{
  "id": 5346439,
  "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Allen Harris, Defendant-Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Harris",
  "decision_date": "1974-06-12",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:58:20.277928+00:00",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Allen Harris, Defendant-Appellant."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE ADESKO\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe defendant, Allen Harris (also referred to at trial as Allen Cage), was found guilty of burglary after a jury trial in the Circuit Court of Cook County. He was sentenced to serve a term in the Illinois State Penitentiary of not less than 10, nor more than 20 years. Defendant brings this appeal claiming that:\n(1.) He was denied a fair trial by certain questions of the prosecutor during his cross-examination of defendant and by certain portions of the State\u2019s closing argument to the jury; and\n(2.) The sentence imposed must be modified to conform with the provisions of the Unified Code of Corrections.\nThe facts are as follows:\nOn May 24,1969, the Chicago police responded to a call from a burglar alarm at a printing shop located in the city. A canine unit arrived at the scene and the dogs were sent into the building. Defendant and a companion emerged shortly thereafter and were arrested by the waiting-officers. A search of defendant\u2019s person disclosed a screwdriver and $11.50 in nickels, dimes and quarters. Inside the building the police found that a soft drink machine and a coffee machine had been broken open and the empty coin-boxes had been left lying on the floor near them. Various other damage was discovered, as was the fact that several typewriters and adding machines were taken from the office and left on the loading dock. The safe and file cabinets had been tampered with as well. The officer who transported defendant to the police station testified that after advising defendant of his \u201crights\u201d, including his right to remain silent, defendant said that he had broken into the vending machines and participated in the other acts.\nAt trial, at the close of the State\u2019s case, defendant asserted an intoxication defense. His mother testified that her son was a heroin addict. Testifying in his own behalf, defendant stated that he was a heroin addict, using about $75 a day in heroin at the time of his arrest. On that date, defendant claimed that he had \u201cshot up\u201d $25 worth of heroin and the next thing he remembered was waking up in the police station following his arrest. When taken to County Jail the next day he went through narcotic withdrawal. (These symptoms of withdrawal were confirmed by jail records introduced at trial.)\nDefendant\u2019s initial contention on this appeal arose out of the following exchange during his cross-examination by the prosecutor:\n\u201cQ. Okay, fine. You say you were using $75 a day in narcotics? A. Yes.\nQ. Do you work?\nA. Yes.\nQ. How much do you make a day at your job?\nA. I wasn\u2019t working that day.\nQ. You weren\u2019t working then?\nA. No.\nMr. Nettleton [Defendant\u2019s Counsel]: Objection of this line of questioning. This is not relevant to whether or not he is guilty of the crime charged.\nTHE COURT: It is cross-examination. He may answer.\nMr. Gertie [Assistant State\u2019s Attorney]: You weren\u2019t working at the time?\nThe Witness: A. No.\nQ. Where did you get the money to buy narcotics?\nThe Witness: A. Well, I was going around obtaining the money\u2014 I was doing wrong in obtaining the money.\u201d\nIt is urged that these questions were improper as they were not relevant to any material issue and were intended solely to inflame and prejudice the jury by showing that defendant had a propensity to commit crimes.\nWe are of the opinion that defendant\u2019s contention is without merit. It was defendant\u2019s position at trial, brought out in direct examination, that he was a heroin addict with a $75-a-day \u201chabit\u201d to support, that he had been under the influence of heroin that day, and that he could not remember anything that happened until he woke up at the police station following his arrest. It was entirely proper, therefore, for the prosecutor to ask questions relating to defendant\u2019s addiction. Defendant stated that he had an expensive habit to maintain and it was highly relevant to ask how he managed to support it. A defendant cannot complain when the prosecutor pursues lines of inquiry on cross-examination which are initiated by the defendant during his testimony on direct examination. People v. Bridgeforth, 51 Ill.2d 52, 66, 281 N.E.2d 617; People v. Nastasio, 30 Ill.2d 51, 58, 195 N.E.2d 144; and People v. Longstreet, 2 Ill.App.3d 556, 559, 276 N.E.2d 825.\nDefendant further claims that he was denied a fair trial by certain comments of the prosecutor during closing argument regarding defendant\u2019s testimony that he had a $75-a-day heroin habit and that he ob-tamed money to support it by \u201cdoing wrong\u201d. No objection was made to this argument by defendant\u2019s counsel at trial, so the alleged error, if any, was waived. People v. Donald, 29 Ill.2d 283, 194 N.E.2d 227; People v. Sinclair, 27 Ill.2d 505, 190 N.E.2d 298; and People v. Davis, 126 Ill.App.2d 114) 261 N.E.2d 428.\nDefendant\u2019s final contention is that the sentence of not less than 10 nor more than 20 years in the Illinois State Penitentiary was excessive and should be reduced by this court. The instant case has not reached a \u201cfinal adjudication\u201d as of the effective date of the Unified Code of Corrections and defendant is then entitled to the benefit of its provisions. (People v. Chupich, 53 Ill.2d 572, 295 N.E.2d 1; People v. Harvey, 53 Ill.2d 585, 294 N.E.2d 269.) The Unified Code of Corrections classifies burglary as a Class 2 felony (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 38, par. 19 \u2014 1(b)) and as such the maximum term may be any term in excess of 1 year up to 20 years, with the minimum term not to exceed one-third the maximum set by the court. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1973, ch. 38, pars. 1005 \u2014 8\u20141(b) (3) and 1005 \u2014 8\u20141(c)(3).) The minimum sentence, with the maximum set at 20 years, cannot exceed 6 years and 8 months.\nThis court firmly believes that the maximum sentence imposed by the trial judge was in no manner excessive. We find that the maximum sentence of 20 years was justified and was not a penalty that would constitute a departure from the fundamental purpose and spirit of the law under the facts of the instant case. (People v. Smith, 14 Ill.2d 95, 150 N.E.2d 815.) The maximum sentence of 20 years is affirmed. The minimum sentence as discussed above, will then be modified to not less than 6 years and 8 months.\nFor the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Circuit Court of Cook County is affirmed as modified.\nJudgment affirmed as modified.\nBURMAN and JOHNSON, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE ADESKO"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "James J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (John Bogren, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellant.",
      "Bernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Patrick T. Driscoll, Jr., and Mary Ellen Dienes, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Allen Harris, Defendant-Appellant.\n(No. 57215;\nFirst District (4th Division)\nJune 12, 1974.\nJames J. Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (John Bogren, Assistant Public Defender, of counsel), for appellant.\nBernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Patrick T. Driscoll, Jr., and Mary Ellen Dienes, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People."
  },
  "file_name": "0773-01",
  "first_page_order": 795,
  "last_page_order": 798
}