{ "id": 2475175, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FREDERICO TORRES, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Torres", "decision_date": "1990-05-18", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201488\u20143427", "first_page": "1066", "last_page": "1075", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "198 Ill. App. 3d 1066" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "443 U.S. 307", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6182418 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "318-19" }, { "page": "573-74" }, { "page": "2788-89" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/443/0307-01" ] }, { "cite": "538 N.E.2d 461", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "472" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "128 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3228708 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "49" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/128/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "178 N.E.2d 361", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "362" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "23 Ill. 2d 306", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2797257 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "307" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/23/0306-01" ] }, { "cite": "521 N.E.2d 1222", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1961, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1231" }, { "page": "1231" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "167 Ill. App. 3d 694", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3473944 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1961, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "707" }, { "page": "707" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/167/0694-01" ] }, { "cite": "532 N.E.2d 1365", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1371" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "178 Ill. App. 3d 453", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 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App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5533709 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "470" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/92/0465-01" ] }, { "cite": "383 N.E.2d 944", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "947" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "74 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2993996 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "6" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/74/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "498 N.E.2d 889", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "905" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "147 Ill. App. 3d 1039", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 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App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3505102 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "198-99" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/156/0194-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 N.E.2d 303", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "306-07" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "410 Ill. 410", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5311612 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "416-19" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/410/0410-01" ] }, { "cite": "470 U.S. 298", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11299279 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "314" }, { "page": "235" }, { "page": "1296" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/470/0298-01" ] }, { "cite": "426 N.E.2d 1241", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1243" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "100 Ill. App. 3d 755", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5501828 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "759" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/100/0755-01" ] }, { "cite": "482 N.E.2d 693", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "697" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "135 Ill. App. 3d 1075", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3599776 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1080" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/135/1075-01" ] }, { "cite": "408 N.E.2d 1098", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1103" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "86 Ill. App. 3d 1121", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3185383 ], "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1129" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/86/1121-01" ] }, { "cite": "394 N.E.2d 586", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "589" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "75 Ill. App. 3d 526", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3274340 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "530-31" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/75/0526-01" ] }, { "cite": "233 N.E.2d 367", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "371" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "39 Ill. 2d 125", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2858633 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "130-31" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/39/0125-01" ] }, { "cite": "248 N.E.2d 65", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1968, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "67" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "42 Ill. 2d 490", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2849624 ], "year": 1968, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "492" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/42/0490-01" ] }, { "cite": "452 U.S. 692", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1313927 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "694" }, { "page": "344" }, { "page": "2590" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/452/0692-01" ] }, { "cite": "384 U.S. 436", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12046400 ], "weight": 12, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "444" }, { "page": "706" }, { "page": "1612" }, { "page": "478" }, { "page": "726" }, { "page": "1630" }, { "page": "478" }, { "page": "726" }, { "page": "1630" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/384/0436-01" ] }, { "cite": "452 N.E.2d 525", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "534" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "97 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5514997 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "20" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/97/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "259 N.E.2d 241", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "245" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "45 Ill. 2d 388", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2896944 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "395-96" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/45/0388-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 916, "char_count": 18427, "ocr_confidence": 0.759, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.6827439816344984e-08, "percentile": 0.357628572167721 }, "sha256": "cdc8d8087c1ee4cd7d961ed7a36a30d29bbd80d616d801bb201ef954b0fd0cd7", "simhash": "1:ba6751aef24a97a2", "word_count": 3101 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:49:28.995518+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FREDERICO TORRES, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE RAKOWSKI\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nFollowing a jury trial, defendant Frederico Torres was found guilty of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver and sentenced to five years in prison. He appeals.\nOn appeal, defendant argues that: (1) the trial court erred in denying a motion to suppress statements he made prior to Miranda warnings; (2) juror responses during voir dire unfairly prejudiced the defendant by tainting those other veniremen present who later comprised the jury; (3) the trial court erred by admitting improper rebuttal evidence; and (4) the State failed to prove the defendant\u2019s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. We affirm.\nThe facts are these. Torres was arrested on March 19, 1987, when a Chicago police officer acting pursuant to a warrant conducted a search of his home and recovered cocaine.\nDuring the search, Torres made a statement accepting responsibility for the narcotics found. He filed a motion to suppress the statement contending that he was held in his home, not free to leave and that police interrogated him without advising him- of his Miranda rights.\nPolice officer Moran, the only witness at the suppression hearing, stated that some civilians including the defendant were held in the living room during the search. None were free to leave. After Moran found narcotics, Torres made a statement. Moran then gave Torres his Miranda warnings in the form of questions, and Torres answered yes to each one. Afterwards, Torres asked if he could make an additional statement. On cross-examination, Moran admitted that his written report on the search and arrest did not mention the Miranda warnings.\nAt trial, as prospective jurors were examined, the judge asked 37 candidates if they had any strong feelings about drugs which would interfere with their ability to serve. Eleven responded with negative views based on personal experience with family members or friends and were excused. No record was kept as defendant had waived a court reporter during voir dire. Defendant moved for a mistrial on the grounds that these remarks, made in the presence of other veniremen, tainted the selected jury. The court denied the motion.\nThe State\u2019s first witness was police officer John Moran. He testified that on March 19, 1987, he and other officers executed a search warrant for the home of \u201cCarmen\u201d at 2751 N. Artesian, Chicago, Illinois. Prior to conducting the search, the officers centralized and neutralized the civilians present in the living room. This group included defendant Frederico Torres and his wife, Carmen.\nMoran then searched the premises. In the pantry, he found two scales of the kind commonly used to bag cocaine, some papers which showed defendant\u2019s residence as the premises, and paint rollers containing bags of a white substance which field tested as cocaine. The officers collected these items in the dining room and told their sergeant that the warrant was \u201cpositive.\u201d According to Moran, Torres then told the police that the narcotics were his, not his wife\u2019s or anybody else\u2019s from the house.\nNext, Moran testified, he looked at the front bedroom of the first floor and saw a canopy bed and a closet with girl\u2019s clothes. In the rear bedroom, he saw a closet with clothes for an adult man and woman. He searched under the carpet and linoleum of the rear bedroom and uncovered $13,680 (or $14,680, the record is unclear) in bills ranging from hundreds to fives.\nAt that point, Moran was about to place Carmen Torres under arrest and had begun advising her of her Miranda rights. He testified that Frederico Torres once again stated that the drugs were his, not his wife\u2019s, and he would take responsibility.\nAccording to Moran\u2019s partner, Bill Szeczepaniak, Moran then read the Miranda rights to defendant Torres and asked him if he understood. Torres said he did and, for a third time, told Moran that the drugs and money in the house were his.\nThen Moran placed Torres under arrest. Moran stated he did not arrest Mrs. Torres since Mr. Torres had admitted responsibility, and the police did not want to arrest both parents while small children were left in the home.\nAt the end of the State\u2019s case, the parties stipulated that the substance found in the Torres pantry was 12.5 grams of cocaine.\nDefendant Torres testified that he lived at the Artesian address with his wife, five children, and two other adults. He denied having ever seen cocaine in the home. He claimed he had not entered the pantry for two years and did not sleep in the downstairs bedroom where the money was found. At one point, he admitted seeing the small scale in someone else\u2019s possession but later he denied having ever seen it.\nTorres testified further that he spoke to the police when they were going to arrest his wife, saying:\n\u201cI\u2019m the man of the house, I control the house.\n* * *\nI told officers I cannot let [them] arrest my wife because I\u2019m supposed to be responsible in the house and if they [are] going to arrest somebody to take me in.\u201d\nTorres also testified that he had no knowledge of where large sums of money were hidden in the house. He explained that he had sold a building and given $8,500 in cash to his wife. He also gave her $10, $20, and $50 bills from his weekly paychecks. He stated that the money had been found in his daughter\u2019s bedroom.\nThe State then recalled Officer Moran as a rebuttal witness. Moran testified that five of the bills recovered from the Torres home were marked bills which had been used in police drug transactions on December 9 and December 19, 1986. On both occasions, an undercover officer drove near defendant\u2019s home and sent a buyer in for drugs. On both occasions, the buyer returned to the police with the drugs, received the marked money, and rode away in the car with the undercover officer. Five of the bills recovered from the Torres home matched the serial numbers in police records of cash used in these two drug buys.\nI\nTorres first asserts that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress statements made during the police search of his home.\nRulings on suppression motions are based primarily on factual determinations and will not be reversed on appeal unless manifestly erroneous or against the manifest weight of the evidence. (People v. Mallett (1970), 45 Ill. 2d 388, 395-96, 259 N.E.2d 241, 245.) Questions concerning credibility which must be resolved to determine a suppression motion are for the trier of fact. People v. Davis (1983), 97 Ill. 2d 1, 20, 452 N.E.2d 525, 534.\nIn Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 U.S. 436, 16 L. Ed. 2d 694, 86 S. Ct. 1602, the Supreme Court set forth rules of procedure applicable to interrogations in custodial settings. These rules apply whenever there is \u201cquestioning *** by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way.\u201d Miranda, 384 U.S. at 444, 16 L. Ed. 2d at 706, 86 S. Ct. at 1612.\nDefendant argues that once contraband was discovered Miranda warnings should have been given and that any statement made prior to the warnings should be suppressed. He reasons that he was in a custodial setting, held in the living room while police searched his home. We disagree. Torres had simply been detained during a proper search of his home. Michigan v. Summers (1981), 452 U.S. 692, 694, 69 L. Ed. 2d 340, 344, 101 S. Ct. 2587, 2590.\nNonetheless, assuming arguendo that a custodial situation did exist, Miranda protections are not triggered unless there is also \u201cquestioning by law enforcement officers.\u201d The important issue is not whether an individual in custody can talk to the police without counsel but whether he can bp interrogated. (Miranda, 384 U.S. at 478, 16 L. Ed. 2d at 726, 86 S. Ct. at 1630.) Even for defendants in custody \u201c[volunteered statements of any kind are not barred by the Fifth Amendment.\u201d Miranda, 384 U.S. at 478, 16 L. Ed. 2d at 726, 86 S. Ct. at 1630; see also People v. Shelton (1969), 42 Ill. 2d 490, 492, 248 N.E.2d 65, 67; People v. Hill (1968), 39 Ill. 2d 125, 130-31, 233 N.E.2d 367, 371.\nDefendant cites three cases for the proposition that the State may not use statements elicited by the police in the absence of Miranda warnings. (People v. Hentz (1979), 75 Ill. App. 3d 526, 530-31, 394 N.E.2d 586, 589; People v. Szerletich (1980), 86 Ill. App. 3d 1121, 1129, 408 N.E.2d 1098, 1103; People v. Roundtree (1985), 135 Ill. App. 3d 1075, 1080, 482 N.E.2d 693, 697.) Torres also cites People v. Levendoski (1981), 100 Ill. App. 3d 755, 759, 426 N.E.2d 1241, 1243, for the proposition that even if the police have not asked direct questions, they must give Miranda warnings before using words or actions \u201creasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response from the suspect.\u201d\nThese cases do not apply to statements which are volunteered by defendants. In Hentz, Szerletich, and Roundtree, police directly questioned the defendant. In Levendoski, a defendant already in custody for one offense was brought to speak to the sheriff about another.\nIn this case, Torres made two unelicited statements. At the time of the first statement, police had just told the sergeant they had a \u201cpositive\u201d warrant. At the time of the second statement, police were talking to Torres\u2019 wife. It is likely, as Torres argues, that he had a natural interest in protecting his. home and wife. However, the protection of Miranda does not exclude statements simply because of the defendant\u2019s motives in making them.\nFurthermore, Torres also made a third statement after police had read him his Miranda rights. Officer Moran testified to this at the suppression hearing and at trial. Such statements are properly admitted even if the defendant had previously given inadmissible statements. Oregon v. Elstad (1985), 470 U.S. 298, 314, 84 L. Ed. 2d 222, 235, 105 S. Ct. 1285, 1296.\nIn sum, of the three statements which Torres would now like to suppress, two were made gratuitously by defendant and one was made after proper Miranda warnings. Therefore, we find that the trial court\u2019s decision was not manifestly erroneous or against the manifest weight of the evidence when it-denied defendant\u2019s motion to suppress.\nII\nNext Torres contends that the trial court erred in denying defendant\u2019s motion for mistrial on the grounds that negative comments about drugs made by some veniremen during voir dire tainted the disposition of other veniremen who eventually made up the jury.\nAfter voir dire defendant moved for a mistrial. The court denied the motion because the inquiry about juror experience with drugs had been made for the benefit of defendant.\nTorres argues the general proposition that nothing should be considered against a defendant except competent evidence. He relies on People v. Rivers (1951), 410 Ill. 410, 416-19, 102 N.E.2d 303, 306-07.\nIt should first be noted that defendant does not cite any authority for the proposition that answers given by excluded veniremen during voir dire are items that improperly influence a jury. People v. Rivers is not on point.\nSecond, the defendant had waived a court reporter during voir dire and, consequently, did not preserve the record which an appellant must have to challenge jury selection on appeal. (People v. McCoy (1987), 156 Ill. App. 3d 194, 198-99, 509 N.E.2d 567, 569-70.) Since appeals involving the propriety of voir dire are factual in nature, it is impossible to review them without a record. (People v. Prante (1986), 147 Ill. App. 3d 1039, 1063, 498 N.E.2d 889, 905.) Furthermore, the responsibility for preserving this record rests on the appellant. People v. Edwards (1978), 74 Ill. 2d 1, 6, 383 N.E.2d 944, 947.\nIn this case, no record was kept during jury selection. There is not any evidence that the trial court was unfair in its selection procedure. Therefore we find that the trial court did not err in denying defendant\u2019s motion for mistrial.\nIll\nThird, Torres claims that the trial court erred by allowing rebuttal evidence that was improperly admitted and unduly prejudicial.\nProper rebuttal evidence answers or contradicts affirmative matters raised by the defense in its case in chief. (People v. Harvey (1980), 92 Ill. App. 3d 465, 470, 415 N.E.2d 1161, 1165.) Where the defendant\u2019s defense rests on his own credibility, rebuttal evidence that is offered or impeachment must rebut the defendant\u2019s testimony. (People v. Sepka (1977), 51 Ill. App. 3d 244, 261, 367 N.E.2d 138, 151.) What constitutes proper rebuttal evidence is a matter of discretion for the trial court and ordinarily will not be set aside on review. (People v. Waller (1977), 67 Ill. 2d 381, 387, 367 N.E.2d 1283, 1286.) Furthermore, the determination of whether the prejudicial impact of evidence outweighs its probative value is \u201ca matter within the sound discretion of the trial court.\u201d People v. Rader (1988), 178 Ill. App. 3d 453, 464, 532 N.E.2d 1365, 1371.\nIn this case, Torres contends that rebuttal evidence was both improper and unduly prejudicial. Officer Moran testified that five of the bills found in the Torres home were marked bills from police drug buys. Torres claims that this evidence did not contradict any of his testimony. During his case in chief, he had admitted giving his wife money from a building sale and from his weekly paychecks, but he denied knowing whether the money found in the rear bedroom was that money.\nTorres relies on Sepka (51 Ill. App. 3d at 260-61, 367 N.E.2d at 150-51). We disagree. In Sepka, police officer defendants testified they believed that a woman named Carol was also known to them as a prostitute named Ann Bloomgardner. The rebuttal witness testified that no one named Ann Bloomgardner had ever been arrested for prostitution. The court held that the rebuttal evidence spoke to whether or not anyone named Ann Bloomgardner had ever been arrested for prostitution while the officers had only testified that they believed the woman named Carol was a prostitute named Ann Bloomgardner. In short, the evidence offered in rebuttal about the arrest record did not in fact rebut anything offered by the defendants about their belief.\nThe State counters that Torres did admit he knew money was hidden in the house and clearly implied that it came from legitimate sources. He admitted giving his wife $8,500 in cash from a building sale and $10, $20, and $50 bills from his weekly paychecks. He stated that she had hidden this cash, but he did not know where. This testimony, the State claims, implied that the money in the house came from legitimate sources.\nWhile it is true that Torres\u2019 testimony did not directly state that all of the money recovered had come from legitimate sources, it certainly can be argued that such an inference did flow from defendant\u2019s testimony regarding the sources of the cash. Defendant was charged with possession of a controlled substance with the intent to deliver. No one would deny that $14,000 in cash found in a bedroom under the carpet is damaging evidence indeed. Torres did not object to the introduction of this money into evidence. Rather, he created an inference that some or all of the money was from a source other than drug trafficking. Under these circumstances, we believe the State had the right to attempt to dispel that inference.\nOfficer Moran\u2019s testimony about the marked bills did contradict Torres\u2019 implication that some or all money in the house came from legitimate sources. Moran\u2019s testimony did not prove that Torres himself had conducted the drug deals with the marked money. But the weight of the evidence is a question for the jury, not a reason for exclusion. Moreover, we find the trial court\u2019s decision that the probative value of this evidence outweighed its prejudicial impact was not an abuse of discretion and, therefore, not error.\nIV\nDefendant\u2019s fourth issue is that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Torres was guilty of possession of a controlled substance with the intent to deliver.\nTo prove a defendant guilty of possession, the State must prove that the defendant knew of the presence of the substance and that the substance was in his immediate and exclusive control. (People v. Trask (1988), 167 Ill. App. 3d 694, 707, 521 N.E.2d 1222, 1231, citing People v. Nettles (1961), 23 Ill. 2d 306, 307, 178 N.E.2d 361, 362.) When the State proves that a controlled substance was \u201cfound on premises under the control of a defendant, this fact *** gives rise to an inference of knowledge and possession by defendant which may be sufficient to sustain a conviction for unlawful possession.\u201d Trask, 167 Ill. App. 3d at 707, 521 N.E.2d at 1231.\nOn review, \u201c \u2018the relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.\u2019 \u201d People v. Young (1989), 128 Ill. 2d 1, 49, 538 N.E.2d 461, 472, quoting Jackson v. Virginia (1979), 443 U.S. 307, 318-19, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560, 573-74, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2788-89.\nDefendant contends that the most telling pieces of evidence against him are the self-incriminating statements and rebuttal testimony which he tried to exclude. Further, he argues, even with this testimony, the State has not proved his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.\nThe police search of defendant\u2019s home yielded 12.5 grams of cocaine, two scales for weighing drugs, and roughly $14,000 in cash including the marked bills. Papers found in the home indicated that defendant lived there. He had easy access to the places where drugs, scales, and cash were found. He even told the police that the drugs were his.\nIn sum, viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution, the evidence here would allow a rational trier of fact to find defendant guilty.\nFor these reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County. As part of our judgment, we grant the State\u2019s request and assess defendant $50 as costs for this appeal and $25 as costs for the oral argument.\nJudgment affirmed.\nMcNAMARA and EGAN, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE RAKOWSKI" } ], "attorneys": [ "Elliot Samuels, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Cecil A. Partee, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee Goldfarb, Walter Hehner, and Michael G. Rogers, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FREDERICO TORRES, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (6th Division)\nNo. 1\u201488\u20143427\nOpinion filed May 18, 1990.\nElliot Samuels, of Chicago, for appellant.\nCecil A. Partee, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee Goldfarb, Walter Hehner, and Michael G. Rogers, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "1066-01", "first_page_order": 1088, "last_page_order": 1097 }