{ "id": 2533016, "name": "CHAMPAIGN POLICE BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION UNIT NO. 7 et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. THE CITY OF CHAMPAIGN, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "Champaign Police Benevolent & Protective Ass'n Unit No. 7 v. City of Champaign", "decision_date": "1991-03-21", "docket_number": "No. 4-90-0556", "first_page": "797", "last_page": "805", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "210 Ill. App. 3d 797" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "79 Ill. 2d 610", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "389 N.E.2d 647", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "648" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "71 Ill. App. 3d 370", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5579733 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "371" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/71/0370-01" ] }, { "cite": "524 N.E.2d 758", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "762" }, { "page": "762" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "170 Ill. App. 3d 463", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3586680 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "471" }, { "page": "471" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/170/0463-01" ] }, { "cite": "475 U.S. 643", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6206747 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/475/0643-01" ] }, { "cite": "363 U.S. 593", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6166577 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/363/0593-01" ] }, { "cite": "363 U.S. 574", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6166480 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1960, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "582" }, { "page": "583" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/363/0574-01" ] }, { "cite": "363 U.S. 564", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6166407 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1960, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/363/0564-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 644, "char_count": 17005, "ocr_confidence": 0.728, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.08187079632828015 }, "sha256": "2f49a697877049cbae8973181df4a2eebec3b47c26ef1b5825edd12cc03acc61", "simhash": "1:1e1cb3bc8c975e03", "word_count": 2645 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:48:57.765044+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "CHAMPAIGN POLICE BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION UNIT NO. 7 et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. THE CITY OF CHAMPAIGN, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE SPITZ\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe Champaign Police Benevolent and Protective Association Unit No. 7 (Association) brought this action to compel arbitration under section 2 of the Uniform Arbitration Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 10, par. 102). The City of Champaign (City) and the Association were parties to a contract providing for arbitration of certain disputes. The circuit court entered summary judgment in favor of the Association, requiring the City to arbitrate the issue in question.\nThe Association is comprised of City police officers. Plaintiff Brian Hockings (Hockings) is a City police officer. On August 6, 1986, defendant City and the Association entered into a contractual labor agreement (agreement).\nOn December 15, 1986, Hockings received notice from the City that he would receive a one-day suspension without pay. On December 16, 1986, Hockings filed a grievance alleging the discipline was too severe and communication between the chief of police and the city manager tainted the grievance procedure. He alleged the city manager, prior to the chief imposing discipline, conferred with the chief about the appropriate discipline in his case and had an \u201cinstrumental\u201d role in determining the discipline the chief imposed. Hockings argues this intervention by the city manager deprived him of an impartial hearing before the city manager, thus violating the parties\u2019 collective-bargaining agreement.\nThe 1986 agreement between the Association and the City established a multitiered grievance procedure. An officer wishing to challenge a disciplinary action could first appeal to his immediate supervisor in step one. If dissatisfied with that result, step two provided an appeal to the division commander. Step three provided further appeal to the chief of police. If still dissatisfied, the chief\u2019s decisi\u00f3n could be appealed to the city manager in step four. Step four provided a discretionary appeal, and the city manager could review the grievance \u201c[provided that he or she elects to accept and hear such grievance.\u201d Finally, the city manager\u2019s decision \u2014 whether on the merits, or his or her decision declining to hear the appeal\u2014 could be appealed by the Association to an arbitrator if the issue involved is included among those listed in Article 37.2C of the agreement.\nArticle 37.2C of the agreement states:\n\u201cC. GRIEVANCES APPEALABLE ONLY TO AN ARBITRATOR\nGrievances involving the following grievable issues may be appealed by the ASSOCIATION to an arbitrator if the officer or group of officers is not satisfied with the decision of the City Manager at the conclusion of the Grievance Procedure. In accordance with the Appeal Procedure set forth in Section 37.7B below, the decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding upon all parties. Such grievances may not be appealed to the Board of Fire and Police Commissioners.\n1. Provisions of this Agreement\nAn issue which involves the meaning, interpretation or application of the express provisions of this Agreement.\n2. Rules and Regulations of the CITY\nAn issue which involves the application of any rule or regulation established and enforced by the CITY.\u201d\n(Emphasis in original.)\nHockings pursued his grievance to step four, the city manager\u2019s level. Unsatisfied with the the city manager\u2019s decision, Hockings sought arbitration of both the appropriate level of discipline, and the alleged communication between the city manager and the chief of police. The City agreed to arbitrate the issue of the fact and extent of the discipline, but refused to arbitrate the appropriateness of the city manager\u2019s communication with the police chief.\nPlaintiffs filed a complaint in the circuit court, requesting the City be ordered to arbitrate both the cause and severity of Hockings\u2019 suspension, and the propriety of the city manager\u2019s communication. The court entered summary judgment in favor of plaintiffs and ordered the City to arbitrate both issues. The City moved for reconsideration of its motion for summary judgment, arguing the court incorrectly believed the conversation between the chief and the city manager occurred during the grievance process and while an appeal was pending before the city manager. However, the alleged conversation occurred before the chief imposed discipline on Hockings. Because the communication occurred before the chief imposed discipline and, therefore, before the grievance procedure had begun, the City claimed this dispute could not involve the express provisions of the grievance procedure.\nThe court denied the City\u2019s motion and filed an amended memorandum opinion and order. The court acknowledged it had been of the view that the alleged communication occurred after an appeal had been taken by Hockings to the city manager in step four of the grievance procedure. There was no dispute that the alleged communication occurred before the chief imposed discipline on Hockings. The court held its reasoning in the original memorandum opinion and order was \u201ccorrect notwithstanding its misconception as to the time that this conversation allegedly occurred.\u201d Although the grievance procedure had not yet begun, the disciplinary process leading to the grievance had. The court reasoned that communication, whether it occurred prior to imposing discipline, or after the grievance procedure had begun, still implicated the entire grievance procedure.\nThe Supreme Court, in a series of cases known as the \u201cSteelworkers Trilogy,\" laid down general principles governing the arbitrability of disputes in the special context of collective-bargaining agreements. (United Steelworkers v. American Manufacturing Co. (1960), 363 U.S. 564, 4 L. Ed. 2d 1403, 80 S. Ct. 1343; United Steelworkers v. Warrior & Gulf Navigation Co. (1960), 363 U.S. 574, 4 L. Ed. 2d 1409, 80 S. Ct. 1347; United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel & Car Corp. (1960), 363 U.S. 593, 4 L. Ed. 2d 1424, 80 S. Ct. 1358.) The Supreme Court reaffirmed these fundamental principles in AT&T Technologies, Inc. v. Communications Workers (1986), 475 U.S. 643, 89 L. Ed. 2d 648, 106 S. Ct. 1415.\nFirst, an agreement to arbitrate a dispute is a matter of contract. (Warrior & Gulf, 363 U.S. at 582, 4 L. Ed. 2d at 1417, 80 S. Ct. at 1353.) Thus, if the parties in their contract did not agree to submit this dispute to arbitration, a court cannot require them to arbitrate. (Board of Governors of State Colleges & Universities v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board (1988), 170 Ill. App. 3d 463, 471, 524 N.E.2d 758, 762.) The finding of a contractual duty must precede the requirement to arbitrate.\nSecond, the issue of whether the agreement provides for arbitration must be kept separate from an analysis of the merits of the underlying claim. A court should not rule on or be influenced by the merits of the dispute. This holds true even if one party\u2019s underlying claim is frivolous. (American Manufacturing Co., 363 U.S. at 568, 4 L. Ed. 2d at 1407, 80 S. Ct. at 1346.) The question for this court is not whether the alleged communication violates the grievance procedure in the collective-bargaining agreement, but whether the parties agreed to submit this issue to arbitration.\nFinally, there is a presumption in favor of arbitration in collective-bargaining agreements containing an arbitration clause and, in cases of doubt, courts should decide in favor of arbitration. (Warrior & Gulf, 363 U.S. at 583, 4 L. Ed. 2d at 1418, 80 S. Ct. at 1353; Board of Governors, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 471, 524 N.E.2d at 762.) The arbitration clause in the instant case is not a broad one as plaintiffs claim, but is narrowed by its terms to apply only to disputes involving the \u201cmeaning, interpretation or application\u201d of an express provision. Even so narrowed, the presumption in favor of arbitrability still applies.\nThe City argues the propriety of communication between the city manager and the chief is not subject to arbitration because (1) the agreement does not prohibit the communication at issue because the grievance procedure was never meant to provide impartial appellate hearings and, thus, the alleged ex parte communication could not have tainted the grievance procedure; (2) the agreement contains no express provision discussing intramanagement communications and, therefore, this dispute does not involve the meaning, interpretation, or application of an express provision; and (3) if the court orders arbitration on this issue, it will require arbitration on every issue that could possibly be addressed through the grievance procedure.\nWith respect to its argument that the agreement does not prohibit the communication at issue because the grievance procedure was never meant to provide impartial appellate hearings, the City maintains the grievance procedure is instead an extension of the collective-bargaining process; indeed, the City argues the grievance process is bargaining. Because of this, it is inappropriate to think of either side as \u201cimpartial\u201d and incorrect to conclude the grievance procedure would prohibit intramanagement communications between the chief and the city manager.\nHowever, whether the agreement prohibits the city manager from discussing Hockings\u2019 discipline with the chief is an argument on the merits of the underlying dispute and is irrelevant to our consideration of its arbitrability. We \u201chave no business weighing the merits of the grievance, considering whether there is equity in a particular claim, or determining whether there is particular language in the written instrument which will support the claim.\u201d (American Manufacturing Co., 363 U.S. at 568, 4 L. Ed. 2d at 1407, 80 S. Ct. at 1346.) The parties in the instant case agreed to submit to arbitration all grievances involving the meaning, interpretation, or application of express provisions of the agreement, not only those which a court deems \u201cmeritorious.\u201d (American Manufacturing Co., 363 U.S. at 468, 4 L. Ed. 2d at 1407, 80 S. Ct. at 1346.) The City\u2019s argument that the agreement does not prohibit the communication at issue is properly made to the party resolving the underlying dispute, and not to the court deciding the dispute\u2019s arbitrability. Thus, the circuit court correctly noted this 'argument on the merits should not be a factor in the court\u2019s determination of arbitrability.\nThe City next argues the agreement must explicitly discuss intramanagement communication for this dispute to be arbitrable. In the absence of such explicit mention, this dispute cannot be said to involve the meaning, interpretation, or application of an express provision of the agreement.\nThere are two flaws in the City\u2019s argument. First, the City frames the dispute too broadly, discussing it in terms of \u201cintramanagement\u201d communication. It ignores the fact that plaintiffs do not seek to arbitrate the propriety of intramanagement communication in general. They do not argue, for example, the city manager cannot consult with the chief on the general subject of officers\u2019 discipline. Nor do they argue the city manager cannot discuss a specific case with the chief after the city manager has either declined to hear the appeal of a grievance thereon, or elected to hear it and has rendered his decision on the grievance. The narrow dispute plaintiffs wish to arbitrate is the propriety of the city manager\u2019s communication in a specific case in the disciplinary process, which may later become a grievance and appeal in the grievance process.\nSecond, the agreement need not explicitly discuss intramanagement, predecisional communication in a specific case for a dispute over its propriety to involve the meaning, interpretation, or application of other express provisions of the agreement. Here, plaintiffs argue this dispute involves the express sections of the agreement providing for a grievance procedure, including the four-step appeal process discussed above. We agree.\nProviding for arbitration of disputes involving the \u201capplication\u201d and \u201cinterpretation\u201d of the express terms of the agreement implies that disputes may arise which, while not specifically enumerated, do involve express terms of the agreement. Our analysis thus focuses on the connection between the express provision establishing the grievance procedure, and the dispute, to determine whether the dispute involves the meaning, interpretation, or application of the grievance procedure.\nHere, the dispute over the propriety of communication between the chief, who is deciding an officer\u2019s discipline, and the city manager, who may ultimately pass on the officer\u2019s appeal of a grievance filed as a result of the discipline, particularly involves the meaning, interpretation, and application of the entire grievance procedure. For example, if the city manager communicates his opinion that the chief should impose a one-day suspension on Hockings, and later hears or declines to hear the final appeal short of arbitration of a grievance on this suspension, the meaning and application of the grievance procedure become less impartial. We strongly emphasize we are expressing no opinion on the merits of the dispute\u2014 whether the communication violated the grievance procedure because it guarantees impartial hearings. We offer the above discussion only to illustrate how this dispute involves the meaning, interpretation, and application of the four-step appeal process within the grievance procedure. It may be, as the City argues, that the grievance procedure was never meant to provide an impartial review of disciplinary decisions short of arbitration. However, even by this argument the City admits that the meaning, interpretation, and application of the grievance procedure are at issue.\nThe City\u2019s reliance on Croom v. City of De Kalb (1979), 71 Ill. App. 3d 370, 389 N.E.2d 647, appeal denied (1979), 79 Ill. 2d 610, is misplaced. In Croom, a city firefighter sought to arbitrate the issue of additional pay for firefighters temporarily assigned to the duties of acting officers. The collective-bargaining agreement contained extensive provisions on wages, but was silent on the issue of additional pay in this situation. As here, the agreement provided a grievance procedure and limited arbitration to those issues \u201c \u2018involving] the interpretation or application of the express provisions of this Agreement.\u2019 \u201d (Croom, 71 Ill. App. 3d at 371, 389 N.E.2d at 648.) Plaintiffs in Croom argued since wages were discussed in an express provision of the agreement, a dispute over them involved this express provision and, thus, was arbitrable. The Croom court disagreed, holding the dispute did not involve an express provision because there was no provision regarding additional pay for firefighters in this case.\nCroom may be distinguished because there the manner in which the dispute was resolved did not implicate the meaning or interpretation of the express wage provisions but would have added to them. In contrast, this dispute directly bears on the meaning and application of the express provision delineating the grievance procedure itself, i.e., the level of impartiality required short of arbitration. In addition, the court in Croom seemed to base its decision in part on its view of the merits of the underlying claim.\nThe City also argues that to require arbitration here would require arbitration of every management decision involving discussion between the chief and the city manager. Since most management decisions can be grieved, predecisional, intramanagement discussions would always involve the application of the express provisions of the grievance procedure. Thus, any management decision where the city manager communicated his thoughts to a lower level of management would implicate the express provisions of the grievance procedure, since the city manager would also hear the appeal of any grievance on that issue. The City argues this is an implausible interpretation of the agreement.\nThe City states its objection too broadly. Our holding is restricted to the facts of this case in that it would not be any intramanagement discussion which would be arbitrable, but only those discussions between an administrator and the city manager on a specific case which may later be appealed via the four-step appeal process in the grievance procedure. Furthermore, the city manager would be free to comment on the specific case once he or she had rendered a decision in the grievant\u2019s appeal.\nSo narrowed and limited, the dispute at issue is arbitrable as it involves the meaning, interpretation, and application of the express terms of the agreement providing for the grievance procedure.\nAffirmed.\nMcCULLOUGH and KNECHT, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE SPITZ" } ], "attorneys": [ "David E. Krchak, of Thomas, Mamer & Haughey, of Champaign, for appellant.", "Edward H. Rawles, of Reno, O\u2019Byrne & Kepley, P.C., of Champaign, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "CHAMPAIGN POLICE BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION UNIT NO. 7 et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. THE CITY OF CHAMPAIGN, Defendant-Appellant.\nFourth District\nNo. 4 \u2014 90\u20140556\nOpinion filed March 21, 1991.\nDavid E. Krchak, of Thomas, Mamer & Haughey, of Champaign, for appellant.\nEdward H. Rawles, of Reno, O\u2019Byrne & Kepley, P.C., of Champaign, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0797-01", "first_page_order": 819, "last_page_order": 827 }