{ "id": 5794776, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARK VON PERBANDT, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Von Perbandt", "decision_date": "1991-11-15", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201489\u20142375", "first_page": "951", "last_page": "957", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "221 Ill. App. 3d 951" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "414 N.E.2d 525", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "91 Ill. App. 3d 91", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3148091 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "95" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/91/0091-01" ] }, { "cite": "526 N.E.2d 141", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "123 Ill. 2d 184", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5550970 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/123/0184-01" ] }, { "cite": "561 N.E.2d 674", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "138 Ill. 2d 218", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5576736 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/138/0218-01" ] }, { "cite": "504 N.E.2d 520", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "152 Ill. App. 3d 404", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 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App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5080105 ], "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/172/0256-01" ] }, { "cite": "294 N.E.2d 285", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "54 Ill. 2d 21", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2934161 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "24" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/54/0021-01" ] }, { "cite": "500 N.E.2d 445", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "148 Ill. App. 3d 911", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3642895 ], "weight": 6, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "913" }, { "page": "912" }, { "page": "913" }, { "page": "913" }, { "page": "912-13" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/148/0911-01" ] }, { "cite": "569 N.E.2d 1175", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "211 Ill. App. 3d 135", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2527689 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "137" }, { "page": "138" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/211/0135-01" ] }, { "cite": "568 N.E.2d 200", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "209 Ill. App. 3d 366", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2539977 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "373" }, { "page": "373" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/209/0366-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 583, "char_count": 12558, "ocr_confidence": 0.75, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.0508768712680718e-07, "percentile": 0.5539705210612665 }, "sha256": "79a7549616b8c7b027874ac626d9f9e3ef974ad7e57cdd1e421f01976d7dffaf", "simhash": "1:b390f55c360a73bf", "word_count": 2017 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:24:34.404944+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARK VON PERBANDT, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE RAKOWSKI\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nAfter a jury trial defendant-appellant Mark Von Perbandt was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 60 years following his murder conviction in 1980. Defendant brought a direct appeal from that conviction; judgment and sentence were affirmed via a Rule 23 order (People v. Von Perbandt (1st Dist. 1982), No. 1 \u2014 80\u20141962). In July of 1989, defendant filed, pro se, a petition for post-conviction relief, alleging that the jury which convicted him had received improper instructions and that defendant\u2019s trial counsel had denied defendant the right to testify on his own behalf. In August of 1989, the trial court dismissed defendant\u2019s petition without holding an evidentiary hearing. Defendant appeals this dismissal, realleging the above issues.\nDefendant was charged in 1979 with the murder of Richard O\u2019Neil. Following a jury trial, defendant was found guilty, and on June 12, 1979, defendant was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 60 years. On appeal, defendant alleged: (1) that he was deprived of a fair trial through the improper admission of evidence and the prosecutor\u2019s comments regarding said evidence during closing argument; (2) that defendant\u2019s trial counsel was incompetent; and (3) that defendant\u2019s sentence had been improperly imposed. By way of a Rule 23 order, defendant\u2019s conviction and sentence were affirmed.\nOn July 28, 1989, defendant filed, pro se, a petition for post-conviction relief alleging, inter alia, (1) that the jury had been improperly instructed on the lesser-included offense of voluntary manslaughter, and (2) that defendant was \u201cdenied the right to testify in his own defense by his trial counsel.\u201d As to this latter allegation, the post-conviction petition read as follows:\n\u201cThe Petitioner, Mark Von Perbandt was denied the right to testify in his own defense by his trial counsel in that said trial counsel unilaterally informed Petitioner Mark Von Perbandt that he could NOT testify in his own behalf. No one, other than the Defendant himself, may waive this right to testify. *** In Petitioner\u2019s case this was particularly significant as his testimony was essential to establish the manslaughter defense presented at trial. * * * Mark Von Perbandt wanted to testify at trial in order to repudiate [a statement of petitioner\u2019s to law enforcement personnel]. However his trial counsel refused to allow him the opportunity to do so, and Mr. Von Perbandt did not know that he could override his attorney\u2019s decision in this area.\u201d\nOn August 1, 1989, the trial court denied defendant\u2019s petition as \u201cfrivolous and without merit.\u201d\nThe first issue we address is whether the post-conviction claim that defendant was prohibited by trial counsel from testifying on his own behalf sufficiently alleged a constitutional violation so as to require further proceedings under the post-conviction act. In the case of People v. Sanders (1991), 209 Ill. App. 3d 366, 373, 568 N.E.2d 200, the court discussed the statute under which defendant sought review of his claims. The court observed:\n\u201cAn action brought under the Post-Conviction Hearing Act [ ] [citation] is not an appeal; rather, it is a collateral attack on a judgment of conviction. The purpose of the proceeding is to resolve allegations that constitutional violations occurred at trial, when those allegations were not, or could not have been, adjudicated previously. [Citation.]\nThe petitioner in a post-conviction proceeding is not entitled to an evidentiary hearing as of right; rather, the Act permits summary dismissal of a nonmeritorious petition. [Citation.] The petitioner has the burden to establish a substantial deprivation of constitutional rights [citation]; the petition must set forth facts that show the denial. [Citation.] This court will not disturb the trial court\u2019s determination absent manifest error. [Citation.] Error, to be \u2018manifest,\u2019 must be clearly evident, clear, plain, and indisputable. [Citation.]\u201d 209 Ill. App. 3d at 373.\nThe court in People v. Lawrence (1991), 211 Ill. App. 3d 135, 137, 569 N.E.2d 1175, recently set forth with specificity the post-conviction process:\n\u201cThe Act provides a three-step process for adjudication of petitions for post-conviction relief. [Citation.] The first step requires the trial court consider the petition to determine whether it is frivolous or patently without merit. If so, the petition is dismissed [citation]. If the court decides the petition is not frivolous and patently without merit, the court must appoint counsel to represent the defendant, if indigent. [Citations.]\u201d\nThe Lawrence court further observed that \u201c[t]o survive dismissal at the first stage of a post-conviction proceeding, the petition need only contain a statement which presents the gist of a meritorious constitutional claim.\u201d 211 Ill. App. 3d at 138.\nPetitioner relies on the case of People v. Dredge (1986), 148 Ill. App. 3d 911, 500 N.E.2d 445, in support of his argument that it was error for the trial court to dismiss his petition, at the first stage, as frivolous and without merit. In Dredge, the court observed that it is recognized that a criminal defendant\u2019s prerogative to testify at his or her trial is a fundamental right which only the defendant can waive, and that the exercise of this right is not a strategic or tactical decision for trial counsel. (148 Ill. App. 3d at 913.) In Dredge, while the exact wording of the petition is not set forth, the court stated that defendant alleged that his trial counsel was ineffective because, inter alia, counsel \u201cdid not allow her to testify on her own behalf.\u201d 148 Ill. App. 3d at 912.\nThe Dredge court further observed:\n\u201c[i]n determining the particularity with which a pro se petitioner for post-conviction relief must state alleged deprivations of constitutional rights in her petition, we note that such petitioners are often persons of limited education. [Citations.] Therefore, we conclude that in order to withstand dismissal at the first stage of post-conviction proceedings, a petition for post-conviction relief need only contain a simple statement which presents the gist of a claim for relief ***. Requiring pro se petitioners to state their claims in greater detail than this would have the practical effect of depriving many such persons of their right of meaningful access to the courts. [Citation.]\u201d 148 Ill. App. 3d at 913.\nAcknowledging that the defendant\u2019s allegation of deprivation of the right to testify was conclusory and unsworn, the Dredge court observed that the petition was verified and held that \u201c[verification], coupled with the fact that defendant\u2019s allegation that she was deprived of her right to testify at her trial is uncontradicted by anything appearing in the trial record, is sufficient to require the circuit court to appoint counsel to represent defendant [and to proceed in accord with the act.]\u201d 148 Ill. App. 3d at 913.\nIn response, the State argues that \u201cwhen a defendant asserts that he was denied his right to testify at trial, he must claim that during trial he asked his attorney to testify and that his attorney refused to grant the request.\u201d According to the State, the petition in this case does not establish that defendant actually asked his trial counsel to testify during the trial and that defendant\u2019s trial counsel refused to accommodate defendant in this regard. The State cites several cases in support of this argument. In People v. Brown (1973), 54 Ill. 2d 21, 294 N.E.2d 285, the Illinois Supreme Court held that the defendant\u2019s post-conviction petition alleged that defendant\u2019s trial counsel \u201crefused to permit\u201d defendant to testify in defendant\u2019s own defense. The court noted:\n\u201cNeither in the post-conviction petition in this case, with its reference to conversations which took place between the defendant and his attorney well in advance of the beginning of the trial, nor in the supporting affidavit, is there any statement that the defendant, when the time came for him to testify, told his lawyer that he wanted to do so despite advice to the contrary. In the absence of a contemporaneous assertion by the defendant of his right to testify, the trial judge properly denied an evidentiary hearing.\u201d 54 Ill. 2d at 24.\nPeople v. Berry (1988), 172 Ill. App. 3d 256, 526 N.E.2d 502, also cited by the State, did not involve a post-conviction proceeding, but rather involved a direct appeal. People v. Knox (1978), 58 Ill. App. 3d 761, 374 N.E.2d 957, did not involve a post-conviction hearing either, and the court observed that \u201c[t]he record does not support either [defendant\u2019s] contention that he was prevented from testifying or that an evidentiary hearing on this question was required.\u201d (58 Ill. App. 3d at 767.) Finally, in People v. Sanders, a post-conviction case, the court rejected defendant\u2019s claim that his trial counsel\u2019s refusal to allow defendant to testify was ineffective representation, as defendant\u2019s claim was not supported by the record (relying on Knox and Berry). The Sanders case, however, involved a State appeal of a granting of the petition, where counsel had been appointed and an evidentiary hearing had taken place.\nIt is important to note that the act was amended in 1983, so that at the initial stage, the circuit court makes the determination of frivolity or lack of merit without State input. (See Dredge, 148 Ill. App. 3d at 912-13.) Thus, it is clear that a minimal amount of specificity is required of a petitioner at this stage. In People v. White (1987), 152 Ill. App. 3d 404, 504 N.E.2d 520, which the parties have not cited, the court was faced with a similar claim to petitioner\u2019s, and stated \u201c[a]nother contention which we determine to be neither \u2018frivolous\u2019 nor \u2018patently without merit\u2019 is quite simple. Defendant alleged that his trial counsel was incompetent for failing to advise him \u2018of his fundamental right to testify in his own behalf.\u2019 As the record stood at the time the petition was dismissed, this allegation was not refuted.\u201d (152 Ill. App. 3d at 408.) From a reading of Dredge and White, we hold that the rule advocated by the State should not be applied to the first stage of the post-conviction proceeding, where very little detail appears to be required of the petitioner. In holding that petitioner did in fact present a claim that was not \u201cfrivolous,\u201d or \u201cpatently without merit,\u201d we emphasize that under the amended act, it is at the next stage of the proceedings, after appointment of counsel and opportunity to amend, that the sufficiency of the petition is to be challenged. Our holding does not consider the issue of whether, given Brown and the other cases the State cites, defendant\u2019s petition as currently worded would withstand challenge at a later point in proceedings under the act. We do, however, hold that this case should be remanded for such further proceedings under the act.\nNext, we briefly address whether the trial court erred in dismissing defendant\u2019s post-conviction petition based on the fact that the jury at defendant\u2019s trial was erroneously instructed on the lesser-included offense of voluntary manslaughter. Defendant requests that this court refuse to follow People v. Flowers (1990), 138 Ill. 2d 218, 561 N.E.2d 674, where our supreme court held that the holding of People v. Reddick (1988), 123 Ill. 2d 184, 526 N.E.2d 141, does not apply retroactively to defendant\u2019s post-conviction proceeding. Defendant calls our attention to the fact that a number of Federal courts have held contrary to Flowers. We cannot, however, depart from the holding in Flowers, as a decision of our supreme court is the law of our State, binding upon both the circuit and appellate courts. (See Friendship Manor of the Branch of King\u2019s Daughters & Sons, Inc. v. Department of Revenue (1980), 91 Ill. App. 3d 91, 95, 414 N.E.2d 525.) Thus, the Reddick holding may not be applied to petitioner\u2019s post-conviction claim.\nAccordingly, the dismissal of petitioner\u2019s post-conviction petition is reversed, and the cause remanded for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.\nReversed and remanded.\nEGAN and LaPORTA, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE RAKOWSKI" } ], "attorneys": [ "Michael J. Pelletier and Manuel S. Serritos, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Jack O\u2019Malley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee G. Goldfarb and Kevin Sweeney, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MARK VON PERBANDT, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (6th Division)\nNo. 1 \u2014 89\u20142375\nOpinion filed November 15, 1991.\nMichael J. Pelletier and Manuel S. Serritos, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.\nJack O\u2019Malley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee G. Goldfarb and Kevin Sweeney, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0951-01", "first_page_order": 973, "last_page_order": 979 }