{ "id": 8499432, "name": "RICHARD ORES et al., Co-Ex'rs of the Estate of Ronald E. Sproull, Deceased, et al., Plaintiffs, v. PHILIP KENNEDY et al., Defendants and Third-Party Plaintiffs-Appellants (Alvin J. Golden, Third-Party Defendant-Appellee)", "name_abbreviation": "Ores v. Kennedy", "decision_date": "1991-08-26", "docket_number": "No. 1-89-2598", "first_page": "866", "last_page": "875", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "218 Ill. App. 3d 866" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "473 N.E.2d 939", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "105 Ill. 2d 191", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3142201 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "195-97" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/105/0191-01" ] }, { "cite": "469 N.E.2d 365", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "127 Ill. App. 3d 657", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3562378 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "658-59" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/127/0657-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 S. Ct. 2849", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "56 L. Ed. 2d 787", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "436 U.S. 946", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1490369, 1490594, 1490275, 1490311, 1490663, 1490485, 1490552, 1490233, 1490491, 1490588 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/436/0946-06", "/us/436/0946-09", "/us/436/0946-01", "/us/436/0946-10", "/us/436/0946-08", "/us/436/0946-02", "/us/436/0946-03", "/us/436/0946-05", "/us/436/0946-07", "/us/436/0946-04" ] }, { "cite": "374 N.E.2d 437", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "70 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5805433 ], "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/70/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "480 U.S. 102", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1131449 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "113" }, { "page": "105" }, { "page": "1033" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/480/0102-01" ] }, { "cite": "530 N.E.2d 1382", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "125 Ill. 2d 144", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5554554 ], "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "152" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/125/0144-01" ] }, { "cite": "442 F. Supp. 1276", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F. Supp.", "case_ids": [ 3974647 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1279" }, { "page": "1277" }, { "page": "1279" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f-supp/442/1276-01" ] }, { "cite": "103 S. Ct. 1275", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "75 L. Ed. 2d 496", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "460 U.S. 1023", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6244425, 6244106, 6245417, 6243020, 6244783, 6243727, 6243379, 6245748, 6242739, 6245148 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/460/1023-06", "/us/460/1023-05", "/us/460/1023-09", "/us/460/1023-02", "/us/460/1023-07", "/us/460/1023-04", "/us/460/1023-03", "/us/460/1023-10", "/us/460/1023-01", "/us/460/1023-08" ] }, { "cite": "688 F.2d 328", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1465381 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "332-33" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/688/0328-01" ] }, { "cite": "696 F.2d 1062", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1498637 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1065-67" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/696/1062-01" ] }, { "cite": "471 U.S. 462", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6205101 ], "weight": 9, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "471-78" }, { "page": "540-44" }, { "page": "2181-85" }, { "page": "472-73" }, { "page": "540-41" }, { "page": "2182" }, { "page": "477" }, { "page": "544" }, { "page": "2184-85" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/471/0462-01" ] }, { "cite": "326 U.S. 310", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6157001 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "316" }, { "page": "102" }, { "page": "158" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/326/0310-01" ] }, { "cite": "427 N.E.2d 1203", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "86 Ill. 2d 431", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5468529 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "436" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/86/0431-01" ] }, { "cite": "444 U.S. 286", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11306135 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "291" }, { "page": "497" }, { "page": "564" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/444/0286-01" ] }, { "cite": "16 Ill. App. 2d 116", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5179626 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "120-21" }, { "page": "121" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/16/0116-01" ] }, { "cite": "143 N.E.2d 673", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1958, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "11 Ill. 2d 378", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2785531 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1958, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "383" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/11/0378-01" ] }, { "cite": "114 N.E.2d 686", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "415 Ill. 591", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2683993 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "596" }, { "page": "596" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/415/0591-01" ] }, { "cite": "109 S. 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Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "488 U.S. 909", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1493664, 1495447, 1494688, 1494661, 1495175, 1493576, 1494730, 1494861, 1494799, 1493426, 1493237, 1493239, 1495518 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/488/0909-08", "/us/488/0909-07", "/us/488/0909-05", "/us/488/0909-09", "/us/488/0909-04", "/us/488/0909-02", "/us/488/0909-06", "/us/488/0909-12", "/us/488/0909-11", "/us/488/0909-01", "/us/488/0909-03", "/us/488/0909-13", "/us/488/0909-10" ] }, { "cite": "522 N.E.2d 1195", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "122 Ill. 2d 303", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5549861 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "309-10" }, { "page": "310-11" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/122/0303-01" ] }, { "cite": "139 Ill. 2d 606", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "568 N.E.2d 18", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "209 Ill. App. 3d 84", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2543498 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "89" }, { "page": "93" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/209/0084-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 906, "char_count": 19396, "ocr_confidence": 0.766, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.1989361091782945e-07, "percentile": 0.8657498950711026 }, "sha256": "4bf547ed83131070c0435efd25389e58f5784820a302edd94717cb19f39bc6a6", "simhash": "1:d5bb75dd64c073b7", "word_count": 3029 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:01:44.666066+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "CAMPBELL and BUCKLEY, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "RICHARD ORES et al., Co-Ex\u2019rs of the Estate of Ronald E. Sproull, Deceased, et al., Plaintiffs, v. PHILIP KENNEDY et al., Defendants and Third-Party Plaintiffs-Appellants (Alvin J. Golden, Third-Party Defendant-Appellee)." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE O\u2019CONNOR\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiffs, Richard Ores and Harriet Sproull acting as executors of Ronald Sproull\u2019s estate, sued Phillip Kennedy and the law firm of Vedder, Price, Kaufman & Kammholz (Vedder Price) for alleged legal malpractice. Subsequently, Kennedy and Vedder Price, Illinois attorneys, acting as third-party plaintiffs sought contribution and filed a third-party complaint against Alvin Golden, a Texas attorney. The trial court dismissed the third-party plaintiffs\u2019 complaint against Golden for lack of personal jurisdiction. The third-party plaintiffs appeal the dismissal.\nThird-party plaintiff Kennedy is a member of the third-party plaintiff law firm Vedder Price. The third-party plaintiffs prepared decedent Ronald Sproull\u2019s will and trust agreement when the decedent was an Illinois resident. After the decedent\u2019s will was executed, he moved to Texas. Subsequently, on October 19, 1982, Ronald Sproull died in a plane crash. Harriet Sproull, the decedent\u2019s widow and a Texas resident, was named as an executor. Additionally, Ores, an Illinois resident, was named as an executor. Ores acted as the family\u2019s accountant and financial advisor. Between December 1982 and November 1983, the executors sold approximately 625,000 shares of Tel-lab stock which was worth over $18 million.\nAfter selling the Tellabs stock, the executors filed a legal malpractice complaint against the third-party plaintiffs alleging that the third-party plaintiffs negligently drafted decedent Ronald Sproull\u2019s -will and trust agreement which allegedly caused Ronald Sproull\u2019s estate to incur approximately $1,500,000 excess tax liability.\nSubsequently, the third-party plaintiffs filed a third-party complaint against Golden for contribution. The third-party plaintiffs alleged that Golden negligently advised the executors to sell the Tellabs stock. Specifically, the third-party plaintiffs contended that Golden failed to read and consider the will and trust agreements, that Golden failed to structure the stock sale to minimize the estate\u2019s tax liability and that the estate would not have incurred the alleged excess tax liability if the Tellabs stock had not been sold.\nPursuant to the Illinois long-arm statute (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 110, par. 2 \u2014 209), Golden was purportedly served in Texas. Subsequently, Golden filed a motion to quash and dismiss the service of summons alleging that the Illinois trial court lacked personal jurisdiction. Golden\u2019s affidavit was included with his motion to quash and dismiss.\nGolden\u2019s affidavit stated the following: He is a citizen and resident of Texas. While he is licensed to practice law in Texas, he is not licensed in Illinois. On or about November 4, 1982, Golden was contacted by Charles Wiggins, a Vedder Price attorney. Wiggins informed him that Harriet Sproull and Ores had been named co-executors of Ronald Sproull\u2019s estate, that \u201cRonald and Harriet Sproull were Texas residents, with property in Texas, and that as a result, it was necessary to retain Texas counsel to have the estate admitted to probate in Texas.\u201d Between November 4 and November 11, 1982, Harriet Sproull contacted Golden to discuss the estate. After Golden spoke with Harriet Sproull and before November 15, 1982, Ores called Golden. On or about November 15, 1982, the executors retained Golden for the purpose of admitting the decedent\u2019s will and trust agreement to probate in Texas. Golden admitted that between November 9, 1982, and January 1984, he corresponded and had telephone conversations with Ores, with attorneys at Vedder Price and with the trust department at the First National Bank of Chicago. He never met with Ores or Harriet Sproull in Illinois. All of his activity on behalf of the estate occurred in Texas. He never traveled to Illinois for any reason connected with his representation of the estate.\nIn response to Golden\u2019s motion to quash and dismiss the service of summons, the third-party plaintiffs introduced Golden\u2019s billing records as evidence of Golden\u2019s contacts with Illinois. The third-party plaintiffs introduced the following evidence. Golden participated in conference calls with Ores on December 3, 6, 15 and 23 of 1982 concerning the estate\u2019s sale of Tellabs stock. Golden also participated in telephone conferences with Ores on January 12, 14, 19, 20, March 10 and May 4 of 1983 concerning the estate\u2019s sale of Tellabs stock. In a June 2, 1983, letter and a June 14, 1983, conference call, Golden sought advice from third-party plaintiff Kennedy and Wiggins, Vedder Price attorneys, regarding the estate\u2019s tax liability as a consequence of the stock sale. Golden also had similar telephone calls with Wiggins on June 29 and July 18,1982.\nAdditionally, the third-party plaintiffs introduced the following: On July 27, August 8 and September of 1983, Golden participated in telephone conversations with Ores regarding investments and the Tellabs stock. On July 25 and 26, 1983, Golden sent a letter by Federal Express to the Continental Bank in Chicago regarding letters necessary to complete a stock transfer. Furthermore, there were other telephone conversations and correspondences between Golden and Ores.\nOn August 25, 1989, after hearing Golden\u2019s motion to quash and dismiss the service of summons and the evidence introduced by the third-party plaintiffs, the trial court granted Golden\u2019s motion to quash and dismiss on the grounds that Golden\u2019s activities were insufficient to confer jurisdiction on Illinois courts, relying on the Illinois long-arm statute (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 110, par. 2 \u2014 209). The long-arm statute provided, in relevant part, the following:\n\u201c(a) Any person, whether or not a citizen or resident of this State, who in person or through an agent does any of the acts hereinafter enumerated, thereby submits such person, and, if an individual, his or her personal representative, to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State as to any cause of action arising from the doing of any such acts:\n(1) The transaction of any business within this State;\n(2) The commission of a tortious act within this State.\u201d Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 110, par. 2 \u2014 209.\nIn 1989, an amendment to the long-arm statute became effective. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 110, par. 2 \u2014 209, amended by Pub. Act 86\u2014 840, eff. Sept. 7, 1989.) The amended long-arm statute specifically provides that Illinois courts \u201cmay also exercise jurisdiction on any other basis now or hereafter permitted by the Illinois Constitution and the Constitution of the United States.\u201d Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 110, par. 2 \u2014 209(c).\nThe third-party plaintiffs appeal the dismissal of their complaint, asserting that the Illinois courts can assert personal jurisdiction over Golden pursuant to the amended long-arm statute. In particular, the third-party plaintiffs argue that the amended long-arm statute should be applied retroactively to validate the service upon Golden and, thus, contend that Illinois courts have personal jurisdiction over Golden. We agree. Additionally, we are not persuaded that Golden must be served again because the original service gave him notice of the complaint and allowed him sufficient opportunity to prepare his defense.\nThe third-party plaintiffs correctly argue that the amended long-arm statute applies retroactively, contending that the presumption of prospectivity is rebutted because \u201cthe Illinois long-arm statute merely specifies a procedure for enforcing existing rights.\u201d While the general rule is that statutory changes are presumed to be prospective, the presumption of prospectivity can be rebutted by demonstrating that the amendment merely affects procedural matters. (Young v. Chicago Transit Authority (1990), 209 Ill. App. 3d 84, 89, 568 N.E.2d 18, appeal denied (1991), 139 Ill. 2d 606, citing Rivard v. Chicago Fire Fighters Union, Local No. 2 (1988), 122 Ill. 2d 303, 309-10, 522 N.E.2d 1195, cert. denied (1988), 488 U.S. 909, 102 L. Ed. 2d 250, 109 S. Ct. 262.) A procedural change in law generally prescribes methods of enforcing rights and embraces pleading, evidence and practice, i.e., legal rules which direct the means to bring parties into court or the manner in which the court process shall proceed. It facilitates suit against a party. (See Young v. Chicago Transit Authority (1990), 209 Ill. App. 3d 84, 93, 568 N.E.2d 18.) In contrast, a substantive change in law establishes, creates, defines or regulates rights, and thus could actually \u201c \u2018make[ ] one a party to a suit.\u2019 \u201d (Rivard, 122 Ill. 2d at 310-11, quoting Ogdon v. Gianakos (1953), 415 Ill. 591, 596, 114 N.E.2d 686.) In the case at bar, the amended long-arm statute was certainly not part of the law which creates, defines, or regulates rights and is not what makes one a party to a suit. See Ogdon, 415 Ill. at 596.\nIn support of their contention that the amendment is procedural, the third-party plaintiffs correctly rely on Nelson v. Miller (1957), 11 Ill. 2d 378, 143 N.E.2d 673, and Sunday v. Donovan (1958), 16 Ill. App. 2d 116. In Miller, the court applied the original long-arm statute retroactively where the plaintiff\u2019s cause of action arose before the effective date of the statute\u2019s provisions and the nonresident defendant, who transacted business in Illinois, was served after the original statute\u2019s effective date. The Miller court determined that the long-arm statute affected the law of procedure and stated that \u201c[the statute] merely establishes a new mode of obtaining jurisdiction of the *** defendant in order to secure existing rights, which are unaffected by [the] amendment.\u201d (Miller, 11 Ill. 2d at 383.) Similarly, in Sunday v. Donovan (1958), 16 Ill. App. 2d 116, 120-21, the court stated that the long-arm statute \u201cindicates a procedure by which legal rights may be enforced, and should be distinguished from an amendment which creates a new right. It is, in effect, simply an addition to the legal machinery used to acquire jurisdiction over a defendant and does not add new legal rights to the body of substantive law.\u201d Sunday, 16 Ill. App. 2d at 121.\nThe third-party plaintiffs\u2019 cause of action against Golden exists independently of the new mode of obtaining jurisdiction. The amended statute merely provides a means of obtaining jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant to the full extent permitted by the due process clause of the United States Constitution. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 110, par. 2 \u2014 209 amended by Pub. Act 86 \u2014 840, eff. Sept. 7, 1989.) \u201cThe Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment limits the power of a state court to render a valid personal judgment against a nonresident defendant.\u201d World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson (1980), 444 U.S. 286, 291, 62 L. Ed. 2d 490, 497, 100 S. Ct. 559, 564.\nWhen the legislature expanded the long-arm statute to the extent permitted by the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment, it effectively overruled Green v. Advance Ross Electronics Corp. (1981), 86 Ill. 2d 431, 427 N.E.2d 1203. In Green, the Illinois Supreme Court stated that \u201c[a] statute worded in the way ours is should have a fixed meaning without regard to changing concepts of due process,\u201d and the court required a party\u2019s actions to fall within the ambit of the pre-amended long-arm statute (Green, 86 Ill. 2d at 436), e.g., that the nonresident transacted business within Illinois or committed a tortious act in Illinois.\nPursuant to the amended Illinois long-arm statute and before exercising in personam jurisdiction, due process requires that a nonresident defendant have certain minimum contacts with the forum State such that maintenance of the suit there does not offend \u201ctraditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.\u201d (International Shoe Co. v. Washington (1945), 326 U.S. 310, 316, 90 L. Ed. 95, 102, 66 S. Ct. 154, 158.) Therefore, the following three criteria must be considered to determine whether the court\u2019s exercise of jurisdiction over Golden satisfies due process: (1) whether the nonresident defendant had \u201cminimum contacts\u201d with the forum State such that he had \u201cfair warning\u201d that he may be required to defend himself there; (2) whether the action arose out of or relates to the defendant\u2019s contacts with the forum; and (3) whether it is reasonable to require the defendant to litigate in the forum State. Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz (1985), 471 U.S. 462, 471-78, 85 L. Ed. 2d 528, 540-44, 105 S. Ct. 2174, 2181-85.\nThe first criteria is satisfied. Golden had \u201cminimum contacts\u201d with Illinois such that he had \u201cfair warning\u201d that he may be required to defend himself here. The \u201cfair warning\u201d requirement is satisfied if Golden either \u201cpurposefully directed\u201d his activities at Illinois residents; reached out beyond one State to create continuing relationships and obligations with citizens of another State; or purposefully derived benefit from his interstate activities. (Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz (1985), 471 U.S. 462, 472-73, 85 L. Ed. 2d 528, 540-41, 105 S. Ct. 2174, 2182.) We find that Golden had fair warning that he may be required to defend himself in Illinois because he \u201cpurposefully directed\u201d his activities at Illinois residents. Golden directly corresponded and conversed on the telephone with Ores and Illinois banks many times while performing his fiduciary duties to the estate and the estate\u2019s executors. See Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. v. Delta International Corp. (4th Cir. 1982), 696 F.2d 1062, 1065-67 (due process was satisfied when nonresident on five occasions directed either telephone calls or letters to forum resident); Brown v. Flowers Industries, Inc. (5th Cir. 1982), 688 F.2d 328, 332-33, cert. denied (1983), 460 U.S. 1023, 75 L. Ed. 2d 496, 103 S. Ct. 1275 (jurisdiction was supported by a single telephone call initiated by nonresident defendant to forum resident); McGee v. Riekhof (D. Mont. 1978), 442 F. Supp. 1276, 1279 (jurisdiction was found when plaintiff sued nonresident surgeon for malpractice when he misdiagnosed forum plaintiff\u2019s illness by telephone).\nGolden, however, attempts to distinguish Vishay and Brown, contending that in those cases the defendants\u2019 intentional conduct was significant in determining whether the nonresident defendants purposefully availed themselves to the benefits and protections of the forum State\u2019s laws. Golden\u2019s contention is meritless for two reasons: (1) whether a nonresident defendant intentionally caused a wrong to a plaintiff in the forum is only one factor that may be considered in determining jurisdiction, other factors include whether a nonresident defendant had repeated business contacts with the forum (McGee v. Riekhof (D. Mont. 1978), 442 F. Supp. 1276, 1277); and (2) the McGee court held that a nonresident doctor\u2019s alleged negligence in rendering medical service over a telephone was sufficient for the court to exercise personal jurisdiction in a medical malpractice case, rather than nonresident\u2019s intentional conduct. (McGee, 442 F. Supp. at 1279.) Golden had repeated business contacts with the third-party plaintiffs in Illinois, which contacts gave rise to the alleged malpractice.\nAdditionally, we find that Golden had fair warning that he may be \u201chailed into court\u201d in Illinois because of his conduct and connections with Illinois. Golden purposefully derived a financial benefit from his activities that were directed at Illinois residents, e.g., Golden billed the decedent\u2019s estate for his time spent on numerous calls and correspondences with Ores and Illinois banks.\nAfter determining that Golden\u2019s conduct established \u201cminimum contacts,\u201d we find that the third-party plaintiffs\u2019 cause of action arose out of Golden\u2019s contacts with Illinois, the forum State. Based upon the record, it is clear that Golden represented Ores in his capacity as an executor and extensively communicated with Ores from November 1982 through August 1984. Significantly, the essence of the third-party plaintiffs\u2019 complaint is the nature or quality of Golden\u2019s representation and communications to Ores during that time.\nFinally, we must determine whether it is reasonable to require Golden to litigate the cause of action in Illinois. In determining whether it is reasonable, the following factors should be considered: \u201cthe forum State\u2019s interest in resolving the dispute, the plaintiff\u2019s interest in obtaining relief, and the interests of the several States, including the forum State, in the efficient judicial resolution of the dispute and the advancement of substantive social policies.\u201d (Wiles v. Morita Iron Works Co., Ltd. (1988), 125 Ill. 2d 144, 152, 530 N.E.2d 1382, citing Asahi Metal Industry Co., Ltd. v. Superior Court (1987), 480 U.S. 102, 113, 94 L. Ed. 2d 92, 105, 107 S. Ct. 1026, 1033.) Because Golden has purposefully directed his activities at Illinois residents, he must present a \u201ccompelling case\u201d that jurisdiction is unreasonable. Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewiez (1985), 471 U.S. 462, 477, 85 L. Ed. 2d 528, 544, 105 S. Ct. 2174, 2184-85.\nWe find that it is reasonable to require Golden to litigate the cause of action in Illinois. Illinois has a substantial interest in resolving the third-party plaintiffs\u2019 contribution action which arose from Ores\u2019, an Illinois resident, claim for damages. There is a public policy in Illinois which favors contribution (Skinner v. Reed-Prentice Division Package Machinery Co. (1977), 70 Ill. 2d 1, 374 N.E.2d 437, cert. denied (1978), 436 U.S. 946, 56 L. Ed. 2d 787, 98 S. Ct. 2849; Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 70, par. 302 (Contribution Among Joint Tort-feasors Act); Moon v. Thompson (1984), 127 Ill. App. 3d 657, 658-59, 469 N.E.2d 365), and which favors litigating contribution actions in the same proceeding as the injured party\u2019s claim (Laue v. Leifheit (1984), 105 Ill. 2d 191, 195-97, 473 N.E.2d 939). Additionally, the third-party plaintiffs obviously have a substantial interest in obtaining relief in Illinois. They do not want to be liable for more than their pro rata share. While Texas certainly has an interest in the controversy since Golden is a Texas resident, judicial economy dictates that the action against the third-party plaintiffs, which was filed in Illinois, and the third-party plaintiffs\u2019 action against Golden should be consolidated into one action. The actions involve common facts, parties and witnesses who will already be in Illinois to litigate the suit against the third-party plaintiffs. Consequently, we do not find that Golden presented a \u201ccompelling case\u201d that jurisdiction is unreasonable, and we do not believe that he would be unduly burdened by litigating the contribution action in Illinois.\nThe order of the circuit court of Cook County is reversed on the grounds that Illinois may assert in personam jurisdiction over Golden pursuant to the amended long-arm statute.\nReversed.\nCAMPBELL and BUCKLEY, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE O\u2019CONNOR" } ], "attorneys": [ "Phelan, Pope & John, Ltd., of Chicago (Donald B. Hilliker and Stanley Y. Figura, of counsel), for appellants.", "Hinshaw, Culbertson, Moelmann, Hoban & Fuller, of Chicago (George W. Spellmire, Jr., Nancy G. Lischer, and Caroline A. Mondschean, of counsel), for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "RICHARD ORES et al., Co-Ex\u2019rs of the Estate of Ronald E. Sproull, Deceased, et al., Plaintiffs, v. PHILIP KENNEDY et al., Defendants and Third-Party Plaintiffs-Appellants (Alvin J. Golden, Third-Party Defendant-Appellee).\nFirst District (1st Division)\nNo. 1-89-2598\nOpinion filed August 26, 1991.\nPhelan, Pope & John, Ltd., of Chicago (Donald B. Hilliker and Stanley Y. Figura, of counsel), for appellants.\nHinshaw, Culbertson, Moelmann, Hoban & Fuller, of Chicago (George W. Spellmire, Jr., Nancy G. Lischer, and Caroline A. Mondschean, of counsel), for appellee." }, "file_name": "0866-01", "first_page_order": 888, "last_page_order": 897 }