{ "id": 5070870, "name": "LUCIA CASTRO et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. SOUTH CHICAGO COMMUNITY HOSPITAL et al., Defendants (Jordan Daniels, Defendant-Appellee)", "name_abbreviation": "Castro v. South Chicago Community Hospital", "decision_date": "1988-02-10", "docket_number": "No. 87-1463", "first_page": "479", "last_page": "485", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "166 Ill. App. 3d 479" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "509 N.E.2d 1295", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "157 Ill. App. 3d 140", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3543649 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/157/0140-01" ] }, { "cite": "497 N.E.2d 1022", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "147 Ill. App. 3d 168", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3603403 ], "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/147/0168-01" ] }, { "cite": "511 N.E.2d 974", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "159 Ill. App. 3d 214", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3612215 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/159/0214-01" ] }, { "cite": "510 N.E.2d 531", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "157 Ill. App. 3d 450", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3542571 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/157/0450-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 633, "char_count": 14047, "ocr_confidence": 0.743, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.571455088341762e-07, "percentile": 0.8162827253635251 }, "sha256": "2821db3207c356dc605f136f5409b8957b9fe6fdb34ff60687c74dcacdfcb745", "simhash": "1:c73bb748f9657775", "word_count": 2260 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:55:23.036295+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "LUCIA CASTRO et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. SOUTH CHICAGO COMMUNITY HOSPITAL et al., Defendants (Jordan Daniels, Defendant-Appellee)." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE McNAMARA\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff Lucia Castro sought damages for injuries allegedly sustained as the result of the medical malpractice of defendants Dr. Jordan Daniels, South Chicago Community Hospital, Dr. Saroj Yerma, and several other doctors who have been dismissed from the suit. Plaintiff\u2019s husband, Raymond Castro, filed a loss of consortium claim. The-, trial court entered an order barring the use of additional experts pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 220 (107 Ill. 2d R. 220), and entered summary judgment in favor of Dr. Daniels. Plaintiffs appeal from both orders, contending that the trial court had no authority to bar the testimony and abused its discretion in barring other experts. The hospital and Dr. Yerma are not parties to this appeal.\nIn May 1979, plaintiffs filed this action in regard to a 1977 hospitalization and surgery. Subsequently, plaintiffs failed to respond to, or comply with, defendants\u2019 requests to identify their expert and disclose his medical opinion. Plaintiffs also violated several court orders directing such disclosure and failed to respond to related motions filed by defendants.\nIn June 1986, after several court-imposed deadlines had passed, plaintiffs disclosed Dr. Joshua Fierer as/their'expert. In July 1986, however, Dr. Fierer testified at a deposition that in his opinion Dr. Daniels did not deviate from the standard of care and was not negligent. In November 1986, Dr. Daniels moved for enforcement of the 1981 court orders imposing deadlines for disclosure of experts and moved for summary judgment based on plaintiffs\u2019 lack of any expert opinion or other evidence showing Dr. Daniels\u2019 negligence. Plaintiffs failed to respond to the motions, even after the court gave them additional time. Finally, in February 1987, after the court-imposed deadlines had passed, plaintiffs disclosed Dr. Marc Pomerantz as a new intended expert witness, stating that they \u201cbelieved\u201d he would opine that Dr. Daniels had deviated from the relevant standard of care. In March 1987, the court denied plaintiffs\u2019 request for more time to respond to defendant\u2019s motions, and denied their request to use any expert, except their previously disclosed expert, Dr. Fierer. The court granted Dr. Daniels\u2019 motion to enforce, and his motion for summary judgment.\nPlaintiffs contend on appeal that the trial court lacked the authority to bar the use of an additional expert witness under Rule 220 because at the time the court did not indicate it reasonably anticipated setting a trial date in the near future. They argue that \u201c[n]othing in this Rule authorizes the court to establish deadlines requiring a party to obtain expert witnesses.\u201d On the contrary, the rule provides that \u201cas to all expert witnesses not previously disclosed, the trial court, on its own motion *** shall enter an order scheduling the dates upon which all expert witnesses, including rebuttal experts, shall be disclosed.\u201d Moreover, the parties must act in good faith to ascertain the identity of expert witnesses they reasonably contemplate using and must obtain from them the opinions upon which they may be requested to testify. 107 Ill. 2d Rules 220(b)(l)(i), (b)(lXii).\nPlaintiffs maintain that the rule\u2019s purpose is to insure \u201cthat discovery regarding expert witnesses will be completed no later than 60 days before the date on which the trial court reasonably anticipates the trial will commence.\u201d The language of the rule, however, presents no obstruction to the imposition of a disclosure schedule in a case which is not necessarily approaching the 60-day period before trial. (107 Ill. 2d R. 220(b)(1).) We find nothing in the rule\u2019s language restricting the time for barring a witness to the eve of trial. As part of the court\u2019s function in pretrial proceedings and in preparing all parties for a fair and efficient trial, Rule 220 authorizes the trial court to schedule disclosure prior to the eve of trial and to bar the testimony of any expert not disclosed under that schedule.\nThe trial court here had the authority to impose the disclosure schedule. It also had the authority to bar additional experts after finding that plaintiffs failed to act in good faith to reasonably ascertain the identity of an expert and obtain from him an opinion upon which he might be requested to testify.\nIn support of their argument that the court lacked the authority to bar their expert, plaintiffs also rely upon the Rule 220 provision that \u201cthe identity of an expert *** must be disclosed by that party either within 90 days after the substance of the expert\u2019s opinion first becomes known to that party or his counsel or, if the substance of the expert\u2019s opinion is then known, at the first pretrial conference in the case, whichever is later.\u201d Plaintiffs\u2019 construction of the 90-day provision would permit litigants to purposely avoid learning the substance of the expert\u2019s opinion in order to extend the time in which they must identify the expert and his opinion.\nPlaintiffs next contend that, even if the trial court had the proper authority, it abused its discretion in barring the testimony of Dr. Pomerantz. Rule 220 provides that \u201c[fjailure to make the disclosure required by this rule or to comply with the discovery contemplated herein will result in disqualification of the expert as a witness.\u201d (107 Ill. 2d R. 220(b)(1).) A litigant\u2019s failure to comply with a court order imposing an affirmative obligation to disclose experts warrants the disqualification of the expert whose opinion is offered in opposition to a motion for summary judgment. (James v. Yasunaga (1987), 157 Ill. App. 3d 450, 510 N.E.2d 531; see also Phelps v. O\u2019Malley (1987), 159 Ill. App. 3d 214, 511 N.E.2d 974.) Moreover, the imposition of sanctions under Rule 219(c) for failure to comply with orders under Rule 220 is within the discretion of the trial court. (Fischer v. G & S Builders (1986), 147 Ill. App. 3d 168, 497 N.E.2d 1022.) Its judgment will not be disturbed on review absent a clear showing of abuse of discretion. James v. Yasunaga (1987), 157 Ill. App. 3d 450, 510 N.E.2d 531; see also Johanek v. Ringsby Truck Lines, Inc. (1987), 157 Ill. App. 3d 140, 509 N.E.2d 1295.\nUnder the circumstances presented here, we find no abuse of discretion. While Rule 220 was not devised as a means of forcing litigants to use an expert witness, or as a means of blocking the parties\u2019 right to a trial, the chronology of events strongly supports the trial court decision.\nOn May 4, 1979, plaintiffs filed the complaint which alleges that on and after February 11, 1977, defendants negligently rendered medical treatment to plaintiff, including performing an unnecessary colostomy as a result of post-surgical complications suffered after the delivery of her baby by caesarean section.\nOn August 2, 1979, plaintiffs\u2019 answers to interrogatories stated that her \u201cattorney has consulted various physicians, but no decision has been made as to who will testify on my behalf at the present time.\u201d\nOn January 21, 1981, Dr. Daniels filed supplemental interrogatories asking plaintiffs to identify the expert witnesses and disclose their medical opinions.\nOn January 19, 1982, nearly three years after filing the complaint, plaintiffs deposed Dr. Daniels.\nOn September 28, 1982, defendant Dr. Michael Makii, who has since been dismissed from the suit, filed an interrogatory asking plaintiffs to identify any physicians who opined that he was negligent. Eighteen months later, after plaintiffs violated two court orders directing an answer, plaintiffs replied that no physician had made a direct reference to Dr. Makii.\nOn April 23, 1985, the defendant hospital filed supplemental interrogatories asking plaintiffs to identify their expert witnesses. On January 21, 1986, Dr. Makii filed a motion to dismiss for want of prosecution or to compel plaintiffs to disclose their experts. On the same day, the trial court ordered plaintiffs to disclose their experts by April 18, 1986. Plaintiffs failed to either challenge or comply with this order.\nOn April 21, 1986, Dr. Makii and Dr. Daniels filed motions to bar plaintiffs\u2019 use of expert testimony. On the same day, the court entered an order barring plaintiffs from introducing expert testimony against Dr. Makii. Plaintiffs never filed a written response to Dr. Daniels\u2019 motion to bar and never filed an affidavit by an intended expert. Instead, during oral argument plaintiffs\u2019 counsel stated that he had an expert who was in South America and requested an additional 60 or 90 days to disclose his identity. The trial court ordered plaintiffs to disclose their expert witness against Dr. Daniels by June 6, 1986, and to submit the expert for deposition by July 22, 1986. Plaintiffs failed to comply with these orders. On June 19, 1986, plaintiffs wrote to all parties, designating Dr. Fierer as their expert witness. Plaintiffs later notified all parties that Dr. Fierer would be deposed on July 25,1986.\nOn July 7, 1986, Dr. Daniels\u2019 attorney wrote to plaintiffs\u2019 counsel, stating, \u201cOn June 19, 1986, *** you stated that Dr. Fierer \u2018would not have much to say about Dr. Daniels.\u2019 \u201d Defense counsel requested a summary of Dr. Fierer\u2019s opinion prior to his deposition so that counsel could prepare accordingly. On July 8, 1986, Dr. Daniels filed interrogatories requesting the identities and opinions of any expert witnesses plaintiffs planned to use at trial.\nIn a July 9, 1986, letter regarding Dr. Fierer\u2019s deposition, plaintiffs\u2019 counsel stated that \u201cDr. Fierer has reviewed the depositions of Drs. Daniels and '\u00f1rma. He has also reviewed the hospital chart from South Chicago Community Hospital. In his verbal report to me, his major complaint was the failure to administer Emetine [an antibiotic] upon the diagnosis of amebiasis.\u201d Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed Dr. Makii as a defendant.\nOn July 21, 1986, Dr. Daniels again asked plaintiffs for answers to the Rule 220 interrogatories. Defense counsel wrote, \u201cPlease consider this my final 201(k) request for the plaintiff\u2019s answers to Dr. Daniels\u2019 Rule 220 Interrogatories. *** My client and his insurer are certainly entitled to know in advance [of the deposition] whether Dr. Fierer will criticize Dr. Daniels' care and treatment and the nature of those criticisms before I travel to California for his deposition. Otherwise, I will be forced to seek court assistance to resolve this matter.\u201d Plaintiffs failed to respond to the request.\nOn July 25, 1986, Dr. Fierer was deposed. He opined that, although Dr. Daniels may have exercised bad judgment, there were no deviations from the standard of care. He testified similarly regarding the treatment provided by defendants Drs. John Harrod and Harry Waddington. Following this deposition, plaintiffs entered into an agreed order for summary judgment in favor of Drs. Harrod and Waddington.\nOn November 12, 1986, Dr. Daniels filed a motion for summary judgment and a motion to bar plaintiffs from using expert testimony against him at trial. Plaintiffs filed no response. The court later granted plaintiffs 60 additional days, until February 16, 1987, to file a written response to Dr. Daniels\u2019 pending motions. Plaintiffs again filed no response.\nOn February 25, plaintiffs\u2019 counsel wrote to defense counsel stating that Dr. Marc Pomerantz was to be their new expert. Defense counsel replied that the letter was insufficient disclosure of the identity and the substance of the medical opinion required under the previous court orders and Rule 220 interrogatories.\nOn March 3, 1987, plaintiffs filed their answer to Dr. Daniels\u2019 interrogatories. Plaintiffs identified Dr. Pomerantz as an expert witness. Plaintiffs filed an emergency motion to extend the time in which they could respond to Dr. Daniels\u2019 motions for summary judgment and to bar experts. In answer to an interrogatory seeking a statement of the expert\u2019s opinion, plaintiff stated: \u201cI believe that Dr. Pomerantz has the opinion and conclusion that Dr. Daniels\u2019 treatment of me did not conform to the standards of practice of a general surgeon. In particular, I expect that Dr. Pomerantz will state that my amebic infection should have been treated earlier with different medications and that the loss of my rectum was unnecessary.\u201d\nIn summary, the record fails to show that during the first eight years of litigation plaintiffs failed to consult or disclose any expert who would opine that Dr. Daniels was negligent. Plaintiffs\u2019 own expert found the contrary to be true. Under these facts, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in barring any additional expert testimony as to Dr. Daniels\u2019 treatment of plaintiff. We will not disturb its judgment.\nPlaintiffs\u2019 argument that the summary judgment should be reversed is predicated solely upon the order barring Dr. Pomerantz\u2019 testimony. Otherwise, plaintiffs assert that their allegations could not be proved without the testimony of an expert witness and that they are \u201cunable to make out a prima facie case against the defendant. Plaintiffs did not respond to the motion for summary judgment for the simple reason that there was no response to be made.\u201d As we have stated, the trial court had the authority to bar the expert testimony, and we hold that it did not abuse its discretion in doing so. Consequently, the order entering summary judgment in favor of defendant was proper because plaintiffs presented no facts which indicated Dr. Daniels deviated from the relevant standard of care.\nFor these reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.\nRIZZI and FREEMAN, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE McNAMARA" } ], "attorneys": [ "Alan C. Mendelson and H. Elisabeth Huber, both of Chicago, for appellants.", "Wildman, Harrold, Allen & Dixon, of Chicago (Ruth E. Vandemark, Mary K. Periolat, and Richard M. Kuntz, of counsel), for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "LUCIA CASTRO et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. SOUTH CHICAGO COMMUNITY HOSPITAL et al., Defendants (Jordan Daniels, Defendant-Appellee).\nFirst District (3rd Division)\nNo. 87-1463\nOpinion filed February 10, 1988.\nAlan C. Mendelson and H. Elisabeth Huber, both of Chicago, for appellants.\nWildman, Harrold, Allen & Dixon, of Chicago (Ruth E. Vandemark, Mary K. Periolat, and Richard M. Kuntz, of counsel), for appellee." }, "file_name": "0479-01", "first_page_order": 501, "last_page_order": 507 }