{ "id": 3646906, "name": "LABORER'S INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA, LOCAL 1280, Petitioner, v. ILLINOIS STATE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD et al., Respondents", "name_abbreviation": "Laborer's International Union of North America v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board", "decision_date": "1987-04-09", "docket_number": "No. 5\u201485\u20140313", "first_page": "1045", "last_page": "1064", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "154 Ill. App. 3d 1045" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "96 N.E.2d 482", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "484" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "408 Ill. 79", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2642414 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "83" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/408/0079-01" ] }, { "cite": "452 N.E.2d 118", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "121" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "116 Ill. App. 3d 471", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3518523 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "475" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/116/0471-01" ] }, { "cite": "56 N.E.2d 761", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "764" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "387 Ill. 471", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2496569 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "478" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/387/0471-01" ] }, { "cite": "576 F. Supp. 844", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F. Supp.", "case_ids": [ 6048079 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "847" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f-supp/576/0844-01" ] }, { "cite": "36 N.E. 81", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "148 Ill. 357", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 3059641 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/148/0357-01" ] }, { "cite": "437 N.E.2d 1307", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1312" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "107 Ill. App. 3d 721", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3024951 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "727" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/107/0721-01" ] }, { "cite": "425 N.E.2d 15", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "18" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "99 Ill. App. 3d 25", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3101848 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "28" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/99/0025-01" ] }, { "cite": "452 N.E.2d 760", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "762" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "117 Ill. App. 3d 14", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3483168 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "16" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/117/0014-01" ] }, { "cite": "446 N.E.2d 1217", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1219" }, { "page": "1220" }, { "page": "1219" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "113 Ill. App. 3d 151", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3626466 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "154" }, { "page": "155" }, { "page": "154" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/113/0151-01" ] }, { "cite": "422 N.E.2d 205", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "207" }, { "page": "208" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "96 Ill. App. 3d 966", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 12144758 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "969" }, { "page": "969" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/96/0966-01" ] }, { "cite": "451 N.E.2d 942", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "944" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "116 Ill. App. 3d 476", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3519631 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "478" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/116/0476-01" ] }, { "cite": "466 N.E.2d 696", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "699" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "125 Ill. App. 3d 774", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3632751 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "778" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/125/0774-01" ] }, { "cite": "111 N.E.2d 345", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1958, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "348" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "414 Ill. 475", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5314328 ], "year": 1958, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "481-82" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/414/0475-01" ] }, { "cite": "376 U.S. 473", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 379671 ], "weight": 6, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "479" }, { "page": "853-54" }, { "page": "898" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/376/0473-01" ] }, { "cite": "308 U.S. 401", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6140932 ], "weight": 18, "year": 1964, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "405" }, { "page": "350" }, { "page": "302" }, { "page": "406" }, { "page": "350-51" }, { "page": "302" }, { "page": "407-08" }, { "page": "351-52" }, { "page": "303" }, { "page": "409" }, { "page": "352" }, { "page": "304" }, { "page": "411-12" }, { "page": "353-54" }, { "page": "305" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/308/0401-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1270, "char_count": 45825, "ocr_confidence": 0.765, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.143014216246492e-07, "percentile": 0.9112260985099904 }, "sha256": "14befbe7269dc1fde17b3c966f133579956f13e94aeb78fdad3f3ddb5d07a702", "simhash": "1:8fd41ab48e273cee", "word_count": 7637 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:36:22.457227+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "LABORER\u2019S INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA, LOCAL 1280, Petitioner, v. ILLINOIS STATE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD et al., Respondents." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE KASSERMAN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe instant appeal is a direct review of an order of the Illinois State Labor Relations Board. On April 5, 1985, the Illinois State Labor Relations Board (Board) issued a final written decision dismissing the representation petition of Laborer\u2019s International Union of North America, Local 1280 (union), finding that the Board was without jurisdiction in the matter. On May 8, 1985, the union filed its timely petition for review of that decision. The city of Robinson, Illinois (city), and the Board have moved to dismiss the union\u2019s petition for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Pursuant to our order of June 28, 1985, the issues raised by those motions were ordered to be taken with the case. Accordingly, before addressing the facts and merits of this appeal, we shall direct our attention first to the issue of subject matter jurisdiction.\nBoth the Board and the city contend that this court should not and cannot reach the merits of the union\u2019s appeal because this court lacks jurisdiction of the subject matter of the case for the reason that the instant action does not involve an unfair-labor-practice charge and is therefore not reviewable pursuant to section 11(e) of the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act (Act or State Act) (111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1601 et seq.). The city and the Board (respondents) contend that pursuant to the Act, only matters involving an unfair-labor-practice charge are reviewable and that representation/certification proceedings are not.\nThis is a matter of first impression in Illinois. In addressing this matter, we turn first to section 11 of the Act, which provides in pertinent part as follows:\n\u201cSec. 11. Unfair Labor Practice Procedures.\nUnfair labor practices may be dealt with by the Board in the following manner:\n* * *\n(e) A charging party or any person aggrieved by a final order of the Board granting or denying in whole or in part the relief sought may apply for and obtain judicial review of an order of the Board entered under this Act, in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Review Law, as now or hereafter amended, except that such judicial review shall be afforded directly in the appellate court for the district in which the aggrieved party resides or transacts business. The Board in proceedings under this Section may obtain an order of the court for the enforcement of its order.\n(f) Whenever it appears that any person has violated a final order of the Board issued pursuant to this Section, the Board must commence an action in the name of the People of the State of Illinois by petition, alleging the violation, attaching a copy of the order of the Board, and praying for the issuance of an order directing the person, his officers, agents, servants, successors, and assigns to comply with the order of the Board. The Board shall be represented in this action by the Attorney General in accordance with \u2018An Act in regard to attorneys general and state\u2019s attorneys\u2019, approved March 26, 1874, as amended. The court may grant or refuse, in whole or in part, the relief sought, provided that the court may stay an order of the Board in accordance with the Administrative Review Law, pending disposition of the proceedings. The court may punish a violation of its order as in civil contempt.\n(g) The proceedings provided in paragraph (f) of this Section shall be commenced in the circuit court in the county where the unfair labor practice which is the subject of the Board\u2019s order was committed, or where a person required to cease and desist by such order resides or transacts business.\u201d (111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, pars. 1611(e), (f), (g).)\nThe city and the Board assert that the only mention of a review of Board orders is found in section 11(e) of the Act, which the city and the Board contend deals exclusively with the procedure to be used in unfair-labor-practice disputes. The city and Board urge that the placement of this clause is not fortuitous, but rather is based upon the clear intent of the legislature to follow the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) (29 U.S.C. secs. 151 through 168 (1982)) precedent.\nThe city and the Board contend that section 11 of the State Act is analogous to section 10 of the NLRA (29 U.S.C. sec. 160 (1980)). Except for certain unusual cases, the NLRA has been consistently interpreted to allow review of representation/certification proceedings only by way of a party\u2019s resistance to an unfair-labor-practice charge. (See AFL v. NLRB (1940), 308 U.S. 401, 84 L.E. 347, 60 S. Ct. 300; Boire v. Greyhound Corp. (1964), 376 U.S. 473, 11 L. Ed. 2d 849, 84 S. Ct. 894.) In AFL v. NLRB, the Supreme Court noted that the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) was given two principal functions to perform by the NLRA: (1) the certification of bargaining representatives for an appropriate unit of employees (29 U.S.C. sec. 159 (1982)) and (2) the prevention of unfair labor practices (29 U.S.C. sec. 160 (1982)). (AFL v. NLRB (1940), 308 U.S. 401, 405, 84 L. Ed. 347, 350, 60 S. Ct. 300, 302.) The Supreme Court noted that the section of the NLRA which dealt with certification made no provision for review of such certifications, except in the single case where there was a petition for enforcement or review of an order restraining an unfair labor practice. (308 U.S. 401, 406, 84 L. Ed. 347, 350-51, 60 S. Ct. 300, 302. ) The court noted that all the other provisions for review were to be found in section 10 of the NLRA (29 U.S.C. sec. 160 (1982)) which deals, exclusively, with unfair labor practices. The court then focused on section 10(f) of the NLRA, which deals with the review of unfair-labor-practice orders. The court noted that subsection (f) spoke only of a \u201cfinal order of the Board\u201d and that it was silent as to representation/ certification proceedings. The court also noted that the statute established venue in the circuit court of appeal \u201cwherein the unfair labor practice in question was alleged to have been engaged in or wherein such person resides or transacts business.\u201d (AFL v. NLRB (1940), 308 U.S. 401, 407-08, 84 L. Ed. 347, 351-52, 60 S. Ct. 300, 303. ) The court then found that it was:\n\u201cevident that the entire structure of the Act emphasizes, for purposes of review, the distinction between an \u2018order\u2019 of the Board restraining an unfair labor practice and a certification in representation proceedings.*** [Certification] authorized by section 9, is nowhere spoken of as an order, and no procedure is prescribed for its review apart from an order prohibiting an unfair labor practice.*** The statute on its face thus indicates a purpose to limit the review afforded by section 10 to orders of the Board prohibiting unfair labor practices, a purpose and a construction which its legislative history confirms.\u201d (308 U.S. 401, 409, 84 L. Ed. 347, 352, 60 S. Ct. 300, 304.)\nThe court recognized that this procedure of indirect review of certification procedures by way of unfair-labor-practice proceedings could cause some peculiar hardships, but also noted that this was an issue to be addressed by Congress and not the courts. 308 U.S. 401, 411-12, 84 L. Ed. 347, 353-54, 60 S. Ct. 300, 305.\nThe city and Board, respondents, contend that the reasoning of the Supreme Court in AFL v. NLRB is applicable to the instant action. Respondents contend that the Illinois State Labor Relations Board is also a \u201cdual-purpose\u201d Board in that section 9 of the State Act, which deals with the process of certification in representation proceedings, is complete unto itself and contains no provision for review, while sections 10 and 11 of the Act, on the other hand, deal with what are unfair labor practices and the procedures for dealing with them and provide for review in subsection (e) of section 11. Respondents contend that the language and the very structure of the Act make it clear that the State legislature intended to limit review of Board orders to cases involving unfair-labor-practice charges and that \u201cfinal orders\u201d for the purpose of judicial review must be limited to proceedings actually brought pursuant to and properly within section 11 of the Act. Respondents conclude that inasmuch as the instant action is in no way related to an unfair-labor-practice proceeding, this court lacks subject matter jurisdiction to consider the matter.\nWe note initially that the Federal courts\u2019 interpretations of a Federal statute are not binding upon the Illinois courts or legislature although when the State legislature passes a State statute based upon a Federal statute, the statute can presumably be interpreted in conformity with the decisions of the Federal courts rendered prior to the adoption of the statute. Further, it may be presumed that the legislature adopted the language it did with knowledge of the construction previously enunciated in the Federal courts. (See Commonwealth Life & Accident Insurance Co. v. Board of Review of Department of Labor (1953), 414 Ill. 475, 481-82, 111 N.E.2d 345, 348; see also 34 Ill. L. & Prac. Statutes sec. 135, at 128 (1958).) However, the converse of these principles of statutory construction is also true. Since it may be presumed that the legislature had knowledge of the Federal courts\u2019 construction of the Federal statute, the intent of the State legislature can be derived not only from the language actually adopted, but also from the language which was changed or not adopted. The fact that the State legislature specifically declined to adopt a certain section of the model Federal statute evidences an intent to achieve a result different from that announced by the decisions of the Federal courts.\nOur review of the specific sections of the State Act and the NLRA which are pertinent to the issues herein discloses key dissimilarities. The first dissimilarity between the two acts is found in the respective provisions concerning appeals of orders of the respective boards. Section 11(e) of the State Act provides in pertinent part:\n\u201cA charging party or any person aggrieved by a final order of the Board granting or denying in whole or in part the relief sought may apply for and obtain judicial review of an order of the Board entered under this Act, in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Review Law, as now or hereafter amended, except that such judicial review shall be afforded directly in the appellate court for the district in which the aggrieved party resides or transacts business.\u201d (Emphasis added.) (111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1611(e).)\nThe analogous provision in the NLRA is section 10(f), which provides in pertinent part:\n\u201cAny person aggrieved by a final order of the board granting or denying in whole or in part the relief sought may obtain a review of such order in any United States court of appeals in the circuit wherein the unfair labor practice in question was alleged to have been engaged in or wherein such person resides or transacts business ***.\u201d (29 U.S.C. sec. 160(f) (1982).)\nThe modification of section 10(f) of the NLRA by the State legislature indicates an intent not to restrict the appeal process enacted in section 11(e) of the State Act to apply only to final orders pertaining to unfair-labor-practice charges. The State legislature specifically provided that any person aggrieved by a final order of the Board entered under the Act can appeal.\nAdditional evidence of an intent not to restrict the appeal process is found in subsections (f) and (g) of section 11 of the State Act, which are specifically restricted to enforcement of violations of \u201ca final order of the Board issued pursuant to this Section.\u201d In such case, the action \u201cshall be commenced in the circuit court in the county where the unfair labor practice which is the subject of the Board\u2019s order was committed.\u201d (111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, pars. 1611(f), (g).) Subparagraphs (f) and (g) of section 11 specifically pertain to enforcement of violations of final orders of the Board under section 11 pertaining to unfair labor practices. However, section 11(e) pertains to judicial review of final orders of the Board \u201centered under this Act.\u201d The State legislature thus purposefully did not adopt the language of section 10(f) of the NLRA in section 11(e), but could clearly have done so, as they did in sections 11(f) and (g).\nThe second dissimilarity between the State Act and the NLRA involves section 9(d) of the NLRA. Section 9(d) of the NLRA provides in pertinent part:\n\u201cWhenever an order of the Board made pursuant to section 160(c) of this title [prevention of unfair labor practices] is based in whole or in part upon facts certified following an investigation pursuant to subsection (c) of this section [representatives and elections] and there is a petition for the enforcement or review of such order, such certification and the record of such investigation shall be included in the transcript of the entire record required to be filed under subsection (e) or (f) of section 160 of this title [prevention of unfair labor practices], and thereupon the decree of the court enforcing, modifying, or setting aside in whole or in part the order of the Board shall be made and entered upon the pleadings, testimony, and proceedings set forth in such transcript.\u201d (29 U.S.C. sec. 159(d) (1982).)\nThe Supreme Court, in both the AFL v. NLRB case and the Boire case, relied upon this section of the NLRA in finding that Congress explicitly intended an indirect method of obtaining judicial review of certification proceedings by allowing the review only where the dispute concerning the correctness of the certification results in a finding by the Board that an unfair labor practice had been committed. The Supreme Court in Boire, after reviewing the legislative history, stated that the congressional policy for the indirect review was to prevent dilatory tactics in representation proceedings which might adversely affect the position of the parties in an election. Boire v. Greyhound Corp. (1964), 376 U.S. 473, 479, 11 L. Ed. 2d 849, 853-54, 84 S. Ct. 894, 898.\nIn reviewing the State Act, we find no provision which corresponds to section 9(d) of the NLRA indicating that the State legislature chose not to enact a similar provision, thus evidencing its intent to reach a result different than that arrived at under the NLRA. Inasmuch as AFL v. NLRB and Boire both rely upon section 9(d) of the NLRA for the result which they reached, we find them distinguishable. We accordingly find that if the decision of the Board issued on April 5, 1985, is a final order of the Board, this court has jurisdiction in the instant case pursuant to section 11(e) of the State Act.\nWe note that the union brings this action pursuant to the provisions of the Administrative Review Law (HI. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 3 \u2014 101 et seq.). Section 3 \u2014 102 of the Administrative Review Law provides that the Act applies to and governs every action to judicially review a final decision of any administrative agency where the act creating such agency, by express reference, adopts the provisions of the Administrative Review Law (El. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 3\u2014 102). We note that the Blinois Public Labor Relations Act adopts the provisions of the Administrative Review Law in section 11(e) (Bl. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1611(e)). Furthermore, article VI, section 6, of the 1970 Constitution of the State of Blinois grants jurisdiction to the appellate court to directly review administrative decisions when provided by law. (111. Const. 1970, art. VI, sec. 6.) Additionally, Blinois Supreme Court Rule 335 sets forth the procedure for direct appeals of administrative decisions to the appellate court. (103 Ill. 2d R. 335.) Our jurisdiction is therefore determined by whether the decision of the Blinois State Labor Relations Board issued on April 5, 1985, is a final order of the Board.\nSection 3 \u2014 101 of the Administrative Review Law provides in pertinent part:\n\u201c \u2018Administrative decision\u2019 or \u2018decision\u2019 means any decision, order or determination of any administrative agency rendered in a particular case, which affects the legal rights, duties or privileges of parties and which terminates the proceedings before the administrative agency ***.\u201d (111. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 3-101.)\nAs there is no dispute as to the status of the Blinois State Labor Relations Board as an administrative agency as defined by the Administrative Review Law, we must determine whether the decision of the Board issued on April 5, 1985, is a final \u201cadministrative decision\u201d as defined in the Administrative Review Law. We note that the finality of an administrative decision under section 3 \u2014 101 depends upon whether the agency\u2019s rules permit petitions for rehearings of their decisions. If the agency\u2019s rules permit a petition for rehearing, the agency\u2019s decision will not be final until the rehearing is completed or the petition for rehearing is denied. (See Reiter v. Neilis (1984), 125 Ill. App. 3d 774, 778, 466 N.E.2d 696, 699.) Inasmuch as the rules of the Board do not set forth any provisions for petitions for rehearing, this exception set forth in the Administrative Review Law is inapplicable to the case at bar.\nWe find that the decision of the Board issued April 5, 1985, is a final administrative decision which adversely affected the rights of the union and \u25a0 terminated the proceedings before the Board. The Board dismissed the representation petition which had been filed by the union and dismissed the case. The Board ruled that it had no jurisdiction in the matter and, therefore, not having jurisdiction, the Board could not conduct any proceedings whatsoever. There is no further Board action which could be taken in the matter, and accordingly we find that the April 5, 1985, decision of the Board was a final order of the Board which is reviewable pursuant to section 11(e) of the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act. Having found that we have subject matter jurisdiction in this matter, we now turn to the merits of the case.\nThe relevant facts are as follows: On August 6, 1984, the Laborer\u2019s International Union of North America, Local 1280, filed a petition with the Illinois State Labor Relations Board seeking to certify the union as the representative of certain employees of the city of Robinson. The petition proposed a 14-employee unit, described as follows: \u201cAll full and part time maintenance and mechanic employees of the Street Department and Sanitation Department; janitor for the Community Center Building and secretary for the city employed at the City Hall, except those excluded by the Act.\u201d\nOn September 7, 1984, the city moved to dismiss the union\u2019s representation petition, alleging that section 20(b) of the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act deprived the Board of jurisdiction as the city did not employ 25 \u201cemployees\u201d as that term was defined by section 3(m) of the Act (111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1603(m)). On December 17, 1984, the city provided the Board with a list of all of its employees and the reason claimed by the city that individual employees were excluded as \u201cpublic employees\u201d pursuant to section 3(m) of the Act. Of the 98 employees listed, the city claimed the following exclusions: 11 employees were excluded as elected officials; one employee excluded as an independent contractor; seven employees on the sole ground that they were peace officers; 31 employees on the sole ground they were firefighters; two employees on the sole ground that they were confidential employees; nine employees on combined grounds that they were managerial/confidential/supervisory/department heads/peace officers or firefighters; and 27 employees excluded as short-term employees. The remaining 10 employees whom the city did not claim to be excluded from the definition of public employees were listed as a janitor and also as individuals working for the street and sewer departments of the city.\nOn January 11, 1985, a hearing on the union\u2019s petition was held in Springfield pursuant to the Act and the rules and regulations of the Illinois Labor Relations Board before a hearing officer duly appointed by the Board. At that hearing, the parties stipulated to the following facts:\n1. That the city of. Robinson is a public employer within the meaning of section 3(n) of the Act. By so stipulating, however, the city did not waive its contention that it does not employ 25 public employees as that term is defined in section 3(m) of the Act and that, therefore, it is not subject to the jurisdiction of the Board.\n2. That the union is a labor organization within the meaning of section 3(i) of the Act.\n3. That there is no history of collective bargaining in the petitioned-for unit and that there is no contract bar to the holding of an election in the unit.\n4. That the following individuals were elected officials and, therefore, excluded from the definition of public employee within the meaning of section 3(m) of the Act: Mayor Richard Morris; Aldermen Robert Berty, John Goff, William McMillen, Robert Manning, David Saad, Terry Schmidt, and Jimmy Rogers; City Clerk Norma Mutchmore; and Treasurer JoAnn Flynn.\nAt the hearing, testimony was elicited concerning the respective employment duties of most, if not all, of the city\u2019s employees. A detailed recitation of the respective duties of all of the employees is not necessary for purposes of this appeal; therefore, we shall limit our discussion to those positions in dispute.\nThe only witness at the hearing was Richard Morris, the mayor of the city of Robinson. Mr. Morris testified concerning the city\u2019s hiring of part-time help in the summer in the street, sewer, and parks departments. Part-time employees hired for the summer are not guaranteed a job the following year with the city but must reapply as a new employee. In deciding whether to rehire such an individual, consideration would be given an employee who had worked for the city on a part-time basis previously if they had been a good employee. There was a high possibility that individuals working in the parks department during the summer months at the city swimming pool would be rehired due to the State requirement that such individuals have senior lifesaving certificates. All eight lifeguards employed in the 1984 summer season or on a part-time basis were previously employed in the 1983 season. Of the four individuals listed as working part time in the 1984 summer season with the street department, two had worked in 1983. Of the three employees listed as working part time in the 1984 summer season with the sewer department, all three previously had worked in 1983 for the city.\nMr. Morris was unable to state whether the city would agree to permit its supervisory employees to form a bargaining unit should they so request.\nOn February 26, 1985, the hearing officer\u2019s recommended decision and direction of election was issued. The hearing officer ruled that the city employed fewer than 25 \u201cpublic employees\u201d as that term is defined in section 3(m) of the Act. In making this determination, the hearing officer excluded the elected officials, police officers, firefighters, attorney, zoning administrator, community center director, and fire and police chiefs, in that it was uncontradicted that they were excluded from the definition of \u201cpublic employee.\u201d The hearing officer also excluded all 27 part-time employees in the street, sewer, and parks departments, finding that they were short-term employees.\nIn this regard, section 3(m) of the Act provides as follows:\n\u201c3. Definitions: As used in this Act, unless the context otherwise requires:\n* * *\n(m) \u2018Public employee\u2019 or \u2018employee\u2019, for the purposes of this Act, means any individual employed by a public employer, including interns and residents at public hospitals, but excluding all of the following: elected officials; executive heads of a department; members of boards or commissions; employees of any agency, board or commission created by this statute; non-State peace officers; all peace officers in the State Department of Law Enforcement; non-State firefighters and paramedics employed by fire departments and fire protection districts; employees appointed to State positions of a temporary or emergency nature; all employees of school districts and higher education institutions; managerial employees; short-term employees; confidential employees; independent contractors; and supervisors except as provided in this Act.\u201d 111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1603(m).\nSection 20(b) of the Act specifically excludes from its jurisdiction \u201cunits of local government employing less than 25 employees.\u201d (111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1620(b).) Thus, the question with which the hearing officer was faced was whether the definition of \u201cemployee\u201d in section 3(m) was the definition that should be applied to the word \u201cemployees\u201d in section 20(b) or whether, as argued by the union, those individuals employed by the city in any capacity should be counted under section 20(b) for purposes of the jurisdictional count of 25 employees. The hearing officer accepted, and recommended that the Board accept, the union\u2019s argument, finding that while the city employed fewer than 25 public employees as defined in section 3(m) of the Act, the city was subject to the Board\u2019s jurisdiction in that it employed more than 25 \u201cindividual\u201d employees.\nThe city thereafter filed timely exceptions to the hearing officer\u2019s recommended decision, and amici curiae briefs were filed by the Illinois Municipal League and the Du Page Mayors and Managers Conference, Inc., the Illinois Public Employer Labor Relations Association, and the Chicago Federation of Labor and the Illinois State Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations.\nOn April 5, 1985, the Illinois State Labor Relations Board accepted the findings of fact contained in the hearing officer\u2019s recommended decision, but rejected the conclusions of law and dismissed the union\u2019s representation petition for lack of jurisdiction. The Board held that insofar as the city employed fewer than 25 public employees, section 20(b) of the Act specifically excluded the city from the Board\u2019s jurisdiction. The union thereafter filed its timely petition for review on May 8,1985.\nWe note initially that the function of a court in reviewing administrative decisions is well settled in Illinois. Although we are not formally bound by administrative decisions interpreting the legal effect of statutory language, we will give the administrative agency\u2019s conclusion great weight in arriving at our own statutory construction. (Whitley v. Board of Review (1983), 116 Ill. App. 3d 476, 478, 451 N.E.2d 942, 944.) We also note that the standard of review in a proceeding brought pursuant to the Administrative Review Law is defined by that law. Section 3 \u2014 110 (111. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 3 \u2014 110) provides in pertinent part:\n\u201cThe hearing and determination shall extend to all questions of law and of fact presented by the entire record before the court. No new or additional evidence in support of or in opposition to any finding, order, determination or decision of the administrative agency shall be heard by the court. The findings and conclusions of the administrative agency on questions of fact shall be held to be prima facie true and correct.\u201d\nWith these principles in mind, the Board asserts that its interpretation of section 20(b) of the Act, when read in conjunction with section 3(m) of the Act, is reasonable, is in accordance with the legislative intent as indicated by the language of the Act, and is, therefore, correct and should be adopted by this court.\nSection 20(b) of the Act specifically excludes from the Act\u2019s jurisdiction \u201cunits of local government employing less than 25 employees.\u201d The question which faced the hearing officer and the State Labor Relations Board, and which we now face, is whether the definition of \u201cemployees\u201d in section 3(m), with all its various inclusions and exclusions, is the definition that should be applied to the word \u201cemployees\u201d in section 20(b) of the Act or whether, as argued by the union, some other usage of the word \u201cemployee\u201d should apply for purposes of the jurisdictional count. The Board and the city contend that the employees referred to in section 20(b) of the Act are those employees defined by section 3(m) of the Act and not all employees in a generic sense as argued by the union.\nIt is well settled that statutory language must be given its plain, ordinary meaning and, in enforcing statutory provisions, courts cannot legislate, but must interpret the law as announced by the legislature. (Chicago-Midwest Meat Association v. City of Evanston (1981), 96 Ill. App. 3d 966, 969, 422 N.E.2d 205, 207.) It is also well settled that the legislature has the power to articulate reasonable definitions of any terms within its enactment and that such definitions for the purposes of its acts will be sustained to the exclusion of hypothetical indulgences. (Mack v. Seaman (1983), 113 Ill. App. 3d 151, 154, 446 N.E.2d 1217, 1219.) If the legislative intent can be ascertained from the language of the statute, the language prevails and will be given effect; the court may not declare that the legislature did not mean what the plain language of the statute imports. (In re Application of People ex rel. Walgenbach (1983), 117 Ill. App. 3d 14, 16, 452 N.E.2d 760, 762.) The intent of the legislature should be sought principally from the language used in the statute which affords the best method of its exposition. (Brunke v. Board of Fire & Police Commissioners (1981), 99 Ill. App. 3d 25, 28, 425 N.E.2d 15, 18.) Stated otherwise, the specific words of the statute are the best indicators of the legislative intent behind the enactment. (Mack v. Seaman (1983), 113 Ill. App. 3d 151, 155, 446 N.E.2d 1217, 1220.) No rule of construction authorizes a court to decide that the legislature did not mean what the plain statutory language imports. Hill v. Butler (1982), 107 Ill. App. 3d 721, 727, 437 N.E.2d 1307, 1312.\nAlthough the entire Act could have been drafted with more clarity and internal consistency with regard to the issue before us, we find that the plain language of the Act, along with settled principles of statutory construction, require that the specific definition of \u201cemployee\u201d in section 3(m) of the Act must be the definition of \u201cemployee\u201d used in the jurisdictional provisions of section 20(b) of the Act and the Board\u2019s interpretation in this regard was correct.\nSection 3(m) of the Act provides that \u201c[a]s used in this Act, unless the context otherwise requires *** [the term] \u2018public employee\u2019 or \u2018employee,\u2019 for the purposes of this Act, means any individual employed by a public employer.\u201d It is noteworthy that the Act specifically excludes from the definition of \u201cemployee\u201d a variety of job classifications, including \u201csupervisors except as provided in this Act.\u201d (111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1603(m).) In section 3(r)(2) of the Act, the statute expands on that proviso and notes that if an employer chooses to recognize such a unit, supervisory employees may also form a bargaining unit and bargain under the terms of the Act (111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1603(4)(2)).\nAs a general rule of statutory construction, the statutory definition of words to be used elsewhere in the same statute furnishes official and authoritative evidence of legislative intent and meaning and should be given controlling effect. (1A A. Sutherland, Statutory Construction sec. 27.02 (4th ed. 1972 & Supp. 1983).) This rule is followed in Illinois. (See Mette v. Feltgen (1894), 148 Ill. 357, 36 N.E. 81.) Thus, the term \u201cemployee\u201d as used in section 20(b) of the Act must be construed in accordance with the specific definition given that term in section 3(m) of the Act. Consequently, in determining the number of \u201cemployees\u201d under section 20(b) of the Act, managers, executive heads, confidentials, supervisors, short-term employees, and the other employees expressly listed must be excluded from such a count because they are specifically excluded from the definition of \u201cemployee\u201d contained in section 3(m) of the Act. Where the definitional clause is clear, it should ordinarily control the meaning of words used in the remainder of the Act because of its authoritative nature. Mette v. Feltgen (1894), 148 Ill. 357, 36 N.E. 81; Tak Cheong Hau v. Moyer (N.D. Ill. 1983), 576 F. Supp. 844, 847.\nWhen an act defines the terms to be used in it, those terms must be construed according to the definitions given them in the act. (Krebs v. Thompson (1944), 387 Ill. 471, 478, 56 N.E.2d 761, 764.) Section 3(m) of the Act defines, \u201cfor purposes of this Act,\u201d the words \u201cpublic employee\u201d or \u201cemployee.\u201d By this subsection, the legislature is directing that the definition following both words be applied wherever either of the words is utilized in the entire Act, unless the context clearly requires otherwise. We find nothing in the context of section 20(b) of the Act that requires any other definition of the term \u201cemployee\u201d than that found in section 3(m) of the Act. To apply another definition than that found in section 3(m) of the Act would result in this court\u2019s legislating the provisions of the Act. The State Labor Relations Board recognized this by noting that the Board had no power to legislate and must take the law as it is. (Doran v. Department of Labor (1983), 116 Ill. App. 3d 471, 475, 452 N.E.2d 118, 121.) As noted by the Board, if it had adopted a \u201cgeneric sense\u201d definition of employees as asserted by the union, it would have been engaging in hypothetical indulgences, and such indulgences cannot override clear legislative language. (See Mack v. Seaman (1983), 113 Ill. App. 3d 151, 154, 446 N.E.2d 1217, 1219; Chicago-Midwest Meat Association v. City of Evanston (1981), 96 Ill. App. 3d 966, 969, 422 N.E.2d 205, 208.) We find that the Board cannot involve itself in deciding who will or who will not be included as \u201cemployees\u201d for the purposes of section 20(b) of the Act by ignoring the definition of \u201cemployees\u201d which is found in the Act itself. We cannot ignore the fact that the legislature has set forth a definition for the use of the word \u201cemployee\u201d in section 3(m) of the Act and that section 20(b) of the Act uses the term without modifying it. Rather than leave any doubt as to how the term \u201cemployee\u201d should be defined throughout the statute, the legislature specifically stated in section 3(m) that \u201c \u2018employee,\u2019 for the purposes of this Act means ***.\u201d Thus, the legislature has made it clear that when the word \u201cemployee\u201d or \u201cpublic employee\u201d is used in the Act, it means those individuals included in section 3(m) and specifically excludes those classifications not included in section 3(m). If the legislature had intended that all employees be counted for purposes of determining section 20(b)\u2019s jurisdictional limits, it could and would have expressly so provided. Finally, we note the general principle that requires that statutes which impose new liabilities or change the common law must be strictly construed. (Cedar Park Cemetery Association, Inc. v. Cooper (1951), 408 Ill. 79, 83, 96 N.E.2d 482, 484.) Inasmuch as the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act changes common law and imposes new liabilities upon public employers, we must interpret the Act narrowly.\nWe accordingly find that a reading of the plain language of the Act, along with settled principles of statutory construction, lead us to the conclusion that the Illinois State Labor Relations Board\u2019s interpretation of the word \u201cemployees\u201d in section 20(b) of the Act is correct and that the Board therefore did not err in dismissing the union\u2019s representation petition for lack of jurisdiction, assuming the Board did not err in its determination that the city did not employ 25 \u201cpublic employees.\u201d\nThe union, in its main brief, argued that the Board erred in ruling that the city did not employ 25 \u201cpublic employees\u201d as that term is defined in section 3(m) of the Act. The basis of the Union\u2019s contention on appeal is that the findings of fact of the hearing officer, which were adopted by the Board, required a finding that 12 city employees did not meet the test or definition of a short-term employee under the Act and, therefore, were not excluded from the definition of \u201cpublic employee.\u201d Both the Board and the city in their briefs assert that this issue involving \u201cpart-time\u201d employees was not raised below and therefore is not properly before this court. The city and the Board urge that the union should not be allowed to change its argument and present this court with an argument not passed upon by the State Labor Relations Board.\nWe direct our attention first to the standard of review in a proceeding brought pursuant to the Administrative Review Law which is set forth in section 3 \u2014 110 (111. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 3 \u2014 110), which provides:\n\u201cScope of Review. Every action to review any final administrative decision shall be heard and determined by the court with all convenient speed. The hearing and determination shall extend to all questions of law and of fact presented by the entire record before the court. No new or additional evidence in support of or in opposition to any finding, order, determination or decision of the administrative agency shall be heard by the court. The findings and conclusions of the administrative agency on questions of fact shall be held to be prima facie true and correct.\u201d\nWe find that the issue regarding part-time employees was addressed below and is properly before us on administrative review. We further find that the union is not urging a different theory on review than argued below but, rather, is specifically objecting to the application of the definition of short-term employee to specific part-time employees based upon the facts as found by the hearing officer.\nSubstantial testimony relevant to this issue was elicited by the parties. The city addressed the issue in its exceptions to the hearing officer\u2019s recommended decision and it was addressed and ruled upon by the hearing officer and the Board. Although the union did not file exceptions to the hearing officer\u2019s recommended decision (having prevailed in that the hearing officer directed an election, which was the ultimate intent of the Union), it did request leave to respond to the exceptions filed by the city; however, the Board denied that request. The Board\u2019s decision noted that an amicus curiae brief was filed by the Chicago Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations, and this brief in part did assert that it did not concur in the hearing officer\u2019s recommendation that seasonal employees should not be included in the total employment count for determining jurisdiction. We find that based upon the questions posed by counsel for the union at the hearing, as well as the hearing officer and the city\u2019s counsel, a complete factual record was established at the hearing, and no new or additional evidence was needed to address this issue for purposes of the appeal.\nWe now turn to the merits of the union\u2019s argument. The union does not challenge the factual findings and determinations made by the hearing officer, which were adopted by the Board, but rather asserts that the hearing officer and the Board erred as a matter of law in classifying certain seasonal employees as \u201cshort-term employees,\u201d consequently excluding them from the total jurisdictional count of 25 \u201cpublic employees\u201d required for the Board to assume jurisdiction under section 20(b) of the Act.\nThe hearing officer found that the city employed a maximum of 44 public employees. These 44 possible employees included the 27 part-time employees in the street, sewer, and parks department; therefore, if all 27 part-time employees were excluded as short-term employees as defined in section 3(p) of the Act, the city would employ fewer than 25 public employees and accordingly the Board would be without jurisdiction.\nA short-term employee is defined in section 3(p) of the Act as:\n\u201can employee who is employed for less than two consecutive calendar quarters during a calendar year and who does not have a reasonable assurance that he or she will be rehired by the same employer for the same service in a subsequent calendar year.\u201d (111. Rev. Stat. 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1603(p).)\nSince the definition is stated in the conjunctive, in order to exclude a part-time employee from the definition of \u201cpublic employee\u201d on the ground that they constitute a short-term employee, both elements must be present. Thus, in order to be excluded, the Board must find that the employee was employed for less than the prescribed period and did not have a reasonable assurance of being rehired. If either element is not met, the employee, although part-time, cannot be excluded as a short-term employee and must be counted for purposes of ascertaining the jurisdiction of the Board.\nAs we have noted, the Board adopted the findings of fact of the hearing officer in toto, and accordingly we will focus upon the recommended decision of the hearing officer which contained a detailed analysis of the facts of the case. The hearing officer found that only 24 of the 27 part-time employees worked less than two consecutive calendar quarters. Thus, three of the 27 did not meet the first element of the definition of a short-term employee and must be considered as public employees for jurisdictional purposes. Of the remaining 24 part-time employees, the hearing officer found that nine worked as lifeguards at the municipal pool, a job requiring special certification. Because the lifeguard position required a special certification, the hearing officer found that those individuals who previously worked for the city as lifeguards were likely to be hired in subsequent summers if they reapplied. The hearing officer found that all nine lifeguards employed in the 1984 summer season, at least eight of whom had been previously employed in the 1983 season, had a reasonable assurance that they would be rehired by the city in subsequent years. These findings of fact, which were adopted by the Board, are entitled to great weight and are prima facie true and correct. (111. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 110, par. 3 \u2014 110.) Based upon that specific finding of fact, the nine lifeguards failed to meet the second criterion of a short-term employee and thus cannot be excluded as exempt for jurisdictional purposes.\nWe accordingly find that the total of 12 employees did not meet the test or definition of \u201cshort-term employee\u201d and were therefore not excluded from the definition of \u201cpublic employee.\u201d Excluding from the maximum 44 public employees the remaining 15 part-time employees who did meet the definition of short-term employee results in a finding of 29 public employees. However, the Board\u2019s holding that the three part-time employees who worked more than two consecutive calendar quarters and the nine part-time individuals employed as lifeguards who had a reasonable assurance of being rehired were short-term employees is contrary to the explicit provisions of the Act. We find that the Board erred as a matter of law in its application of the definition of \u201cshort-term employee\u201d as set forth in section 3(p) of the Act to those individuals. Accordingly, we find the city was subject to the jurisdiction of the Act in that it employed at least 25 public employees.\nAs an aside, we note that section 3(m) of the Act (now section 3(n)) has been amended, effective January 1, 1986, by Public Act 84-1104. The amendment to the definition of \u201cpublic employees\u201d deleted \u201cnon-State peace officers; all peace officers in the State Department of State Police; non-State firefighters and paramedics employed by fire departments and fire protection districts.\u201d (111. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 48, par. 1603(n), formerly 111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1603(m).) This amendatory act also amended section 20(b) of the Act so as to make the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act inapplicable to units of local government employing less than \u201c35\u201d (as opposed to \u201c25\u201d under prior section) employees. (111. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 48, par. 1620(b), formerly 111. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 48, par. 1620(b).) We note that the application of these amended sections to the facts in the case at bar would subject the city to the jurisdiction of the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act. Since we have already found the city to be subject to the Act, we will not address the applicability or inapplicability of these amendments to the facts in the instant case.\nFor the reasons stated above, we reverse the decision of the Illinois State Labor Relations Board published April 5, 1985, and remand this cause with directions to conduct a representation election. We instruct the Board to find that the city of Robinson is subject to the jurisdiction of the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act pursuant to section 20(b) of the Act in that it employs at least 25 public employees as that term is defined in section 3(m) of the Act.\nReversed and remanded.\nKARNS, P.J., and JONES, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE KASSERMAN" } ], "attorneys": [ "John M. Hosteny, of Cavanagh, Hosteny & O\u2019Hara, of Springfield, for petitioner.", "Neil F. Hartigan, Attorney General, of Springfield (Charles S. Watson, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), for respondent Illinois State Labor Relations Board.", "John A. Piper, of Massey, Anderson & Gibson, of Paris, for respondent City of Robinson." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "LABORER\u2019S INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA, LOCAL 1280, Petitioner, v. ILLINOIS STATE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD et al., Respondents.\nFifth District\nNo. 5\u201485\u20140313\nOpinion filed April 9, 1987.\n\u2014 Rehearing denied May 19, 1987.\nJohn M. Hosteny, of Cavanagh, Hosteny & O\u2019Hara, of Springfield, for petitioner.\nNeil F. Hartigan, Attorney General, of Springfield (Charles S. Watson, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), for respondent Illinois State Labor Relations Board.\nJohn A. Piper, of Massey, Anderson & Gibson, of Paris, for respondent City of Robinson." }, "file_name": "1045-01", "first_page_order": 1069, "last_page_order": 1088 }