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  "name": "Ashland Savings & Loan Association, Plaintiff-Appellee, Cross-Appellant, v. Aetna Insurance Company, Defendant, Cross-Appellee -(Insurance Company of North America, Defendant-Appellant.)",
  "name_abbreviation": "Ashland Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Aetna Insurance",
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    "parties": [
      "Ashland Savings & Loan Association, Plaintiff-Appellee, Cross-Appellant, v. Aetna Insurance Company, Defendant, Cross-Appellee \u2014(Insurance Company of North America, Defendant-Appellant.)"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. JUSTICE DOWNING\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThis is an appeal from the decisions of the circuit court in a declaratory judgment action filed by plaintiff Ashland Savings & Loan Association (hereinafter Ashland) alleging breaches of contracts of insurance plaintiff had with defendant-cross-appellee Aetna Insurance Company (hereinafter Aetna) and defendant-appellant Insurance Company of North America (hereinafter INA). Briefly, the complaint alleged in pertinent part that INA insured Ashland against loss and damage by fire to a certain building and that Aetna insured Ashland, under another policy, against loss and damage resulting from the insured\u2019s failure to effectively provide insurance coverage for the building, and then prayed that the court determine which defendant was obligated to Ashland.\nINA filed a motion for summary judgment asserting that its policy with Ashland had been terminated prior to the date of the alleged loss. Aetna also filed a motion for summary judgment alleging that the fire policy issued by INA for the coverage of loss to Ashland\u2019s building had been in force at the date of the alleged loss, and that, therefore, Aetna was not liable to pay under the terms of its policy with Ashland.\nThe court below entered orders granting Aetna\u2019s motion for summary judgment and denying INA\u2019s motion for summary judgment, finding, with respect to INA, that its policy with' Ashland was in full force and effect on the date of the alleged loss, in that the policy had not been effectively cancelled in keeping with the provisions of 12 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 1749 bbb\u20143 (1969), a part of the National Insurance Development Program. Thereafter, the court below ordered that judgment be entered for Ashland against INA in the amount of $214,990.27. INA appeals from those decisions in the court below. In addition, Ashland brings a cross-appeal against Aetna, requesting that should this court find that INA\u2019s policy had been effectively cancelled prior to the date of the damage to Ashland\u2019s property, then the court should further find that Aetna is liable to Ash-land under the terms of the errors and omissions form of jhe policy issued to Ashland.\nWhile INA assigns a number of errors on appeal, we are of the opinion that the only issue necessary to decide is whether the trial court acted with propriety in entering the orders granting Aetna\u2019s motion for summary judgment and denying that of INA. Our finding on this issue will be dispositive of the appeal.\nThe facts pertinent to our decision are as follows. Ashland, a State of Illinois chartered savings and loan association with offices in Chicago, owned and operated an apartment building at 5054-58 No. Winthrop Avenue in Chicago. On October 21, 1966, Ashland and INA entered into a contract of insurance\u2014which, among other things, provided Ashland protection against fire loss. The policy included the following pertinent provisions:\n\u201cThis Policy covers from October 21, 1966 to until cancelled noon, Standard Time, at Insured\u2019s Address.\n* * *\nIf this policy is written under the Annual Payment of Premium Plan it shall not terminate until cancelled by the Insured or the Company. The premium hereunder shall be payable annually in advance. The first annual premium is set forth on Page 1 and becomes due and payable on the inception date of this policy. The premium for each successive annual period shall be computed to reflect current conditions and become due and payable on the anniversary date.\n* * *\nThis policy shall be cancelled at any time at the request of the insured, in which case this Company shall, upon demand and surrender of this policy, refund the excess of paid premium above the customary short rates for the expired time. This policy may be cancelled at any time by this Company by giving to the insured a five days\u2019 written notice of cancellation with or without tender of the excess of paid premium above the pro rata premium for the expired time, which excess, if not tendered, shall be refunded on demand. Notice of cancellation shall state that said excess premium (if not tendered) will be refunded on demand.\u201d\nThe INA policy, then, was renewable by the payment of yearly premiums, its anniversary date being October 21; the policy was renewed on the anniversary date in 1967 and 1968. On October 2, 1969, in accordance with the provisions of the policy, INA mailed to Ashland a notice of cancellation informing Ashland that its policy was to be can-celled effective October 21, 1969.\nThe cancellation notice sent to Ashland read in part:\n\u201cYou are notified that we are herewith cancelling your policy indicated below, in accordance with its terms, and all liability thereunder will terminate, effective as stated below. * * * Cancellation effective the 21st day of Oct. 1969 at the hour stated in the policy for the inception of the policy.\u201d\nSubsequent to the notice of cancellation, no premium was tendered or paid by Ashland to INA.\nAshland, on February 1, 1967, entered into a special multi-peril policy with Aetna, which policy was for a three year term. The policy provided Ashland insm-ance in the amount of $200,000 with respect to any one mortgage under an \u201cErrors and Omissions Form,\u201d the details of which are not pertinent to this decision.\nAshland\u2019s ownership of the subject building came about as the result of a foreclosure which it had initiated. On November 30, 1969, a fire occurred in Ashland\u2019s apartment building, resulting in damage to the building and its contents, as well as loss of rent. It was this damage which led to this litigation.\nSometime in 1970, Ashland filed a breach of contract action against Aetna in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. As originally conceived in the Federal action, Ashland contended that Aetna was hable under its policy, which was in effect on November 30, 1969. Subsequently, Ashland amended its complaint and joined INA as a party defendant. In the amended Federal action Aetna contended that INA\u2019s notice of cancellation mailed October 2, 1969 was ineffective and invalid since INA failed to comply with the provision of the insurance code of the State of Illinois which required that insurance companies after one year coverage must advise the insured their reasons for cancellation. This statutory provision which became effective September 22, 1969 is chapter 73, section 755.1b of the 1969 Illinois Revised Statutes. Aetna, contending that INA\u2019s policy was thus in effect on November 30, 1969, moved for a summary judgment, as did INA, which relied on its theory that the policy had expired. Ashland moved for a judgment on the pleadings asserting it was entitled to recovery from either Aetna or INA.\nThe Federal District Court abstained from deciding if the said Illinois statute was applicable in order to avoid a premature decision on a Federal constitutional issue when the state courts might reduce or eliminate tire problem, and in order to avoid unnecessary interference with a State\u2019s internal policy in an important area. Consequently, the Federal Court denied all pending motions for summary judgment or judgment on the pleadings and dismissed Ashland\u2019s action.\nThereupon, Ashland brought the action which is the subject of the instant appeal. Ashland, in its complaint for declaratory judgment in the circuit court against both Aetna and INA, asserted that INA claimed its cancellation was in accordance with the provisions of its policy; that Aetna will not honor its policy contending that INA\u2019s notice of cancellation was ineffective in that: (1) INA had failed to comply with the 30-day notice of cancellation requirement of section 755.1b of chapter 73; (2) the statutory requirement for cancellation of section 755.1a; and (3) a February 19, 1969, order of the Director of the State of Illinois Department of Insurance with respect to the timing of cancellation and notification of procedures for obtaining substitute insurance.\nINA, in its answer, asserted that the foregoing provisions in the complaint were legal conclusions unfounded in fact or law, and denied the allegation as to the effect of the alleged February 19, 1969, order. INA further asserted that sections 755.1a and lb did not affect the termination of the contract in question and, if they did, they would be unconstitutional. By way of an affirmative defense, INA relied upon its policy and the cancellation pursuant thereto.\nAetna filed an answer admitting that its policy was in full force and effect, and an affirmative defense that it had no liability for the reasons ascribed to Aetna in Ashland\u2019s complaint. Aetna simultaneously filed a motion for summary judgment, and a legal memorandum with exhibits which included, inter alia: answers to interrogatories by INA in the Federal District Court action; copies of correspondence between INA and Ashland re notice of the subject fire; as well as a blank form entitled:\n\u201cILLINOIS PROPERTY INSURANCE PLACEMENT FACILITY ARTICLE XVI\nACCEPTANCE OF ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT BY MEMBERS\u201d\nwhich form provided in part:\n* # #\n\u201cAs respects risks eligible for the Program, the Insurer agrees that with respect to cancellation or non-renewal initiated by the Insurer to be effective after October 29, 1968, it will give the policyholder (except in cases of non-payment of premium or evidence of incendiarism), 15 days to avail himself of the Program, and the Insurer shall, in writing explain to the policyholder the procedures for making application under the Program.\nAccepted and ratified this -\u2014day of September,\n1968.\nINSURER\nBy-\nAUTHORIZED SIGNATURE \u201d\nIn its legal memorandum (signed in the name of the law firm and not under oath), Aetna characterizes the aforesaid exhibit as a copy of a directive from the State director of insurance dated February 19, 1969, and still in full force and effect, with which INA\u2019s cancellation of the Ashland policy was not in compliance. Therefore, Aetna urged that the \u201cpuiported cancellation notice is a nullity and void ah initio.\u201d\nINA filed a motion for summary judgment, with affidavits, based on the cancellation provision of the policy, the written notice of cancellation and the assertion that, as of November 30, 1969, its policy had not been in effect.\nThereafter, Ashland filed a reply to the answers of both Aetna and INA and a paper entitled \u201cResponse of Plaintiff to Motion of Insurance Company of North America For Summary Judgment.\u201d In Ashland\u2019s \u201cresponse,\u201d there is raised, for the first time\u2014either in tire Federal action or in prior pleadings in this case\u2014the suggestion that 12 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 1749 bbb\u20143 required INA to inform Ashland, in its notice of cancellation, of the procedures for obtaining an inspection under the Federal plan.\nThe trial court, after hearing extensive arguments of all counsel on the various motions, stated that the INA policy was not properly can-celled because it did not comply with the Federal statute. Thereupon, the trial court entered a summary judgment in favor of Aetna; denied the INA motion for summary judgment; held that INA\u2019s policy was in fuU force and effect on November 30, 1969, the date of the loss; and, after a further hearing, entered judgment against INA in the amount of $214,990.27, which included interest from the date of the loss, plus costs of the suit.\nAlthough the record did not specificaUy indentify the Federal statute upon which the trial court based its conclusion, our review of the record indicates it must have been referring to the said section 1749 bbb\u20143. This statute, effective August 1, 1968 (Pub. L. 90\u2014448, Title XI, \u00a7-1103, 82 stat. 558), is known as the \u201cFAIR\u201d plan and requires each insurer reinsured under the Federal statute to cooperate with the State insurance authority in establishing and carrying out statewide plans to assure fair access to insurance requirements.\nThe Federal schema for the \u201cFAIR\u201d plain was adopted in Illinois by virtue of the enactment, on July 30, 1968, of chapter 73, sections 1065.69\u20141065.78 of the 1969 Illinois Revised Statutes, and the creation, pursuant to the mandate of section 1065.72 of chapter 73, of the Illinois Property Insurance Placement Facility effective September 16, 1968. Those statutory sections read in pertinent part:\n\u201c\u00a7 1065.69 Purpose\nThis article is to make basic property insurance available in urban areas and to public educational institutions through the establishment of an Industry Placement Facility for administering a FAIR Plan (Fair Access to Insurance Requirements), and a Joint Reinsurance Association for the equitable distribution and placement of risks among companies transacting property insurance business in the State of Illinois.\n\u00a7 1065.72 Industry placement program Within 30 days after the effective date of this Article, * * * all insurers engaged in writing in this State, on a direct basis, basic property insurance or any component thereof in multi-peril policies, must establish an Industry Placement Facility to formulate and administer a Program for the equitable apportionment among such insurers of basic property insurance which may be afforded applicants in urban areas whose property is insurable in accordance with reasonable underwriting standards, but who, after diligent effort, are unable to procure such insurance through normal channels. * * *\u201d\nSubsequent to the enactment of these statutes, insurers conducting business in the State of Illinois were required to execute and file with the director of insurance of the State a document wherein they agreed to the requirements of the \u201cFAIR\u201d plan for the canceUation of policies.\nAs previously noted in this opinion, an unsigned, undated copy of a document allegedly issued by the State director of insurance was attached to Aetna\u2019s memorandum (filed in the trial court March 30, 1971) in support of its motion for summary judgment. On appeal, Aetna, as part of an appendix to its brief filed before this court, has included copies of certain documents which do not form a part of the record on appeal. Aetna requests, however, that the court take judicial notice of these documents in its consideration of the matters presented here for review. The documents are: (1) a copy of the document referred to above (see page 6), entitled \u201cArticle XVI,\u201d which purports to be a copy of the Article as accepted and ratified, on October 1, 1968, by INA as \u201cInsurer,\u201d pursuant to the \u201cAuthorized Signature\u201d of one \u201cA. Richard Heilman\u201d; and (2) a copy of a document which purports to be a certification by the director of insurance of the State of IHinois, dated January 8, 1973, that the instrument purportedly executed by \u201cA. Richard Heffman\u201d was on file and formed a part of the records of the Department of Insurance as of January 8, 1973.\nIt is Aetna\u2019s contention on appeal that the document purportedly accepted and ratified by INA on October 1, 1968 was an agreement' by INA to take steps designated to assist insureds (including Ashland) in the transfer of their business to the IHinois Property Insurance Inspection and Placement Program, and that because INA did not notify Ashland of the existence of the \u201cFAIR\u201d plan and of the procedure for procuring insurance thereunder in INA\u2019s October 2, 1969 notice of canceUation, said notice did not cancel Ashland\u2019s policy.\nThe doctrine of judicial notice operates to admit into evidence, without formal proof, those facts which are matters of common and general knowledge and which are established and known within the limits of the jurisdiction of the court. (Palmer v. Mitchell (1st Dist. 1965), 57 Ill.App.2d 160, 167, 206 N.E.2d 776; 18 I.L.P., Evidence, \u00a7\u00a71\u20149.) Section 48b of chapter 51 of the Illinois Revised Statutes (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1971, ch. 51, par. 48b) provides that courts of appeHate jurisdiction shaH take judicial notice of such matters as courts of original jurisdiction are required to take. (See Town of Normal v. Witham (4th Dist. 1968), 91 Ill.App.2d 262, 266, 233 N.E.2d 576.) The phrase \u201cjudicial notice,\u201d however, means no more than that a court will bring to its aid and consider \u2014without proof of facts\u2014its knowledge of those matters of public concern which are known by all weH-informed persons. 31 C.J.S., Evidence \u00a7 6, et seq.\nWith respect to the documents of which Aetna would have this court take judicial notice, we are of the opinion that they are not such matters of common and general knowledge, established and known within the jurisdiction of either this court or that of the court below, which would meet the requirements of the pertinent law of this State.\nINA, in its brief and in the oral argument before this court, objected to this court\u2019s taldng judicial notice of such documents, pointing out that factual issues might be raised with respect to such documents and that the appeHate court is not the forum in which to first present such evidence. We agree. This court will not take judicial notice of critical evidentiary material not presented in the court below, and this is especiaHy true of evidence which may be significant in the proper determination of the issues between the parties. Judicial notice cannot be extended to permit the introduction of new factual evidence not presented to the trial court.\nThe entry of summary judgment in favor of Aetna, and the denial ol same on behalf of INA, presents the question of whether the court below erred in holding, as a matter of law, that Ashland\u2019s insurance policy with INA had not been properly cancelled in keeping with the provisions of 12 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 1749 bbb\u20143 (1969).\nCourts of this State have often addressed themselves to the standards governing the entry of summary judgments pursuant to section 57 of the Illinois Civil Practice Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1971, ch. 110, par. 57). We commented at length on these standards in Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co. v. Toths (2d Dist. 1968), 104 Ill.App.2d 80, 243 N.E.2d 40:\n\u201cThe principles applicable to a motion for summary judgment under section 57 of the Civil Practice Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1967, c. 110, par. 57) are well defined. Summary judgment is a procedure to be encouraged (Allen v. Meyer, 14 Ill.2d 284, 292, 152 N.E.2d 576 (1958)); however, it is a remedy to be awarded with some caution so as not to preempt the right to a trial by jury or the right to fully present the factual basis for a case where a material dispute may exist. Ruby v. Wayman, 99 Ill.App.2d 146, 240 N.E.2d 699, 700 (1968); Solone v. Reck, 32 Ill.App.2d 308, 310, 311, 177 N.E.2d 879 (1961); Tezak v. Cooper, 24 Ill.App.2d 356, 362, 363, 164 N.E.2d 493 (1960).\nSection 57 provides that a summary judgment should be rendered if the pleadings, depositions and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, \u2018show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact, and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment or decree as a matter of law.\u2019\nCourts have construed this section to mean that in determining if there is a genuine issue as to any material fact, inferences may be drawn from the facts which are not in dispute, and if fair-minded persons could draw different inferences from these facts then a triable issue exists. Ruby v. Wayman, supra, 700, 701; Peirce v. Conant, 47 Ill.App.2d 294, 300, 198 N.E.2d 555 (1964).\nIn making the above determination on a motion for summary judgment, the court must construe the pleadings, depositions and affidavits most strictly against the moving party and most liberally in favor of the opponent. Solone v. Reck, supra, 311. A summary judgment should then be granted where the moving party\u2019s right thereto is clear and free from doubt. Ruby v. Wayman, supra, 701; Palier v. Dreis & Krump Mfg. Co., 47 Ill.App.2d 334, 338, 198 N.E.2d 521 (1964); Solone v. Reck, supra, 310.\u201d Lumbermens at pages 87-88. See also 23 I.L.P., Judgments, \u00a7\u00a7 71-77.\nIn this case factual questions pertaining to the disputed articles of agreement were in fact in controversy before the trial court by virtue of the pleadings. The factual questions were apparently not considered important by the attorneys for Aetna or Ashland at the time of the hearing on the motion and certainly were not called to the court\u2019s attention. Now, as the result of the changing legal theories which have enmeshed this controversy, the significance of the disputed articles of agreement, the factual circumstances surrounding it, and the resultant legal effect of all such evidence require that this cause be remanded to the trial court. In this fashion, the parties can finally marshall all the evidence and crystalize their legal theories. Justice, for all the parties, will be better served with a proper record in the trial court. We find that there existed before the trial court triable issues of fact, as explained before, which, in our opinion, precluded the entry of summary judgment in Aetna\u2019s favor. So finding, we reverse all the judgments entered by the court below, and remand this case to the said court for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion. In so doing we are in no way expressing any opinion with respect to the applicability of any of the legal theories presented by any of the parties.\nThe orders and judgments of the circuit court of Cook County heretofore entered in this matter are reversed, and all matters raised on this appeal are remanded as directed herein.\nReversed and remanded.\nHAYES, P. J., and STAMOS, J., concur.\nAshland Savings & Loan Association v. Aetna Insurance Company (N.D. Ill. 1971), 322 F.Supp. 82.\nThe record on appeal in this case was filed October 15, 1971, many months prior to the certificate of January 8, 1973.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. JUSTICE DOWNING"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Rabens, Fonnusa & Glassman, of Chicago (George C. Rabens and Marvin Glassman, of counsel), for plaintiff-appellee and cross-appellant.",
      "Baker & McKenzie, of Chicago (Francis D. Morrissey, John W. Dondanville, and Peter J. Mone, of counsel), for defendant-appellant.",
      "Clausen, Hirsh, Miller & Gorman, of Chicago (John P. Gorman, Stephen D. Marcus, William J. Sneckenberg, and James T. Ferrini, of counsel), for defendant, cross-appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "Ashland Savings & Loan Association, Plaintiff-Appellee, Cross-Appellant, v. Aetna Insurance Company, Defendant, Cross-Appellee \u2014(Insurance Company of North America, Defendant-Appellant.)\n(No. 56473;\nFirst District (2nd Division)\nFebruary 19, 1974.\nRabens, Fonnusa & Glassman, of Chicago (George C. Rabens and Marvin Glassman, of counsel), for plaintiff-appellee and cross-appellant.\nBaker & McKenzie, of Chicago (Francis D. Morrissey, John W. Dondanville, and Peter J. Mone, of counsel), for defendant-appellant.\nClausen, Hirsh, Miller & Gorman, of Chicago (John P. Gorman, Stephen D. Marcus, William J. Sneckenberg, and James T. Ferrini, of counsel), for defendant, cross-appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0070-01",
  "first_page_order": 90,
  "last_page_order": 100
}
