{
  "id": 3650156,
  "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JAMES E. ROMANOSKY, Defendant-Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Romanosky",
  "decision_date": "1987-09-09",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:53:05.010141+00:00",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JAMES E. ROMANOSKY, Defendant-Appellant."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "JUSTICE HARRISON\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant, James E. Romanosky, was charged with three counts of driving a motor vehicle while his license was revoked in violation of section 6 \u2014 303 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 303). Following a bench trial in the circuit court of Jackson County, defendant was convicted on all three counts. He was sentenced to concurrent terms totaling 42 days\u2019 imprisonment, 12 months\u2019 probation, 30 days\u2019 community service and was ordered to pay a total of $1,300 in fines, plus costs. Defendant now appeals, arguing that the evidence was insufficient to prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. For the reasons which follow, we affirm.\nSection 6 \u2014 303 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 303) makes it a Class A misdemeanor for any person to drive a motor vehicle on any highway in this State at a time when his driver\u2019s license or privilege to drive, or his privilege to obtain a license, is revoked. Only two facts must be proved to establish a violation of this section: (1) that the defendant was driving a motor vehicle on a public highway of this .State, and (2) that, at that time, the defendant\u2019s driver\u2019s license or privilege was revoked. People v. Turner (1976), 64 Ill. 2d 183, 185, 354 N.E.2d 897, 898.\nIn this case, the charges against defendant arose from three separate incidents which occurred, respectively, on July 9, 1985, October 25, 1985, and November 2, 1985, in the city of Carbondale. There is no dispute that on all three occasions, defendant was driving an automobile on an Illinois public highway and that his Illinois driver\u2019s license was revoked. The revocation had been in effect since June of 1984, following defendant\u2019s conviction for operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol.\nCiting People v. Eberhardt (1985), 138 Ill. App. 3d 148, 485 N.E.2d 876, defendant nevertheless contends that he cannot be found guilty under section 6 \u2014 303 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 303) because, at the time of his arrests for violation of the statute, he held a current West Virginia driver\u2019s license, and the Hlinois Secretary of State had taken no action to notify West Virginia authorities of the revocation of defendant\u2019s operating privileges as required by section 6 \u2014 202(c) of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 202(c)). In defendant\u2019s view, by failing to make such notification, Illinois in effect \u201cinvited\u201d his conduct and abandoned any right to claim that he could not operate a motor vehicle here under his foreign license.\nDefendant\u2019s reliance on People v. Eberhardt (1985), 138 Ill. App. 3d 148, 485 N.E.2d 876, is misplaced. In that case, the defendant had once resided in Illinois, but had moved to Texas in 1982. Thereafter, he allowed his Illinois license to expire and acquired a Texas license in its place. While visiting Illinois in 1984, after expiration of his Illinois license and receipt of his Texas license, he was convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol. His expired Illinois license was subsequently revoked by the Illinois Secretary of State, but he retained his Texas license, for the Secretary of State had failed to notify Texas of defendant\u2019s conviction in accordance with section 6 \u2014 202(c) of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 202(c)), which provides:\n\u201cWhen a nonresident\u2019s operating privilege is suspended or revoked, the Secretary of State shall forward a certified copy of the record of such action to the motor vehicle administrator in the State where such person resides.\u201d\nThereafter, defendant was arrested and convicted for driving in Illinois while his license was revoked. In reversing defendant\u2019s conviction, the appellate court held that because Illinois had failed to properly take action against defendant\u2019s nonresident driving privilege or to notify Texas of defendant\u2019s conviction, despite its knowledge that defendant had a valid Texas license, defendant still had a \u201cperfect right\u201d to drive here. People v. Eberhardt (1985), 138 Ill. App. 3d 148, 149, 485 N.E.2d 876, 878.\nThe case before us is distinguishable on its facts. By way of background, the record established that defendant came to Illinois from West Virginia in 1981 to attend Southern Illinois University (SIU) in Carbondale. He was a full-time student there (except during summers) until May 1983. Although he subsequently returned to West Virginia, he periodically visited Carbondale, where he maintained certain business interests, between August of 1983 and August of 1984. In August of 1984, he enrolled as a student in the West Virginia University Law School, but continued to return to Carbondale to check on a trailer park he had purchased at approximately the same time he commenced his legal studies. Later, in May of 1985, he suspended his studies in West Virginia for medical reasons. Thereafter, he once again began spending the majority of his time in this State, and he ultimately attended classes on an informal basis at the SIU law school. It was at this time that the incidents culminating in the convictions which are the subject of this appeal took place.\nWhen defendant first arrived in Illinois in 1981, he held a West Virginia driver\u2019s license. According to defendant, however, he subsequently misplaced that license while playing softball. He then applied for and received a driver\u2019s license from this State. In contrast to the situation in People v. Eberhardt (1985), 138 Ill. App. 3d 148, 485 N.E.2d 876, defendant\u2019s Illinois license in this case remained current and was in effect until it was revoked by the Illinois Secretary of State in June of 1984, when he was convicted here for driving under the influence of alcohol. Correspondingly, there is nothing in the record to suggest that, at the time of that conviction, defendant claimed that he was entitled to operate a motor vehicle in this State by virtue of anything other than his Illinois driver\u2019s license. Defendant\u2019s rights under a foreign driver\u2019s license were not at issue. Under these circumstances, Illinois would have had no basis for notifying West Virginia authorities of defendant\u2019s conviction pursuant to section 6\u2014 202(c) of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 202(c)). We therefore find nothing in People v. Eberhardt (1985), 138 Ill. App. 3d 148, 485 N.E.2d 876, which mandates reversal of defendant\u2019s subsequent convictions for driving while his license was revoked.\nThe record does show that after defendant misplaced his West Virginia driver\u2019s license, it was subsequently returned to him. He apparently retained this license even after he was issued his Illinois license. Indeed, the evidence established that he actually renewed this license in July of 1984, less than one month after his Illinois license had been revoked, and that he attempted to use this license on the three occasions in 1985 when he was arrested for violation of section 6 \u2014 303 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 303). These facts do not, however, aid defendant\u2019s position.\nSection 6 \u2014 101 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 101) provides, in part:\n\u201cNo drivers license shall be issued to any person who holds a valid Foreign State license unless such person first surrenders to the Secretary of State any such valid Foreign State license.\u201d\nThis requirement is also set forth in section 6 \u2014 704.3 of the \u201cDriver License Compact\u201d (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 704.3). The \u201cDriver License Compact\u201d is part of the Illinois Vehicle Code, and both Illinois and West Virginia are party States to the compact.\nBecause defendant had misplaced his West Virginia driver\u2019s license at the time he applied for his Illinois license, he obviously could not physically surrender it to the Secretary of State. By applying for and accepting an Illinois license, however, we believe that defendant must nonetheless be regarded as having renounced his right to drive under his West Virginia license just as surely as if he had handed the license certificate over to the Secretary of State\u2019s office. The West Virginia license ceased to have legal effect, and defendant was entitled to drive in this State only under authority of his new Illinois license.\nWhen defendant\u2019s Illinois license was revoked, he was not permitted to operate a motor vehicle in this State until he obtained a new license in accordance with the Illinois Vehicle Code. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 210.) Pursuant to section 6 \u2014 208(b) of the Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 208(b)), he could have applied to the Illinois Secretary of State for reinstatement of his Illinois license one year from the date of the revocation. While the record indicates that defendant did make inquiries of the Secretary of State\u2019s office as to how he could have his Illinois license restored after the requisite one-year period had passed, there is no question that defendant made no formal application for and the Secretary of State did not issue him a new license.\nPursuant to section 6 \u2014 704.2 of the \u201cDriver License Compact\u201d (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 704.2), which, as we have noted, is also part of the Code, defendant might alternatively have applied for a new license from West Virginia. As with section 6 \u2014 208 of the Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 208), however, that provision likewise specifies that a new license could not be issued until one year had passed following the revocation. Again, the record suggests that the defendant did not apply for or receive a new license from West Virginia pursuant to this provision.\nDefendant\u2019s purported .renewal of his West Virginia license in 1984 cannot be held to have constituted compliance with section 6\u2014 704 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 704). The reasons for this are straightforward. First,' as we have found, defendant must be deemed to have surrendered his West Virginia license when he applied for and accepted his Illinois license. Thus, his West Virginia license was no longer valid when he sought to have it renewed, and the purported renewal was of no effect. Second, the purported renewal, made as it was less than a month following revocation of defendant\u2019s Illinois license, was contrary to the express one-year requirement of section 6 \u2014 704 and therefore invalid.\nFor the foregoing reasons, we find that the evidence was sufficient to convict defendant of all charges of driving while his license was revoked in violation of section 6 \u2014 303 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 6 \u2014 303). Accordingly, the judgment of the circuit court of Jackson County is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nEARNS, P.J., and EASSERMAN, J., concur. .",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "JUSTICE HARRISON"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Thomas W. Mansfield, of Reed, Heller & Mansfield, of Pinckneyville, for appellant.",
      "John R. Clemons, State\u2019s Attorney, of Murphysboro (Kenneth R. Boyle, Stephen E. Norris, and Debra A. Buchman, all of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JAMES E. ROMANOSKY, Defendant-Appellant.\nFifth District\nNo. 5\u201486\u20140351\nOpinion filed September 9, 1987.\nThomas W. Mansfield, of Reed, Heller & Mansfield, of Pinckneyville, for appellant.\nJohn R. Clemons, State\u2019s Attorney, of Murphysboro (Kenneth R. Boyle, Stephen E. Norris, and Debra A. Buchman, all of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People."
  },
  "file_name": "0120-01",
  "first_page_order": 142,
  "last_page_order": 147
}