{ "id": 2521954, "name": "RICHARD G. RUTTER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE HORACE MANN INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "Rutter v. Horace Mann Insurance", "decision_date": "1989-10-27", "docket_number": "No. 2\u201489\u20140043", "first_page": "467", "last_page": "482", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "190 Ill. App. 3d 467" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "493 N.E.2d 748", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "753" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "143 Ill. App. 3d 957", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5667306 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "963-64" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/143/0957-01" ] }, { "cite": "499 N.E.2d 539", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "545" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "148 Ill. App. 3d 526", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3644268 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "535" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/148/0526-01" ] }, { "cite": "515 N.E.2d 1304", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1306-07" }, { "page": "1306-07" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "162 Ill. App. 3d 549", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3507857 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "553" }, { "page": "553" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/162/0549-01" ] }, { "cite": "488 N.E.2d 548", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "550" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "109 Ill. 2d 419", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3127018 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "425-26" }, { "page": "425" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/109/0419-01" ] }, { "cite": "465 N.E.2d 956", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "962" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "125 Ill. App. 3d 329", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3632925 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "337" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/125/0329-01" ] }, { "cite": "516 N.E.2d 268", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "270-71" }, { "page": "270" }, { "page": "270-71" }, { "page": "270-71" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "118 Ill. 2d 430", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3188791 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "434-35" }, { "page": "434" }, { "page": "434-35" }, { "page": "433-35" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/118/0430-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 950, "char_count": 34750, "ocr_confidence": 0.763, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.4069810491360305e-07, "percentile": 0.799539278158688 }, "sha256": "67af7c5e296e94ff9ac90fb9b50438602ef1ef297f000fea3045dab9f281f2a2", "simhash": "1:7bf00f85f34c0c6e", "word_count": 5487 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:35:40.569733+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "RICHARD G. RUTTER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE HORACE MANN INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE LINDBERG\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff, Richard G. Rutter, appeals from orders of the circuit court of Winnebago County (1) denying plaintiff\u2019s and granting defendant the Horace Mann Insurance Company\u2019s motions for summary judgment and (2) denying plaintiff\u2019s amended motion to reconsider the granting of defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment on plaintiff\u2019s complaint seeking a declaratory judgment reforming his automobile insurance policy with defendant by implying underinsuredmotorist coverage. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.\nOn April 15, 1983, defendant reissued a policy of automobile liability insurance providing plaintiff with, inter alia, bodily-injury liability coverage of $100,000 per person and $300,000 per occurrence and uninsured-motor-vehicle-bodily-injury coverage of $15,000 per person and $30,000 per occurrence. It appears that on September 16, 1983, plaintiff was involved in an automobile accident in which another driver, Carlyle L. Gemmer (Gemmer), was at fault. Plaintiff contends that Gemmer was underinsured, that defendant did not make a proper offer to him of underinsured-motorist coverage (see Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2(3); Fuoss v. Auto Owners (Mutual) Insurance Co. (1987), 118 Ill. 2d 430, 516 N.E.2d 268; Tucker v. Country Mutual Insurance Co. (1984), 125 Ill. App. 3d 329, 465 N.E.2d 956), and that he is therefore entitled to implied underinsured-motorist coverage \u201cin the amount of his bodily-injury liability portion of his policy ($100,000 per person/$300,000 per occurrence)\u201d under his policy with defendant.\nThe basis of the trial court\u2019s order granting defendant\u2019s and denying plaintiff\u2019s motions for summary judgment was its conclusion that Gemmer was not an underinsured motorist. Section 143a \u2014 2 of the Illinois Insurance Code (the Code) provides, inter alia:\n\u201cFor the purpose of this Act the term \u2018underinsured motor vehicle\u2019 means a motor vehicle whose ownership, maintenance or use has resulted in bodily injury or death of the insured, as defined in the policy, and for which the sum of the limits of liability under all bodily injury liability insurance policies or under bonds or other security required to be maintained under Illinois law applicable to the driver or to the person or organization legally responsible for such vehicle and applicable to the vehicle, is less than the limits for underinsured coverage provided the insured as defined in the policy at the time of the accident.\u201d (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2(3).)\nGemmer\u2019s policy provided single limit liability coverage. It also contained the following provision, as an amendment, designed to satisfy the requirements of Illinois law (see Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 95V2, par. 7-203):\n\u201cThe limit of Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Coverage shall first be\n1. $15,000 for all damages arising out of bodily injury sustained by one person as the result of any one occurrence,\n2. $30,000 for all damages arising out of bodily injury sustained by two or more persons as the result of any one occurrence, and\n3. $10,000 for all damages arising out of injury to or destruction of all property of one or more persons or organizations as the result of any one occurrence, [sic]\nand such limits shall then be supplemented by any amount remaining within the limit for Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Coverage stated in the Declarations, which limit is the total amount of the Company\u2019s liability for all damages as the result of any one occurrence.\u201d\nPlaintiff, asserting as he has throughout this litigation that Gemmer\u2019s policy had a single limit for liability of $100,000, argues:\n\u201cAt the time of the accident, therefore, the Gemmer policy only afforded $90,000.00 as the limit of bodily injury liability coverage available to Gemmer. If plaintiff\u2019s policy is reformed to equal his own $100,000/$300,000 limit, Gemmer is an under-insured motorist under any interpretation of Sec. 143a \u2014 2.\u201d\nFrom the arguments in the trial court and the trial court\u2019s statement of the reasons for its ruling, it is apparent that both parties and the court believed that, if plaintiff\u2019s insurance policy with defendant was reformed to include underinsured-motorist coverage, that coverage\u2019s limits would be equal to the $100,000-per-person/$300,000-per-occur-rence limits of the policy\u2019s bodily-injury liability coverage. It is also apparent that all concerned recognized that it was the $100,000-per-person limit that would apply to the September 16, 1983, accident. Moreover, plaintiff claims that after Gemmer\u2019s policy paid for $16,757.97 in property-damage claims as a result of the September 16, 1983, accident, there remained only $83,242.03 in coverage for bodily injury.\nThus, plaintiff\u2019s contentions that Gemmer was underinsured are premised on the assumption that Gemmer\u2019s policy provided $100,000-single-limit liability coverage which, after setting aside the required $10,000 pursuant to the policy amendment or paying the actual $16,757.97 for property damage, provided less than the $100,000 per person bodily-injury limit in plaintiff\u2019s insurance policy with defendant. (See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2.) Defendant and the trial court also assumed, apparently based on plaintiff\u2019s amended complaint, that Gemmer\u2019s insurance policy had a single limit for liability of $100,000.\nDuring oral argument of this case, this court brought to the attention of counsel for both parties an exhibit indicating Gemmer\u2019s policy had a single limit of $300,000 which was attached to plaintiffs counsel\u2019s affidavit in support of the amended motion to reconsider. In response to a suggestion from the bench as to how to present the matter to the court, counsel for plaintiff has filed a motion to amend the record on appeal supported by an affidavit of plaintiff\u2019s counsel and a stipulation by both parties \u201cthat the Record on Appeal herein may be amended in accordance with Plaintiff\u2019s Motion for Leave to Amend the Record on Appeal.\u201d In the motion, plaintiff seeks \u201cleave to amend the record on appeal *** by deleting page 381 of the Record on Appeal, which purports to show the declaration page of the automobile liability policy of Carlyle L. Gemmer *** at the time of the September 16, 1983 automobile accident with [plaintiff] at issue herein, but which actually is a Gemmer declaration page dated 10/28/82 in the amount of $300,000.00, and substituting the correct declaration page dated 4/ 28/83 in the amount of $100,000.00.\u201d Plaintiff\u2019s counsel\u2019s affidavit in support of the motion to amend the record states, inter alia:\n\u201c8. At the time of the filing of Affiant\u2019s Affidavit at pages 366-395 of the Record on Appeal herein, the October 28, 1982/ $300,000.00 declaration page was inadvertently attached to Gemmer\u2019s insurance policy rather that [sic] the April 28, 1983/ $100,000.00 declaration page.\n9. The April 28, 1983/$100,000.00 declaration page attached to Appellant\u2019s Motion to Amend the Record on Appeal is a true and correct copy of the declaration page of Gemmer, which was in effect at the time of the September 13, 1983 automobile accident as produced in Appellant\u2019s civil suit against Gemmer.\u201d\nFrom the foregoing it is apparent that the record on appeal is completely accurate with respect to what occurred in the trial court. The case was tried on the assumption that Gemmer\u2019s policy had a $100,000 single limit; plaintiff\u2019s counsel\u2019s affidavit in support of the motion to reconsider stated that Gemmer\u2019s policy had a $100,000 single limit; and the exhibit attached to plaintiff\u2019s counsel\u2019s affidavit in support of the motion to reconsider included a declaration page indicating Gemmer had a policy with a single limit of $300,000. All of this occurred in the trial court and is accurately reflected in the record. Plaintiff\u2019s motion to amend the record seeks to substitute for the exhibit actually filed in the trial court an exhibit not only never filed in, but apparently also never presented to, the trial court on the ground that the substituted exhibit would more accurately indicate Gemmer\u2019s policy limits than the exhibit, actually filed.\nSupreme Court Rule 321 provides:\n\u201cThe record on appeal shall consist of the judgment appealed from, the notice of appeal, and the entire original common law trial court record, unless the parties stipulate for, or the trial court, after notice and hearing, or the reviewing court, orders less. The trial court record includes any report of proceedings prepared in accordance with Rule 323 and every other document filed and judgment and order entered in the cause. There is no distinction between the common law record and the report of proceedings for the purpose of determining what is properly before the reviewing court. No assignment of errors or cross-errors is necessary.\u201d (107 Ill. 2d R. 321.)\nFrom this it is apparent that the documents to be included in the record on appeal are only those which were filed in the case.\nSupreme Court Rule 329 provides:\n\u201cThe record on appeal shall be taken as true and correct unless shown to be otherwise and corrected in a manner permitted by this rule. Material omissions or inaccuracies or improper authentication may be corrected by stipulation of the parties or by the trial court, either before or after the record is transmitted to the reviewing court, or by the reviewing court or a judge thereof. Any controversy as to whether the record accurately discloses what occurred in the trial court shall be submitted to and settled by that court and the record made to conform to the truth. If the record is insufficient to present fully and fairly the questions involved, the requisite portions may be supplied at the cost of the appellant. If necessary, a supplemental record may be certified and transmitted.\u201d (107 Ill. 2d R. 329.)\nIn view of the opening sentence stating that the record \u201cshall be taken as true and correct unless shown to be otherwise and corrected\u201d in accordance with the rule (107 Ill. 2d R. 329); the later statement that \u201c[a]ny controversy as to whether the record accurately discloses what occurred in the trial court shall be submitted to and settled by that court and the record made to conform to the truth\u201d (107 Ill. 2d R. 329); the statement in the committee comments to the rule that \u201c[t]his rule is a comprehensive provision covering amendment of the record on appeal, correction of improper authentication, and the settling of any questions concerning whether the record conforms to the truth\u201d (Ill. Ann. Stat., ch. 110A, par. 329, Committee Comments, at 446 (Smith-Hurd 1985)); and the aforementioned provisions of Rule 321 concerning the contents of the record on appeal (107 Ill. 2d R. 321), it is apparent amendment of the record on appeal is permitted to make the record more accurately reflect what occurred in the trial court.\nIn the case at bar, the record accurately reflects what transpired in the trial court. The exhibit attached to the affidavit of plaintiff\u2019s counsel in support of the motion to reconsider apparently does not accurately reflect the state of Gemmer\u2019s coverage on the date of the accident. It is unquestioned, however, that it is the exhibit that was filed with the affidavit in the trial court. Accordingly, the motion to amend the record on appeal is denied.\nWe are thus faced with a record that is inconsistent with respect to whether Gemmer\u2019s policy provided $100,000 or $300,000 in coverage. Since not only plaintiff, but defendant and the court as well, assumed throughout the trial court proceedings that the policy had a $100,000 limit; since both parties assert in this court that the policy had a $100,000 limit; and since the only indication of a $300,000 limit is an affidavit of plaintiff\u2019s counsel, which is internally inconsistent in that it also asserts a $100,000 limit and which was filed only at the very end of the trial court proceedings in support of the motion to reconsider, we will consider the propriety of the judgment on the assumption that Gemmer\u2019s policy had a single limit of $100,000.\nPlaintiff contends that the trial court erred in granting defendant\u2019s and denying plaintiff\u2019s motions for summary judgment. Several subsidiary issues arise in the course of considering this primary issue: (1) whether defendant made a proper offer of underinsured-motorist coverage to plaintiff; (2) whether any deficiencies in the offer were remedied by information available to plaintiff from other sources; (3) if the offer was deficient, what the remedy for that deficiency should be; (4) whether Gemmer was underinsured; and (5) if Gemmer was underinsured, the amount of underinsured-motorist benefits to which plaintiff would be entitled.\nThe trial court ruled in favor of defendant on the ground that Gemmer was not an underinsured motorist. The court stated:\n\u201cThe statute in question defined underinsured motor vehicle as a vehicle for which the sum of the limits of liability under all bodily injury, liability insurance policy [sic] is less than the limits for underinsured coverage provides [sic] the insured as define [sic] in the policy at the time of the accident.\nIn this case, at the time of the accident, Gemmer had automobile insurance, combined policy in effect in the amount of a hundred thousand dollars. Therefore, there was available for Gemmer\u2019s bodily injury liability claim in that amount, a hundred thousand dollars. The entire limit of that amount might have been applied to Rutter\u2019s bodily injury claim. And therefore, I find that he was not an underinsured motorist.\u201d\nThe trial court ruled on \u201cthe other issues for appellate purposes,\u201d stating:\n\u201cWell, I\u2019m going to rule against the defendant on the other issues. Finding *** that the notice does lack one of the requisite elements, that being the statement that optional coverage is available for relatively modest premium increase or words that would convey that principle to the purchaser.\nAnd I find that that is an important element of the test for the reasons I stated, that a contrary understanding could prevail in the absence of that type of language to a person who is not familiar with the insurance pricing practices.\nAnd then as to the issue of whether the defendant may supplement the notice by information that was available through other sources to this particular insured, I would find that there is a factual issue. And that the plaintiff has raised a sufficient factual issue as to whether he, in fact, had actual knowledge of those matters.\u201d\nWe will discuss the issues in the order in which we have listed them.\nThe first issue to be discussed is whether defendant made a proper offer of underinsured-motorist coverage to plaintiff under section 143a \u2014 2 of the Code. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2.) We have stated the law applicable to this issue as follows:\n\u201cIn Cloninger v. National General Insurance Co. (1985), 109 Ill. 2d 419, 488 N.E.2d 548, our supreme court set forth a four-part test to determine the sufficiency of an offer for optional coverage as required by section 143a \u2014 2 of the Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2). To satisfy the requirements of section 143a \u2014 2, an offer must (1) notify the insured in a commercially reasonable manner if the offer is not made in face-to-face negotiations; (2) specify the limits of the optional coverage without using general terms; (3) intelligibly advise the insured of the nature of the offer; and (4) advise the insured that the optional coverage is available for a relatively modest premium increase. Cloninger v. National General Insurance Co. (1985), 109 Ill. 2d 419, 425-26, 488 N.E.2d 548[, 550].\u201d (Krska v. Allstate Insurance Co. (1987), 162 Ill. App. 3d 549, 553, 515 N.E.2d 1304, 1306-07.)\nWe believe that Krska correctly interpreted Cloninger and that the test as set forth in Krska applies to the issue at bar. We therefore decline defendant\u2019s invitation to overrule or distinguish Krska.\nPlaintiff only challenges defendant\u2019s offer of underinsuredmotorist coverage on the ground that it did not advise him that the coverage was available for a relatively modest premium increase. The offer was made in a \u201cstuffer\u201d sent with the notice to renew plaintiff\u2019s policy on October 1, 1980. The stuffer did not note the specific amount of premium increase for each different amount of underinsured-motorist coverage or that the coverage was available for a relatively modest premium increase. All the stuffer said about this subject was, \u201cNote that there is a separate premium charge for [underinsured motorist] Coverage.\u201d This statement, which was in the nature of a warning that the additional coverage would cost more money, was not the equivalent of the required element of an offer of underinsured-motorist coverage which is obviously intended to reassure an insured that the coverage is not very expensive. Defendant contends that documents it mailed to all its agents should be considered a part of its offer to plaintiff, who was a part-time agent of defendant. These documents were clearly no part of the offer of underinsured-motorist coverage but, rather, were intended to give all of defendant\u2019s agents information useful in selling its policies or serving its policyholders. We therefore conclude that the offer of underinsured-motorist coverage to plaintiff was insufficient.\nHowever, if plaintiff received from another source the information missing from the offer itself, no legitimate purpose would be served by relieving plaintiff of the consequences of his decision not to purchase the additional coverage. (See Cloninger v. National General Insurance Co. (1985), 109 Ill. 2d 419, 425, 488 N.E.2d 548, 550 (\u201c[W]e believe that the legislature intended that the \u2018offer\u2019 mandated in section 143a \u2014 2(3) provide the insured with enough information regarding underinsured-motorist coverage to allow' the insured to make an intelligent decision of whether such coverage should be elected or rejected\u201d).) Defendant filed affidavits and documents from which it can be concluded that defendant mailed to all of its agents a rate card specifying the additional premium charged for each amount of under-insured-motorist coverage available. Plaintiff filed an affidavit in which he denied receiving the information regarding premiums for underinsured-motorist coverage. Since the question at this point is whether an inadequate offer may be made adequate by information from a source other than the offer itself, we disagree with defendant\u2019s contention that it is only necessary that the information have been sent to plaintiff in a commercially reasonable manner. Rather, to supplement an otherwise inadequate offer, it is necessary that the additional information actually be received by the insured. There was, accordingly, a genuine issue of material fact with respect to whether plaintiff received the premium information that would have supplied the information missing from the offer.\nAt this point, it is necessary to determine the appropriate remedy if the offer was deficient. The cases are agreed that the remedy is to imply underinsured-motorist coverage, but are not agreed as to the amount. Three approaches to determining the amount have been employed. It has been held that the proper remedy for an insurance provider\u2019s failure to properly offer underinsured-motorist coverage is to imply such coverage by the operation of law with limits equal to the insured\u2019s uninsured-motorist coverage (Tucker v. Country Mutual Insurance Co. (1984), 125 Ill. App. 3d 329, 337, 465 N.E.2d 956, 962); equal to the limits the insured selected for bodily-injury coverage (Fuoss v. Auto Owners (Mutual) Insurance Co. (1986), 148 Ill. App. 3d 526, 535, 499 N.E.2d 539, 545); or equal to the maximum amount of bodily-injury liability coverage being offered by the insurance provider for the last renewal period prior to the insured\u2019s injury (Logsdon v. Shelter Mutual Insurance Co. (1986), 143 Ill. App. 3d 957, 963-64, 493 N.E.2d 748, 753). The third approach, which was argued by plaintiff in the trial court but not on appeal, is no longer viable in light of our supreme court\u2019s decision in Fuoss v. Auto Owners (Mutual) Insurance Co. (1987), 118 Ill. 2d 430, 434-35, 516 N.E.2d 268, 270-71.\nContrary to the implication in plaintiff\u2019s brief, our supreme court in Fuoss did not decide whether the remedy for an inadequate offer of underinsured-motorist coverage should be implication of coverage in the amount of uninsured-motorist coverage or implication of coverage in the amount of the insured\u2019s bodily-injury liability limits. (See Fuoss v. Auto Owners (Mutual) Insurance Co. (1987), 118 Ill. 2d 430, 434, 516 N.E.2d 268, 270 (the court did not decide between these two possible remedies because, even under the more favorable of the two, Fuoss would not be entitled to any relief).) Large amounts of underinsured-motorist coverage should not be implied on the basis of ambiguous or highly speculative claims by the insured. See Fuoss v. Auto Owners (Mutual) Insurance Co. (1987), 118 Ill. 2d 430, 434-35, 516 N.E.2d 268, 270-71.\nIf a proper offer of uninsured-motorist coverage was made (see Krska v. Allstate Insurance Co. (1987), 162 Ill. App. 3d 549, 553, 515 N.E.2d 1304, 1306-07), we believe that any underinsured-motorist coverage implied should have limits equal to those of the uninsured-motorist coverage. This is because it is unlikely an insured would increase his uninsured-motorist coverage and pay for the higher level of underinsured-motorist coverage (see Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2(4) (\u201cThe named insured may elect to purchase limits of under-insured motorist coverage in an amount up to the uninsured motorist coverage\u201d)) so that he would have more coverage for accidents with motorists with some insurance than he was willing to purchase for accidents with wholly uninsured motorists. The offer of uninsured-motorist coverage at bar, however, suffers from the same defect as the offer of underinsured-motorist coverage, in that the stuffer did not provide adequate information with respect to the premiums charged for additional coverage. The offer of uninsured-motorist coverage might be supplemented in the same way the offer of underinsured-motorist coverage might be, so if the plaintiff received the documents defendant claims to have sent to him indicating the premiums charged for different amounts of uninsured-motorist coverage, then the most underinsured coverage that should be implied would have limits equal to plaintiff\u2019s uninsured-motorist coverage limits.\nIf, on the other hand, there was no proper offer of uninsured-motorist coverage and there was no supplementation to make any inadequate offer adequate, then we believe that the remedy for an insufficient offer of underinsured-motorist coverage should be the implication of such coverage with limits equal to the bodily-injury liability limits of the insured\u2019s policy. (See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, pars. 755a \u2014 2(2), (4) (insured may elect uninsured coverage up to his bodily-injury limits and underinsured coverage up to his uninsured coverage); Fuoss v. Auto Owners (Mutual) Insurance Co. (1987), 118 Ill. 2d 430, 433-35, 516 N.E.2d 268, 270-71 (court would not imply underinsured coverage in an amount greater than the bodily-injury limits originally selected by the insured).) In such a case, it is not improbable that the insured would have selected limits providing the insured with protection equivalent to that he provides the public. While it is true that the insured might have selected lower underinsured-motorist-coverage limits, it is not unreasonable to require the insurance provider to bear the risk that this may be true when it was the insurance provider\u2019s failure to make a proper offer of either uninsured or underinsured-motorist coverage that has made it impossible to reasonably imply lower coverage limits.\nPlaintiff\u2019s policy had uninsured-motorist coverage limits of $15,000 per person and $30,000 per occurrence. Since he has already received $83,242.03 from Gemmer\u2019s insurance provider for his injuries, it is obvious that plaintiff would be entitled to no recovery of underinsured-motorist benefits from defendant if the limits of that coverage were implied in amounts equal to plaintiff\u2019s uninsured-motorist coverage limits. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2(3).\nWhether Gemmer would be underinsured if underinsuredmotorist limits equal to plaintiff\u2019s bodily-injury liability limits were implied in the policy is the question the trial court found dispositive. The trial court stated:\n\u201c[A]t the time of the accident, Gemmer had automobile insurance, combined policy in effect in the amount of a hundred thousand dollars. Therefore, there was available for Gemmer\u2019s bodily injury liability claim in that amount, a hundred thousand dollars. The entire limit might have been applied to Rutter\u2019s bodily injury claim. And therefore, I find that he was not an underinsured motorist.\u201d\nDefendant makes essentially the same argument:\n\u201c[A]t the time of the occurrence, which is the relevant time frame under the Insurance Code, Gemmer had available $100,000 in bodily injury liability limits. The fact that some or all of the these [sic] limits could be exhausted by property damage claims does not alter the fact that a person injured by Gemmer\u2019s negligence could theoretically receive $100,000 from his carrier for those injuries.\n*** After all, plaintiff had the right to forego a property damage claim against Gemmer\u2019s insurer and claim $100,000 for bodily injury alone. Plaintiff might very well have done this, since his own policy contained collision coverage for the actual cash value of his vehicle ***. Plaintiff thus could have made a claim against his own policy for his property damage and sought $100,000 from Gemmer\u2019s insurer. Naturally, plaintiff did not do this because to do so would have defeated any claim that Gemmer was an underinsured motorist for bodily injury.\n* * *\nPlaintiff\u2019s argument that Gemmer is an underinsured motorist is based solely on the fact that some of Gemmer\u2019s coverage had to be set aside for a property damage claim. However, this argument assumes that plaintiff was under some compulsion to file such a claim or that a property damage claim was otherwise inevitable. This is not the case. Plaintiff had every right to file a $100,000 [claim] for bodily injury against Gemmer\u2019s policy and forego any claim for property damage.\u201d\nWe disagree with both defendant and the trial court.\nThe Code provides:\n\u201cFor the purpose of this Act the term \u2018underinsured motor vehicle\u2019 means a motor vehicle whose ownership, maintenance or use has resulted in bodily injury or death of the insured, as defined in the policy, and for which the sum of the limits of liability under all bodily injury liability insurance policies or under bonds or other security required to be maintained under Illinois law applicable to the driver or to the person or organization legally responsible for such vehicle and applicable to the vehicle, is less than the limits for underinsured coverage provided the insured as defined in the policy at the time of the accident.\u201d (Emphasis added.) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2(3).)\nGemmer\u2019s policy was, in basic form, one with a single $100,000 limit. The basic form was amended to include the following:\n\u201cThe limit of Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Coverage shall first be\n1. $15,000 for all damages arising out of bodily injury sustained by one person as the result of any one occurrence,\n2. $30,000 for all damages arising out of bodily injury sustained by two or more persons as the result of any one occurrence, and\n3. $10,000 for all damages arising out of injury to or destruction of all property of one or more persons or organizations as the result of any one occurrence, [sic]\nand such limits shall then be supplemented by any amount remaining within the limit for Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Coverage stated in the Declarations, which limit is the total amount of the Company\u2019s liability for all damages as the result of any one occurrence.\u201d\nContrary to defendant\u2019s contention, these terms did not give plaintiff the option of receiving all $100,000 in benefits from Gemmer\u2019s policy for bodily injury. Rather, they provide that the $100,000 total shall first be applied to meet the specific limits set forth, including the $10,000 limit for property damage, \u201cand such [specific] limits shall then be supplemented by any amount remaining within the [$100,000 overall] limit.\u201d Thus, in any claim where there is property damage, the bodily-injury limit of Gemmer\u2019s policy will necessarily be less than the $100,000 overall limit, since up to $10,000 must be paid for property damage before the bodily-injury limits of $15,000 per person and $30,000 per occurrence could be supplemented under the terms of the policy.\nThis interpretation of Gemmer\u2019s policy also avoids the creation of the Hobson\u2019s choice defendant\u2019s interpretation would create. Under defendant\u2019s interpretation, plaintiff would be required to decide whether he wanted $100,000 in bodily-injury benefits, in which case he would have to forego the $10,000 minimum in property protection guaranteed by the Illinois safety responsibility law (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 951/2, par. 7 \u2014 203); or whether he wanted benefits for the damage to his property, in which case he would have to forego the guarantees of his insurance policy and section 143a \u2014 2 of the Code that he be covered for bodily injury to at least the underinsured-motorist limits of his policy (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2(3)). Such a choice should not be forced on persons in plaintiff\u2019s position.\nDefendant\u2019s suggestion that it somehow makes a difference that plaintiff could have made a property-damage claim under his own insurance policy\u2019s collision coverage, and then taken the full $100,000 under Gemmer\u2019s policy for bodily injury, is incorrect. First, as was previously noted, Gemmer\u2019s policy did not give plaintiff the choice to eliminate property-damage benefits. Second, we see no good reason to force a choice of this sort on plaintiff, who may legitimately wish to avoid paying a deductible or having a property-damage claim in his claim history for an accident in which someone else with insurance was at fault. Third, the principle defendant urges, that an insured may be forced to take all of an at-fault driver\u2019s single limit policy\u2019s benefits for bodily injury so that the insured\u2019s own insurer may avoid the payment of underinsured-motorist benefits, would also apply to insureds having no collision coverage and so no source of compensation for their property-damage losses other than the at-fault driver\u2019s insurance. Fourth, in the case at bar, defendant is arguing that it should not be required to pay an amount in underinsured-motorist benefits equal to the amount of collision benefits (less a $250 deductible) it apparently concedes it would have owed had plaintiff made his claims in the manner defendant insists he should have. Defendant offers no reason it should receive such a windfall simply because plaintiff did not make his claims in a particular manner.\nFinally, we turn to the limits of defendant\u2019s liability in the event underinsured-motorist coverage is implied in the amount of plaintiff\u2019s bodily-injury limits. While the Code defines \u201cunderinsured motor vehicle\u201d by reference to a comparison of the total bodily-injury liability limits of the at-fault driver with the underinsured-motorist limits of the insured, it sets the limits of underinsured-motorist coverage in a somewhat different manner. In this regard the Code provides:\n\u201cThe limits of liability for an insurer providing underinsured motorist coverage shall be the limits of such coverage, less those amounts actually recovered under the applicable bodily injury insurance policies, bonds or other security maintained on the underinsured motor vehicle.\u201d (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 73, par. 755a \u2014 2(3).) So, if $100,000 in underinsured-motorist coverage is implied, and Gemmer\u2019s insurer actually paid $83,243.03 in bodily-injury benefits to plaintiff, the limit of liability for underinsured-motorist coverage under plaintiff\u2019s policy with defendant would be $16,756.97.\nThe trial court erred in granting summary judgment for defendant but did not err in denying summary judgment for plaintiff because there were genuine issues of material fact. This cause must therefore be remanded.\nOn remand, it should first be determined whether plaintiff actually received the information about specific premiums for different amounts of underinsured-motorist coverage that defendant claimed to have sent him as an agent. If plaintiff actually received this information, no underinsured-motorist coverage should be implied and so judgment should be entered for defendant.\nIf plaintiff did not actually receive the information about specific premiums for underinsured-motorist coverage, and if the first determination on remand has not already resolved the question, it should next be determined whether plaintiff actually received from defendant sufficient information about uninsured-motorist-coverage premiums to make adequate the otherwise inadequate offer of that coverage. If he did actually receive sufficient information about uninsured-motorist-coverage premiums, then underinsured-motorist coverage should be implied with limits equal to plaintiff\u2019s uninsured-motorist-coverage limits. Because the amount paid by Gemmer\u2019s insurance policy for bodily injury far exceeds the uninsured-motorist limits of plaintiff's policy, this would mean that judgment should be entered in favor of defendant.\nIf plaintiff also did not receive sufficient premium information about uninsured-motorist coverage, underinsured-motorist-coverage limits equal to plaintiff\u2019s bodily-injury liability limits should be implied. In that case the limit of defendant\u2019s liability would be $16,756.97, and, of course, judgment should be for plaintiff.\nThe judgment of the circuit court is affirmed in part and reversed in part, and the cause is remanded for further proceedings.\nAffirmed in part; reversed in part; and remanded.\nMcLAREN and REINHARD, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE LINDBERG" } ], "attorneys": [ "Joseph D. Olsen, of DeBruyne, Yalden & Olsen, of Rockford (Raphael E. Yalden II, of counsel), for appellant.", "David H. Levitt and D. Kendall Griffith, both of Hinshaw, Culbertson, Moelmann, Hoban & Fuller, of Chicago (Bruce L. Carmen, of counsel), for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "RICHARD G. RUTTER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE HORACE MANN INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee.\nSecond District\nNo. 2\u201489\u20140043\nOpinion filed October 27, 1989.\nJoseph D. Olsen, of DeBruyne, Yalden & Olsen, of Rockford (Raphael E. Yalden II, of counsel), for appellant.\nDavid H. Levitt and D. Kendall Griffith, both of Hinshaw, Culbertson, Moelmann, Hoban & Fuller, of Chicago (Bruce L. Carmen, of counsel), for appellee." }, "file_name": "0467-01", "first_page_order": 489, "last_page_order": 504 }