was cumulative of other properly admitted evidence, and therefore its admission, if error, was harmless. (Cf. People v. Wilkerson (1981), 87 Ill. 2d 151, 157-58, 429 N.E.2d 526, 528-29.) A trial need only be devoid of prejudicial error. People v. Warmack (1980), 83 Ill. 2d 112, 129, 413 N.E.2d 1254, 1262.\nDefendant\u2019s objection to the testimony concerning the route driven by the victim on the ground of hearsay was not raised at trial and will not now be considered on appeal. See People v. Goree (1983), 115 Ill. App. 3d 157, 160, 450 N.E.2d 342, 344.\nDefendant\u2019s final argument is that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to declare a mistrial after certain remarks were made by a venireman before the venire in its entirety.\nDuring the course of voir dire, one venireman repeatedly indicated that he could not be fair and impartial because of his past employment as a police officer and because of his association with the testifying officers and defense counsel. When the venire was asked if there was anyone who would tend to believe a police officer\u2019s testimony over and above that of an ordinary individual just because he is a police officer, this same venireman replied: \u201cHaving worked with the guys here and knowing what they have to go through to get a case through the State\u2019s Attorney\u2019s Office, I would have to go along with them.\u201d No other member of the venire responded, and the court continued with its examination. At the conclusion of voir dire, defendant moved for a mistrial. The trial court denied the motion, stating that it had the opportunity to observe the reaction of the other veniremen and \u201cif by his conduct or statements [he] has prejudiced the other jurors against anybody *** it prejudiced them against him.\u201d\nWe see no abuse of discretion in this instance. The trial court\u2019s voir dire was thorough and complete. No other venireman indicated any actual bias or partiality against defendant in favor of the officers. The existence of any prejudice arising from the venireman\u2019s comments is entirely speculative. (See People v. Newbury (1972), 53 Ill. 2d 228, 241, 290 N.E.2d 592, 599. See also People v. Hyche (1979), 77 Ill. 2d 229, 396 N.E.2d 6.) Defendant was not denied his right to a trial before a fair and impartial jury, and we see no reason to reverse the trial court\u2019s decision.\nFor the aforementioned reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of St. Clair County convicting defendant of reckless homicide and driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor. We further remand defendant\u2019s conviction for driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor for the imposition of sentence.\nAffirmed and remanded.\nKASSERMAN and WELCH, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE KARNS"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Stephen R. Rice, of Rice Law Offices, of Belleville, for appellant.",
      "John Baricevic, State\u2019s Attorney, of Belleville (Kenneth R. Boyle and Stephen E. Norris, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Service Commission, and Warren N. Loar IV, of counsel), for the People."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. STEVEN R. FRANTZ, Defendant-Appellant.\nFifth District\nNo. 5\u201485\u20140411\nOpinion filed December 8, 1986.\nStephen R. Rice, of Rice Law Offices, of Belleville, for appellant.\nJohn Baricevic, State\u2019s Attorney, of Belleville (Kenneth R. Boyle and Stephen E. Norris, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Service Commission, and Warren N. Loar IV, of counsel), for the People."
  },
  "file_name": "0296-01",
  "first_page_order": 318,
  "last_page_order": 326
}
