{
  "id": 5798765,
  "name": "DEANNA SWOPE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NORTHERN ILLINOIS GAS COMPANY, Defendant (The Department of Transportation, Defendant-Appellee)",
  "name_abbreviation": "Swope v. Northern Illinois Gas Co.",
  "decision_date": "1991-10-31",
  "docket_number": "No. 3\u201491\u20140232",
  "first_page": "241",
  "last_page": "243",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:24:34.404944+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "DEANNA SWOPE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NORTHERN ILLINOIS GAS COMPANY, Defendant (The Department of Transportation, Defendant-Appellee)."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "JUSTICE GORMAN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe plaintiff, Deanna Swope, was severely injured when the pickup truck in which she was riding swerved to miss a deer and left Illinois Route 251. The truck went into the adjacent ditch, struck an embankment and flipped upside down. The embankment was constructed by Northern Illinois Gas Co. as part of a driveway which intersected the road.\nPlaintiff filed suit against Northern Illinois Gas, alleging negligent construction of the embankment and driveway. Swope also named the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT), alleging negligence in the design, construction and maintenance of the road and adjacent areas.\nNorthern Illinois Gas answered the complaint and is not a party to this appeal.\nIDOT moved to dismiss based upon the circuit court\u2019s lack of jurisdiction under the doctrine of sovereign immunity. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 127, par. 801.) The court found that it did indeed lack jurisdiction over plaintiff\u2019s claim against IDOT and transferred venue to the Court of Claims.\nSwope\u2019s first contention on appeal is that by purchasing liability insurance, IDOT waived sovereign immunity so as to be amenable to suit in the circuit court.\nThe Illinois Constitution of 1970 abolished sovereign immunity, subject to exceptions made by the General Assembly. (Ill. Const. 1970, art. XIII, \u00a74.) The General Assembly enacted the Court of Claims Act, which holds that exclusive jurisdiction over claims against the State lies with the Court of Claims. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 37, par. 439.1.) A suit against a department or agency of the State is considered to be a suit against the State for immunity purposes. Gordon v. Department of Transportation (1982), 109 Ill. App. 3d 1071, 441 N.E.2d 904.\nIt is true that when a local public entity buys commercial insurance, it waives immunity from suit. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 85, par. 9 \u2014 103.) Plaintiff argues that there is \u201cno legal or logical reason\u201d why the State should be treated differently. However, the legislature in the Local Governmental and Governmental Tort Immunity Act, on which the plaintiff relies, defines \u201clocal public entity\u201d so as to specifically exclude the State and its agencies. Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 85, par. 1 \u2014 206.\nThis action is a tort case against a State agency and the question of insurance as it is related to the question of immunity is not relevant. The Court of Claims has exclusive jurisdiction.\nSwope also contends that the $100,000 limit on recovery applicable in the Court of Claims violates due process. This issue has been addressed numerous times and the courts have consistently held that the limit is constitutional. See, e.g, Seifert v. Standard Paving Co. (1976), 64 Ill. 2d 109, 355 N.E.2d 537.\nIDOT claims, for the first time on appeal, that because the circuit court lacked jurisdiction, it had no power to transfer venue, only to dismiss. The plaintiff contends that since no cross-appeal was filed, the issue is waived.\nThe circuit court, under the Court of Claims Act, obviously lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over the action against IDOT. The lack of subject-matter jurisdiction cannot be waived since the parties cannot create subject-matter jurisdiction by consent, acquiescence, waiver or estoppel. (Board of Education v. Box (1989), 191 Ill. App. 3d 31, 547 N.E.2d 627.) It can even be raised by the court sua sponte when necessary. (Camp v. Chicago Transit Authority (1980), 82 Ill. App. 3d 1107, 403 N.E.2d 704.) Therefore, despite the defendant\u2019s failure to file a notice of cross-appeal, this issue is properly before the court.\nWhen a trial court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction, the only thing it has the power to do is dismiss the action. (Cahoon v. Alton Packaging Corp. (1986), 148 Ill. App. 3d 480, 499 N.E.2d 522; In re Marriage of Passiales (1986), 144 Ill. App. 3d 629, 494 N.E.2d 541.) Any order entered without subject-matter jurisdiction is void. (Talandis Construction Corp. v. Illinois Building Authority (1978), 60 Ill. App. 3d 715, 377 N.E.2d 237.) Therefore, the circuit court was without jurisdiction to order a transfer of venue.\nAccordingly, we affirm the circuit court\u2019s finding that it lacked jurisdiction and vacate the order transferring venue.\nAffirmed in part and vacated in part.\nSTOUDER, P.J., and McCUSKEY, J., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "JUSTICE GORMAN"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Louis E. Olivero & Associates, of Peru (Louis E. Olivero, of counsel), for appellant.",
      "Roland W. Burris, Attorney General, of Springfield (Alison E. O\u2019Hara, Assistant Attorney General, of Chicago, of counsel), for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "DEANNA SWOPE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NORTHERN ILLINOIS GAS COMPANY, Defendant (The Department of Transportation, Defendant-Appellee).\nThird District\nNo. 3\u201491\u20140232\nOpinion filed October 31, 1991.\nLouis E. Olivero & Associates, of Peru (Louis E. Olivero, of counsel), for appellant.\nRoland W. Burris, Attorney General, of Springfield (Alison E. O\u2019Hara, Assistant Attorney General, of Chicago, of counsel), for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0241-01",
  "first_page_order": 263,
  "last_page_order": 265
}