{ "id": 2665387, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JEFFREY WALTERS, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Walters", "decision_date": "1989-07-28", "docket_number": "No. 2\u201488\u20140106", "first_page": "661", "last_page": "670", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "187 Ill. App. 3d 661" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "412 U.S. 218", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6172008 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "219" }, { "page": "858" }, { "page": "2043-44" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/412/0218-01" ] }, { "cite": "109 S. Ct. 142", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "102 L. Ed. 2d 115", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "166 Ill. App. 3d 413", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5068863 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "423" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/166/0413-01" ] }, { "cite": "167 Ill. App. 3d 313", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3471333 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "319" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/167/0313-01" ] }, { "cite": "174 Ill. App. 3d 563", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3517222 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/174/0563-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 Ill. App. 3d 236", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 8499133 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "241-42" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/98/0236-01" ] }, { "cite": "152 Ill. 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Ed. 2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "480 U.S. 951", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1131233, 1131426, 1131146, 1131316, 1131478, 1131161 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/480/0951-01", "/us/480/0951-05", "/us/480/0951-06", "/us/480/0951-03", "/us/480/0951-02", "/us/480/0951-04" ] }, { "cite": "114 Ill. 2d 170", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5542174 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "191" }, { "page": "191-92" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/114/0170-01" ] }, { "cite": "161 Ill. App. 3d 833", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3466197 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "839" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/161/0833-01" ] }, { "cite": "163 Ill. App. 3d 180", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 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App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3473944 ], "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "704" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/167/0694-01" ] }, { "cite": "55 Ill. App. 3d 720", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3410108 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "722" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/55/0720-01" ] }, { "cite": "165 Ill. App. 3d 266", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3615210 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "269" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/165/0266-01" ] }, { "cite": "135 Ill. App. 3d 394", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3600870 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "403" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/135/0394-01" ] }, { "cite": "391 U.S. 543", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1767611 ], "weight": 12, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "549" }, { "page": "802" }, { "page": "1792" }, { "page": "550" }, { "page": "803" }, { "page": "1792" }, { "page": "550" }, { "page": "802-03" }, { "page": "1792" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/391/0543-01" ] }, { "cite": "44 Ill. App. 3d 510", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2815960 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "516" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/44/0510-01" ] }, { "cite": "107 S. Ct. 439", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "93 L. Ed. 2d 387", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "479 U.S. 951", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6472161, 6472388, 6472232, 6472074, 6471146, 6471980, 6471276, 6471374, 6471824, 6471446, 6471898, 6472604, 6472478, 6471615 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/479/0951-10", "/us/479/0951-12", "/us/479/0951-11", "/us/479/0951-09", "/us/479/0951-01", "/us/479/0951-08", "/us/479/0951-02", "/us/479/0951-03", "/us/479/0951-06", "/us/479/0951-04", "/us/479/0951-07", "/us/479/0951-14", "/us/479/0951-13", "/us/479/0951-05" ] }, { "cite": "141 Ill. App. 3d 71", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3496112 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "73" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/141/0071-01" ] }, { "cite": "161 Ill. App. 3d 394", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3467582 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "398-99" }, { "page": "400" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/161/0394-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 S. Ct. 106", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "70 L. Ed. 2d 93", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "454 U.S. 821", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6227496, 6228201, 6227787, 6227148, 6228492, 6228876, 6226287, 6225715, 6226615, 6226009, 6226906, 6225469 ], "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/454/0821-08", "/us/454/0821-10", "/us/454/0821-09", "/us/454/0821-07", "/us/454/0821-11", "/us/454/0821-12", "/us/454/0821-04", "/us/454/0821-02", "/us/454/0821-05", "/us/454/0821-03", "/us/454/0821-06", "/us/454/0821-01" ] }, { "cite": "84 Ill. 2d 64", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3045271 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "69" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/84/0064-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 S. Ct. 1469", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "99 L. Ed. 2d 698", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "485 U.S. 1006", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 13377, 13318, 13736, 13195, 13454, 13614, 13265, 14006, 13946 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/485/1006-04", "/us/485/1006-08", "/us/485/1006-06", "/us/485/1006-09", "/us/485/1006-02", "/us/485/1006-07", "/us/485/1006-05", "/us/485/1006-03", "/us/485/1006-01" ] }, { "cite": "117 Ill. 2d 194", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5545221 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "221" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/117/0194-01" ] }, { "cite": "415 U.S. 164", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6172884 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "171" }, { "page": "249-50" }, { "page": "993" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/415/0164-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 921, "char_count": 20303, "ocr_confidence": 0.767, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.826590228654123e-08, "percentile": 0.5334475098741278 }, "sha256": "d8c8e95070c5c3064b4d8351442976350f27f318b765b14a91b5c794d998cd13", "simhash": "1:f8ac3cd6eb48b576", "word_count": 3429 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:20:22.173562+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JEFFREY WALTERS, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE INGLIS\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nFollowing a jury trial, defendant, Jeffrey Walters, was found guilty of armed violence (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 38, par. 33A \u2014 2), attempted armed robbery (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 38, par. 8 \u2014 4(a)), and aggravated battery (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 38, par. 12 \u2014 4(b)(1)). Defendant was sentenced to 11 years on the armed violence convietion and to 8V2 years for attempted armed robbery, both sentences to run concurrently. The court did not impose a sentence on the aggravated battery conviction. Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal.\nOn appeal, defendant contends that: (1) the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress; (2) his aggravated battery conviction should be vacated; and (3) the trial court erred in failing to appoint independent counsel to review defendant\u2019s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. We reverse and remand.\nJoseph Imbrogno testified at trial that he was the owner of Pal Joey\u2019s Restaurant in West Chicago, Illinois. On February 4, 1987, at approximately 1:30 a.m., Imbrogno was approached by two men as he was sitting in his car behind his restaurant. One of the men told Imbrogno that they wanted his money and fired a shot into the car. The bullet hit Imbrogno in the face, and Imbrogno drove his car away from the restaurant and onto Roosevelt Road. Imbrogno managed to attract the attention of a West Chicago police officer, and he was taken to the emergency room of a nearby hospital. Imbrogno gave a brief description of the two men to the police, although he was unable to identify them because they were wearing ski masks.\nChester Fallin, a codefendant in the case, agreed to testify against defendant in exchange for a 10- to 15-year sentence on charges identical to those facing defendant. Fallin testified that he decided to rob Pal Joey\u2019s Restaurant because he was familiar with Joseph Imbrogno\u2019s habits. Fallin stated that he brought two ski masks, along with a gun, to the robbery scene. He further stated that after Imbrogno exited the restaurant, defendant grabbed the gun from him, approached Imbrogno\u2019s automobile, and shot Imbrogno. Fallin took the gun back and later sold it to an individual identified as Ray Lamping. Fallin left West Chicago the following day and returned approximately one month later. He was arrested on March 14,1987.\nOn March 16, 1987, Fallin gave a statement to the police implicating himself, defendant, and Ray Lamping in the shooting. However, he later told the police that Lamping was not involved in the crime. Fallin admitted that he had implicated Lamping because Lamping gave the gun to the police.\nMichael Hatchell testified that he was a friend of defendant and spoke to defendant on the phone two or three days after the shooting. Hatchell stated that defendant told him that Fallin shot Imbrogno during a robbery attempt and that defendant \u201cwished he hadn\u2019t done it.\u201d In October 1987, Hatchell received another phone call from defendant. Defendant told Hatchell that he did not commit the crime but instead that Fallin and Lamping committed the crime.\nThe State\u2019s final witness, Joseph Verive, agreed to testify against defendant after the State agreed to recommend a four-year sentence on an unrelated residential burglary charge and not to prosecute him for a bail bond violation. Verive testified that Fallin and defendant planned the Pal Joey\u2019s robbery while at Verive\u2019s apartment on February 3, 1987. Verive stated that Fallin and defendant left his apartment around 10 p.m., with Fallin returning about six hours later. Failin\u2019s first words to Verive were \u201cman, Jeff [the defendant] shot a guy.\u201d Verive also stated that he saw defendant approximately two or three weeks after the robbery. Defendant told Verive that he had to leave the State because the police recovered the gun that was used in the shooting.\nDefendant did not testify and did not present any evidence at trial. Following closing arguments, the jury returned guilty verdicts on all three counts. Defendant filed two post-trial motions, one by counsel and the other pro se, which were both denied. This appeal followed.\nDefendant first contends on appeal that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress the ski masks found as a result of a search at his apartment. Defendant argues that he had standing to contest the search, that the search warrant was invalid, and that the consent given on the \u201csearch waiver\u201d form was involuntary. For the reasons stated below, we agree.\nPrior to trial, defendant filed a motion to quash the search warrant and to suppress the evidence seized as a result of the search. The search warrant was issued for 805 Burr Oak, apartment No. 204, but was changed by the police officers to read apartment No. 207. This change was made without notifying or obtaining the consent of the issuing magistrate. The trial court granted the motion to quash the search warrant. In addition, the court conducted a hearing on the validity of a consent-to-search form signed by defendant\u2019s mother.\nThe State\u2019s first witness at the suppression hearing was Detective William Waterfield of the Du Page County sheriff\u2019s department. Detective Waterfield testified that he, along with eight other police officers, went to search defendant\u2019s apartment on,.April 15, 1987. Waterfield stated that he had been to the apartment once before, and believed that defendant, along with his mother and two brothers, resided there. The officers knocked at the door, did not receive an answer, kicked down the door and entered the apartment. The officers began to search the apartment, and 15 minutes later, Detective Waterfield asked Barbara Ruenzel, defendant\u2019s mother, if he could search her automobile and the apartment. Mrs. Ruenzel agreed, and Waterfield executed a \u201csearch waiver\u201d form which Ruenzel signed.\nA copy of the \u201csearch waiver\u201d form was included in the record on appeal. An examination of the form shows that the consent was given to search the \u201cperson \u2014 vehicle\u2014residence\u201d of Ruenzel, with the words \u201cperson\u201d and \u201cresidence\u201d crossed out. However, Detective Waterfield wrote in \u201cresidence\u201d above the typed word that had been crossed out. Ruenzel did not initial any of the changes made on the form.\nOfficer Donald Goncher of the West Chicago police department testified that he found two ski masks in the apartment, one in a closet and the other in a bedroom dresser. Officer Goncher stated that he found the ski masks approximately 15 minutes after Detective Waterfield announced that Mrs. Ruenzel had given her consent to the search.\nBarbara Ruenzel testified that she was at the apartment on the day of the search. Ruenzel stated that the police did not knock on the door, but instead \u201cthe door came crashing in\u201d and \u201cpolice officers came charging in.\u201d She was given a copy of the search warrant and was told to sit on the sofa while the officers searched the apartment. Ruenzel testified that she was asked to sign a consent form about one hour after the police arrived at the apartment. Ruenzel stated that she signed the consent form so that the police could only search her automobile. However, she also stated that there were no changes or words crossed out on the form at the time she signed it.\nThere was some confusion as to whether Ruenzel lived at the apartment that was searched. Ruenzel stated that she did not live at the apartment and did not personally know the woman who did live at the apartment. She further stated that she did not need an invitation to visit the apartment, but instead would just \u201cshow up.\u201d However, Ruenzel also testified that she kept all of her jewelry and some clothing at the apartment, and her inoperative automobile was parked in the parking lot outside of the apartment. Furthermore, Detective Waterfield testified that Ruenzel identified the residence as \u201cmy apartment.\u201d\nAt the close of the hearing, the State asserted that defendant failed to prove standing to challenge the search. The trial court agreed and denied defendant\u2019s motion to suppress.\nIn order to have standing to challenge a search, a defendant must demonstrate that his own fourth amendment rights have been violated. (People v. Santana (1987), 161 Ill. App. 3d 833, 839.) To do so, a defendant must demonstrate that he has a reasonable expectation of privacy in the place searched or the property seized. (People v. Johnson (1986), 114 Ill. 2d 170, 191, cert. denied (1987), 480 U.S. 951, 94 L. Ed. 2d 802, 107 S. Ct. 1618; People v. Morrison (1988), 178 Ill. App. 3d 76, 82.) In determining whether an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy, a court may look at property ownership, possessory interest in the area or property seized, ability to control use of the property, prior use of the property seized or area searched, and whether defendant had a subjective expectation of privacy in the property. (United States v. Salvucci (1980), 448 U.S. 83, 91, 65 L. Ed. 2d 619, 628, 100 S. Ct. 2547, 2553; Johnson, 114 Ill. 2d at 191-92; People v. Dowery (1988), 174 Ill. App. 3d 239, 242.) It has been held that a person possesses a reasonable expectation of privacy in the apartment where he or she resides. See Payton v. New York (1980), 445 U.S. 573, 589-90, 63 L. Ed. 2d 639, 653, 100 S. Ct. 1371, 1381-82; People v. Bolden (1987), 152 Ill. App. 3d 631, 635; People v. Seybold (1981), 98 Ill. App. 3d 236, 241-42; see also People v. Vought (1988), 174 Ill. App. 3d 563 (reasonable expectation of privacy in hotel room where defendant was a registered guest).\nThe State argues that defendant did not have standing to challenge the search because defendant did not present any evidence to show that he had a reasonable expectation of privacy at the apartment that was searched. At a suppression hearing, the defendant has the burden of proving that the search and seizure were unlawful. (People v. Wingren (1988), 167 Ill. App. 3d 313, 319; People v. Gross (1988), 166 Ill. App. 3d 413, 423, cert. denied (1988),_U.S--, 102 L. Ed. 2d 115, 109 S. Ct. 142.) Defendant argues that the evidence at the suppression hearing was sufficient to satisfy defendant\u2019s burden of proof regarding standing to contest the search.\nAt the suppression hearing, Detective Waterfield testified that defendant lived at \u201c805 Burr Oak, apartment 207 in West Chicago.\u201d Waterfield stated that defendant was not present during the search, but he did reside at the apartment that was searched. Furthermore, Waterfield stated that he was acquainted with defendant because he had searched defendant\u2019s apartment on one occasion prior to the April 15,1987, search.\nDetective Charles Brinn also testified at the suppression hearing that he was present during the search of the apartment, and \u201cwas aware of a few people that lived in that apartment at that time; a Mrs. Barbra [sic] Runzel [sic], Jeffrey Walters [defendant].\u201d In addition, Detective Brinn, in a sworn request for a search warrant, stated that a search of 805 Burr Oak, apartment Number 207, Jeffrey Walters\u2019 apartment, would result in locating stolen property.\nThe State argues that the police officer\u2019s testimony at the suppression hearing was insufficient to prove that defendant actually lived at the apartment. We disagree. The police officer\u2019s unrebutted testimony established that defendant resided at the apartment that was the subject of the search. As such, defendant did have a possessory interest in the apartment and a reasonable expectation of privacy in the premises. Consequently, we believe that defendant had standing to assert a violation of his fourth amendment rights.\nThe State next contends that even if defendant had standing to contest the search, defendant\u2019s motion to suppress would not have been granted because defendant\u2019s mother signed the \u201csearch waiver\u201d form. A search conducted pursuant to a valid consent is an exception to the requirements of both' probable cause and a valid search warrant. (Schneckloth v. Bustamonte (1973), 412 U.S. 218, 219, 36 L. Ed. 2d 854, 858, 93 S. Ct. 2041, 2043-44.) Consent to search a residence may be given by a, third party who has control over the premises to be searched. (United States v. Matlock (1974), 415 U.S. 164, 171, 39 L. Ed. 2d 242, 249-50, 94 S. Ct. 988, 993; People v. White (1987), 117 Ill. 2d 194, 221, cert. denied (1988), 485 U.S. 1006, 99 L. Ed. 2d 698, 108 S. Ct. 1469.) The validity of such a consent depends on whether the consent was voluntarily given. (People v. Bean (1981), 84 Ill. 2d 64, 69, cert. denied (1981), 454 U.S. 821, 70 L. Ed. 2d 93, 102 S. Ct. 106.) In determining whether the consent was voluntary, it must be shown that the consent was freely given, and not the result of duress or coercion. People v. Daugherty (1987), 161 Ill. App. 3d 394, 398-99.\nIn the case at bar, Barbara Ruenzel admitted that she authorized a search of her automobile and freely signed a consent-to-search form to allow the police officers to do so. However, she stated that she did not authorize the police to search anything but her automobile. Detective Waterfield disagreed, testifying that Ruenzel gave the police the authority to search the apartment in addition to the automobile. A consent search is reasonable only if kept within the constraints of the actual consent. People v. Porter (1986), 141 Ill. App. 3d 71, 73, cert. denied (1986), 479 U.S. 951, 93 L. Ed. 2d 387, 107 S. Ct. 439; People v. Sanders (1976), 44 Ill. App. 3d 510, 516.\nUnder the above-stated principles, we believe that the scope of the actual search exceeded Mrs. Ruenzel\u2019s consent. While it is undisputed that Ruenzel did consent to a search of her automobile, it is disputed as to whether she consented to a search of the apartment. After a careful examination of the testimony and the \u201csearch waiver\u201d form, we do not believe that Ruenzel consented to a search of the apartment. We make this determination by noting that the police officers already had a search warrant, albeit an invalid search warrant, to search the apartment. Thus, if the officers believed that they had a valid search warrant, they would not need Ruenzel\u2019s consent to search the apartment.\nIf, however, the police officers did not believe that they possessed a valid search warrant at the inception of the search, the fact that the officers obtained consent to search the apartment would not alleviate the taint of the officers\u2019 illegal entry. In Bumper v. North Carolina (1968), 391 U.S. 543, 20 L. Ed. 2d 797, 88 S. Ct. 1788, the court stated that \u201c[a] search conducted in reliance upon a warrant cannot later be justified on the basis of consent if it turns out that the warrant was invalid.\u201d (391 U.S. at 549, 20 L. Ed. 2d at 802, 88 S. Ct. at 1792; see also People v. Koniecki (1985), 135 Ill. App. 3d 394, 403 (consent obtained \u201cby the exploitation of the prior illegal search\u201d not sufficiently distinguishable to remove it from the original taint).) Furthermore, in People v. Day (1988), 165 Ill. App. 3d 266, the court held that a consent obtained after an illegal entry \u201cis not sufficiently attenuated from the illegality as to remove the taint.\u201d (Day, 165 Ill. App. 3d at 269.) In the present case, the testimony most favorable to the State is that the police officers knocked on the apartment door, did not announce their office, kicked down the door and began to actively search the apartment. After searching the apartment for approximately 15 minutes, the officers asked for and received Ruenzel\u2019s consent to search her automobile and possibly the apartment. The officers altered the search warrant to such a degree to render it invalid. (See People v. Trantham (1977), 55 Ill. App. 3d 720, 722 (warrant would have to be quashed as a matter of law if the police had searched the desired apartment instead of the apartment listed in the warrant).) In addition, the officers did not announce their office prior to kicking down the door. (See People v. Trask (1988), 167 Ill. App. 3d 694, 704; People v. Marinez (1987), 160 Ill. App. 3d 349, 352 (purpose of announcing their office is to notify individuals of the police presence and impending intrusion so that vioIence can be avoided and privacy respected).) Thus, given the absence of exigent circumstances in this case, the officers violated the policy behind the \u201cknock and announce\u201d rule. See People v. Ouellette (1979), 78 Ill. 2d 511, 516-17.\nAfter a review of all of the above-mentioned factors, this court is left with no alternative but to hold that Ruenzel\u2019s consent to search the apartment, if given at all, was not voluntarily given. After the police entered the apartment, Detective Waterfield handed Barbara Ruenzel a search warrant, and the officers began to search the apartment. As the court in Bumper stated:\n\u201cWhen a law enforcement officer claims authority to search a home under a warrant, he announces in effect that the occupant has no right to resist the search. The situation is instinct with coercion \u2014 albeit colorably lawful coercion. Where there is coercion there cannot be consent.\u201d (Bumper, 391 U.S. at 550, 20 L. Ed. 2d at 803, 88 S. Ct. at 1792.)\nWhile it is true that not every consent to search is automatically vitiated when a tainted warrant is involved (see Comeaux v. Henderson (5th Cir. 1972), 462 F.2d 1345, 1346), a consent is deemed invalid if the consent itself is the fruit of the illegal search warrant. (United States v. Stine (E.D. Pa. 1978), 458 F. Supp. 366.) In Stine, the court held that the consent was the fruit of the illegality in that the police officers were searching the defendant\u2019s home before obtaining the consent, leaving the defendant little time to make an independent decision or for intervening circumstances to lead him to conclude that he should consent to the search. (458 F. Supp. at 371.) In the case at bar, the officers claimed to have authority to search the apartment by possessing a search warrant. Thus, the occupants of the apartment, including Barbara Ruenzel, had no right to resist the search. Under the rationale enunciated in Bumper, Barbara Ruenzel\u2019s consent was involuntary. Absent a voluntary consent, the police did not have authority to search the apartment. (See Bumper, 391 U.S. at 550, 20 L. Ed. 2d at 802-03, 88 S. Ct. at 1792; Daugherty, 161 Ill. App. 3d at 400.) Consequently, it was error for the trial court to admit the fruits of the search, namely the two ski masks, into evidence at trial. As a result, this cause must be remanded to the trial court for a new trial.\nHaving decided that the trial court erred in admitting the. ski masks into evidence at trial, we now need to address the question of the sufficiency of the evidence adduced at trial which was used to convict defendant. At trial, the gun used in the shooting was properly admitted into evidence, and the testimony of a friend, a codefendant, and a friend of the codefendant implicated defendant in the offense at issue. Pursuant to People v. Taylor (1979), 76 Ill. 2d 289, 309, we believe that the evidence at trial was sufficient for the jury to conclude that defendant was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This does not mean that we are making a determination as to defendant\u2019s guilt or innocence which would be binding upon retrial; rather, our consideration of the evidence adduced at trial will remove the risk of subjecting defendant to double jeopardy. (See People v. Ferguson (1988), 172 Ill. App. 3d 1, 12; People v. Threzzy (1987), 163 Ill. App. 3d 180, 185.) Since we conclude that defendant is entitled to a new trial on this issue alone, we do not believe that it is necessary to address defendant\u2019s other two contentions on appeal.\nFor the above stated reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Du Page County is reversed, and this cause is remanded for a new trial.\nReversed and remanded.\nUNVERZAGT, P.J., and NASH, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE INGLIS" } ], "attorneys": [ "G. Joseph Weller and Kim M. DeWitt, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Elgin, for appellant.", "James E. Ryan, State\u2019s Attorney, of Wheaton (William L. Browers and Colleen M. Griffin, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JEFFREY WALTERS, Defendant-Appellant.\nSecond District\nNo. 2\u201488\u20140106\nOpinion filed July 28, 1989.\nRehearing denied September 27, 1989.\nG. Joseph Weller and Kim M. DeWitt, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Elgin, for appellant.\nJames E. Ryan, State\u2019s Attorney, of Wheaton (William L. Browers and Colleen M. Griffin, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0661-01", "first_page_order": 687, "last_page_order": 696 }