{ "id": 8498870, "name": "In re MARRIAGE OF MARY ANN FLYNN, Petitioner-Appellant, and GEORGE FLYNN, Respondent-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "In re Marriage of Flynn", "decision_date": "1992-07-16", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201491\u20142101", "first_page": "394", "last_page": "402", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "232 Ill. App. 3d 394" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "386 N.E.2d 620", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "622" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "68 Ill. App. 3d 518", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3308161 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "522" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/68/0518-01" ] }, { "cite": "515 N.E.2d 424", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "430-31" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "162 Ill. App. 3d 308", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3509068 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "316-17" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/162/0308-01" ] }, { "cite": "545 N.E.2d 459", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "469-70" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "189 Ill. App. 3d 663", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2679522 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "679-80" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/189/0663-01" ] }, { "cite": "427 N.E.2d 1262", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1267" }, { "page": "1267" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "100 Ill. App. 3d 1126", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5497771 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1131" }, { "page": "1131" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/100/1126-01" ] }, { "cite": "376 N.E.2d 1382", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1388" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "71 Ill. 2d 563", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5450012 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "576" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/71/0563-01" ] }, { "cite": "497 N.E.2d 1173", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1178" }, { "page": "1179-80" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "147 Ill. App. 3d 380", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3605096 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "389" }, { "page": "392-93" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/147/0380-01" ] }, { "cite": "474 N.E.2d 28", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 7, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "30" }, { "page": "30" }, { "page": "30" }, { "page": "33" }, { "page": "30-31" }, { "page": "31" }, { "page": "31" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "130 Ill. App. 3d 311", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3493573 ], "weight": 7, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "313" }, { "page": "313" }, { "page": "313" }, { "page": "317" }, { "page": "314" }, { "page": "314" }, { "page": "314-15" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/130/0311-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 685, "char_count": 14586, "ocr_confidence": 0.747, "pagerank": { "raw": 8.616995367726127e-08, "percentile": 0.49046121993984976 }, "sha256": "ecd5d3955e9250afe3b98710ec7306c28531e0b8a8ac3df1b1a240e226a8f894", "simhash": "1:2bfe108eea47caf7", "word_count": 2410 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:53:50.540896+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "JIGANTI, P.J., and JOHNSON, J., concur." ], "parties": [ "In re MARRIAGE OF MARY ANN FLYNN, Petitioner-Appellant, and GEORGE FLYNN, Respondent-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE LINN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe circuit court of Cook County entered a judgment that dissolved the marriage of petitioner, Mary Ann Flynn, and respondent, George Flynn. Prior to the entry of judgment, Mary Ann petitioned the trial court to vacate a prove up hearing on an oral marital settlement agreement. The trial court denied Mary Ann\u2019s petition to vacate the prove up and incorporated the settlement agreement into the judgment.\nMary Ann appeals from the judgment and from the trial court\u2019s denial of her petition to vacate the prove up. She contends: (1) the settlement agreement is unconscionable, and (2) her trial counsel coerced her into settling the case.\nWe affirm the judgment of the trial court.\nBackground\nThe record discloses the following pertinent facts. On August 17, 1989, Mary Ann petitioned the trial court to dissolve her marriage to George. At the time judgment was entered, Mary Ann was 66 years old and George was 54. The dissolution itself was uncontested. Rather, Mary Ann and George disagreed on the issues of asset distribution and maintenance.\nDiscovery occurred, which included depositions of both parties and extensive production of documents. The trial court held two pretrial conferences, in addition to the conference held on the day of trial. By the time of trial, Mary Ann had been represented by four attorneys in succession. Her fourth attorney and trial counsel was John Bickley.\nOn April 30, 1991, at approximately 10 a.m., Mary Ann and George, represented by their respective attorneys, appeared in the trial court ready for trial. However, both counsel informed the court that they continued to hope for a settlement. The attorneys asked for additional time to negotiate and the trial court recessed the case. The record indicates that the attorneys spent the day in negotiations, except for a break for lunch. However, the record is silent as to whether Mary Ann and George personally participated in the negotiations.\nAt approximately 3 p.m., both counsel advised the trial court that they had reached an oral marital settlement agreement. The court held a prove up hearing on the oral settlement. The attorneys questioned Mary Ann and George as to the fairness and voluntariness of the settlement. George readily assented to the settlement.\nMary Ann, during questioning by her attorney, Bickley, generally assented to the fairness and voluntariness of various components of the settlement. When questioned on the issue of maintenance, Mary Ann testified that she understood that: she had a right to ask the trial court to consider maintenance; George was asking her to waive maintenance in exchange for a greater share of the marital assets; and if she waived maintenance, she was barred from asking any court for maintenance in the future.\nWhen Bickley asked Mary Ann whether she was willing to waive maintenance, the following colloquy occurred:\n\u201c[Bickley:] Are you willing then to waive maintenance in return for a higher percentage of the proceeds to be acquired by the sale of the assets of this particular marital property?\n[Mary Ann:] I\u2019m just \u2014 I\u2019m trying to do math in my head and I\u2019m not that good at it.\nSo, I\u2019m waiving maintenance for all time, no matter what happens to me or what my physical condition is?\n[Bickley:] That\u2019s correct. Once you waive maintenance\u2014\n[Mary Ann:] For the sake of eight per cent being given to me as opposed to being given to my husband?\n[Bickley:] You are in effect being given between eight and ten per cent more of the assets of this estate than you would be entitled to under the current law.\n[Mary Ann:] Otherwise I get fifty per cent? Is that\u2014\n[Bickley:] You get fifty per cent.\n[Mary Ann:] Yes.\u201d\nThe trial court then explained to Mary Ann that the marital assets would not necessarily be divided equally. Rather, the court would consider the reasonable opportunity of Mary Ann and George to accumulate future assets, and the amount of the marital assets that Mary Ann would require to live comfortably without maintenance. The following colloquy then occurred:\n\u201c[Bickley:] Well, the question that is presently pending before the Court, is do you understand now *** that if you waive maintenance today, you can never come before this Court or any other court and ask for an imposition of maintenance for you, do you understand that?\n[Mary Ann:] Yes, I understand that. It\u2019s just such a big thing to understand to say yes, and say yes, and I agree, I\u2019ll do it. I\u2019ll never come back again, you know, no matter what my situation is.\n[Bickley:] Well, that is why we are here in court, Mrs. Flynn.\n[Mary Ann:] Yes.\n[Bickley:] We are here to get a dissolution of marriage.\n[Mary Ann:] Yes.\n[Bickley:] And to reach an accord with respect to all of the property rights between the parties.\n[Mary Ann:] All right.\n[Bickley:] Do you understand that?\n[Mary Ann:] I do understand that.\u201d\nDuring questioning by George\u2019s attorney, Mary Ann again assented to the fairness, voluntariness, and conclusiveness of the settlement. The following colloquy subsequently occurred:\n\u201c[Kuhs:] Do you feel that this is a fair settlement of this case under the circumstances?\n[Mary Ann:] A fair settlement? Is my answer going to determine anything that is going to happen here?\nTHE COURT: Do you feel that it is fair and equitable? Are you satisfied with it? Was there any force or coercion used upon you to enter into this agreement?\n[Mary Ann:] No. It seems like the best we can do under the circumstances.\nTHE COURT: Under the circumstances do you feel that it is fair and equitable?\n[Kuhs:] No one has threatened you or coerced you to sign this?\n[Mary Ann:] No one has threatened me.\n[Kuhs:] You are not under the influence of alcohol or any other medication or drugs today, are you?\n[Mary Ann:] Nothing at all.\n[Kuhs:] Thank you.\u201d\nLastly, at the close of the prove up hearing, the following colloquy occurred:\n\u201c[Mary Ann:] May I ask a question? Was the subject of my health brought up?\nTHE COURT: Well, I would assume it was brought up in the negotiations.\n[Mary Ann:] Was it?\n[Bickley:] Anything further?\n[Kuhs:] Thank you, your Honor.\nTHE COURT: You\u2019re welcome. Good luck.\u201d\nOn May 16, 1991, 16 days after the prove up hearing on the oral settlement agreement, Mary Ann filed, \u25a0pro se, a petition to vacate the prove up. She claimed that the settlement was unconscionable and that Bickley coerced her into settling. On May 29, the trial court denied Mary Ann\u2019s petition to vacate.\nOn May 30, 1991, with the settlement agreement reduced to writing and incorporated into the judgment, the trial court entered the dissolution judgment. The court specifically found that the settlement was not unconscionable and that Mary Ann and George entered into the settlement freely and voluntarily. Mary Ann timely appeals from the judgment and from the trial court\u2019s denial of her petition to vacate the prove up.\nOpinion\nThe applicable legal principles are quite settled. The law favors the peaceful settlement of marital disputes. Indeed, section 502 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (the Act) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 40, par. 502) is intended to encourage parties to reach an amenable settlement of their rights. In re Marriage of Riedy (1985), 130 Ill. App. 3d 311, 313, 474 N.E.2d 28, 30.\nWhen a party seeks to vacate or modify a property settlement incorporated into a dissolution judgment, the settlement is presumed valid. A reviewing court may not reverse the trial court\u2019s judgment merely because different conclusions could be drawn from the evidence. Rather, the modification of a dissolution judgment rests in the sound discretion of the trial court; a reviewing court will not disturb the trial court\u2019s findings unless the evidence clearly requires. (Riedy, 130 Ill. App. 3d at 313, 474 N.E.2d at 30.) A reviewing court will set aside a settlement agreement only if it is shown that the agreement was procured through coercion, duress, or fraud, or if the reviewing court finds that the agreement is contrary to any rule of law, public policy, or morals (In re Marriage of Morris (1986), 147 Ill. App. 3d 380, 389, 497 N.E.2d 1173, 1178; Riedy, 130 Ill. App. 3d at 313, 474 N.E.2d at 30), or is unconscionable (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 40, par. 502(b)).\nI\nMary Ann first claims that the settlement agreement is unconscionable. She argues that the settlement is unconscionable because: (A) it did not provide for maintenance, and (B) it is generally unfair and inequitable.\nA\nMary Ann argues that the settlement was unconscionable because it did not provide for maintenance. Mary Ann claims that she is enti-tied to \u201cpermanent maintenance on the basis of her being 67 years of age, unlikely employment potential and ill-health. George is 55 years of age and a gainfully employed professor of music who is quite capable of providing Mary Ann with support.\u201d\nSection 504(a) of the Act provides that a court may grant maintenance only if it finds that the spouse seeking maintenance lacks sufficient property, including marital property apportioned to her, to provide for her reasonable needs; is unable to support herself through appropriate employment; or is otherwise without sufficient income. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1989, ch. 40, par. 504(a).) The Act intends that post-marital support be accomplished through a just distribution of marital assets wherever possible, rather than maintenance. Kujawinski v. Kujawinski (1978), 71 Ill. 2d 563, 576, 376 N.E.2d 1382, 1388; In re Marriage of Smith (1981), 100 Ill. App. 3d 1126, 1131, 427 N.E.2d 1262, 1267; Ill. Ann. Stat., ch. 40, par. 504, Historical & Practice Notes, at 524 (Smith-Hurd 1980).\nAfter carefully reviewing the record, we cannot accept Mary Ann\u2019s argument that the absence of maintenance, by itself, renders the settlement agreement unconscionable. The property distribution provides Mary Ann with a cash payment, proceeds from the sale of the real estate, several bank accounts, several certificates of deposit, an individual retirement account, and half of George\u2019s pension. According to Mary Ann\u2019s own calculations, she will receive, from her half of George\u2019s pension alone, a lifetime annual annuity income of approximately $8,400. We further note that, due to Mary Ann\u2019s age, she is able to begin immediately to withdraw the monthly annuity. The record shows that the marital assets apportioned to Mary Ann appear to generate income sufficient to meet her needs. See In re Marriage of Harding (1989), 189 Ill. App. 3d 663, 679-80, 545 N.E.2d 459, 469-70; Smith, 100 Ill. App. 3d at 1131, 427 N.E.2d at 1267.\nB\nMary Ann further argues that the settlement is unconscionable because it is generally unfair and inequitable. However, unfairness or inequality does not render a marital settlement agreement unconscionable. Rather, a settlement \u201cis unconscionable when it is improvident, totally one-sided or oppressive.\u201d Riedy, 130 Ill. App. 3d at 317, 474 N.E.2d at 33.\nApplying these principles to the case at bar, we conclude that the settlement was not unconscionable. Mary Ann essentially waived maintenance in exchange for a greater share (approximately 62%) of the marital assets. We cannot say that the settlement is improvident, totally one-sided, or oppressive. We uphold the trial court\u2019s finding that the settlement agreement is not unconscionable.\nII\nMary Ann next contends her trial counsel coerced her into settling the case. As examples of this alleged coercion, Mary Ann refers to the several portions of the prove up hearing which we previously quoted.\nCoercion or duress includes the imposition, oppression, undue influence, or the taking of undue advantage of the stress of another, whereby that person is deprived of the exercise of her free will. Further, stress is common in dissolution proceedings; stress alone does not coercion make. The burden of proving duress, by clear and convincing evidence, is on the person asserting it. Riedy, 130 Ill. App. 3d at 314, 474 N.E.2d at 30-31.\nAfter carefully reviewing the record, we cannot say that the record contains evidence of coercion that is so clear and convincing that the settlement agreement should be set aside. This court has noted that \u201cthose cases in which evidence of coercion was found usually involved hastily contrived agreements occurring only hours before the hearing.\u201d (Riedy, 130 Ill. App. 3d at 314, 474 N.E.2d at 31.) However, the settlement in the present case was not by any means \u201chastily contrived.\u201d The settlement was the result of extensive discovery and several pretrial conferences.\nMoreover, this case had been in the trial court for nearly two years when the settlement was finally reached. Mary Ann was represented by counsel throughout those proceedings. If Mary Ann\u2019s attorneys could have deprived her of the exercise of her free will, Mary Ann could have been coerced into settlement long before the day of trial. See In re Marriage of Chapman (1987), 162 Ill. App. 3d 308, 316-17, 515 N.E.2d 424, 430-31.\nLastly, the above-quoted portions of the prove up show that Mary Ann understood the terms and consequences of the settlement agreement. Mary Ann was not enthusiastic about that portion of the settlement which pertained to maintenance. However, she acknowledged that the agreement was \u201cthe best we can do under the circumstances.\u201d Mary Ann understood that she had the right to have a trial to determine asset distribution. She stated that no one had threatened her and that she was not under the influence of any medication or other substance.\nMary Ann, however, chose to settle her case rather than accept the uncertainty of a trial. The anxiety inherent in making this choice does not, by itself, constitute coercion. (See Morris, 147 Ill. App. 3d at 392-93, 497 N.E.2d at 1179-80.) The fact that Mary Ann \u201chas since changed her mind should not render the settlement invalid.\u201d (Harwich v. Horwich (1979), 68 Ill. App. 3d 518, 522, 386 N.E.2d 620, 622.) We uphold the trial court\u2019s finding that Mary Ann entered into the settlement agreement freely and voluntarily. See Riedy, 130 Ill. App. 3d at 314-15, 474 N.E.2d at 31.\nFor the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nJIGANTI, P.J., and JOHNSON, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE LINN" } ], "attorneys": [ "William J. Gerard, of Gerard & Gerard, of Chicago, for appellant on appeal only.", "Davis, Friedman, Zavett, Kane & McRae, of Chicago (Muriel Kuhs, of counsel), for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "In re MARRIAGE OF MARY ANN FLYNN, Petitioner-Appellant, and GEORGE FLYNN, Respondent-Appellee.\nFirst District (4th Division)\nNo. 1\u201491\u20142101\nOpinion filed July 16, 1992.\nWilliam J. Gerard, of Gerard & Gerard, of Chicago, for appellant on appeal only.\nDavis, Friedman, Zavett, Kane & McRae, of Chicago (Muriel Kuhs, of counsel), for appellee." }, "file_name": "0394-01", "first_page_order": 414, "last_page_order": 422 }