{ "id": 5155055, "name": "MARGARET CHRYSLER, Special Adm'x of the Estate of Herbert E. Chrysler, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILLIAM R. DARNALL, Defendant-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "Chrysler v. Darnall", "decision_date": "1992-11-23", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201490\u20140595", "first_page": "673", "last_page": "682", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "238 Ill. App. 3d 673" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "558 N.E.2d 493", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "200 Ill. App. 3d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2463003 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/200/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "565 N.E.2d 211", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "206 Ill. App. 3d 1065", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2560228 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/206/1065-01" ] }, { "cite": "397 N.E.2d 141", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "78 Ill. App. 3d 445", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5605010 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "448" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/78/0445-01" ] }, { "cite": "469 N.E.2d 1389", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "128 Ill. App. 3d 125", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 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App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2648185 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "68" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/185/0064-01" ] }, { "cite": "432 N.E.2d 1267", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1273" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "104 Ill. App. 3d 642", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5474055 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "649" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/104/0642-01" ] }, { "cite": "552 N.E.2d 1248", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "195 Ill. App. 3d 852", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2493076 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/195/0852-01" ] }, { "cite": "151 Ill. 2d 95", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3291499 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/151/0095-01" ] }, { "cite": "354 N.E.2d 471", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "41 Ill. App. 3d 754", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 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App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5071547 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "283" }, { "page": "283" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/166/0276-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 959, "char_count": 21045, "ocr_confidence": 0.776, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.2850062023152557e-07, "percentile": 0.6185055576599253 }, "sha256": "85c56bd4e8adfea9a026bc4420be1489a094d53b676201c6479c0d57f3cb7b5c", "simhash": "1:2b84da06bf716b45", "word_count": 3376 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:49:43.416061+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "MARGARET CHRYSLER, Special Adm\u2019x of the Estate of Herbert E. Chrysler, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILLIAM R. DARNALL, Defendant-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE CAMPBELL\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff, Margaret Chrysler, as special administratrix of the estate of Herbert E. Chrysler, deceased, brought an action in the circuit court of Cook County against Dr. William Darnall under the Wrongful Death Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 70, pars. 1, 2) and the Survival Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 110\u00bd, par. 27\u20146). A jury found the defendant liable and returned a verdict in favor of plaintiff, awarding $25,000 in pecuniary damages for loss of society, and $6,000 in medical expenses, a total of $31,000. On appeal, plaintiff contends that the jury\u2019s verdict was against the manifest weight of the evidence presented at trial, and that the trial court improperly denied her motion for a new trial on the issue of damages only. For the following reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.\nThe following facts were adduced at trial. The decedent, Herbert E. Chrysler, died on September 7, 1979, at the age of 58 years. Plaintiff produced a mortality table at trial which indicated that at that time, the life expectancy of a man decedent\u2019s age was 19 years.\nDr. Darnall testified that he had been decedent\u2019s treating physician since 1950. At that time, decedent weighed 178 pounds. In 1970, Dr. Darnall treated decedent for epilepsy by prescribing Dilantin, an anti-convulsive medication, and Phenobarbitol, a nerve sedative, and in 1978 and 1979 decedent continued to take the medication daily.\nOn September 29, 1978, the decedent was admitted to Victory Memorial Hospital in Waukegan for acute thrombophlebitis of the right leg. At the time of his hospitalization, decedent was not working. Dr. Darnall treated decedent with bed rest and local heat, and started him on anti-coagulant drug therapy. Dr. Darnall testified that he did not give decedent Heparin, a drug which controls blood clotting, because in his opinion it was not indicated.\nDecedent was discharged from the hospital on October 8, 1978. In a subsequent visit on October 30, 1978, Dr. Darnall determined that the thrombophlebitis was cured, but did not give decedent leave to return to work. He noted that decedent had only minimal post-phlebetic residue (swelling) at that time, and did not prescribe oral anti-coagulants to decedent on an out-patient basis because he did not feel that decedent could comply with the strict rules of the prescription. Dr. Damall admitted that decedent had no problems taking the drugs prescribed for epilepsy during that time.\nOn July 29, 1979, decedent was admitted to Victory Memorial through the emergency room and again treated for thrombophlebitis. At that time, decedent weighed 120 pounds. Plaintiff told Dr. Darnall that decedent had been having confusion and memory loss for three to four weeks prior to admission and that he could not take care of himself. Dr. Darnall treated decedent in the same manner as before, with bed rest, local heat and oral anti-coagulants. Initially, decedent appeared to respond to the treatment, but subsequently Dr. Darnall had some difficulty getting satisfactory results and changed decedent\u2019s medication from Dicumarol to Coumadin. Dr. Darnall did not give decedent Heparin, and testified that decedent\u2019s epilepsy was a factor in his decision not to use that drag.\nDuring decedent\u2019s hospital stay, Dr. Darnall observed that decedent was mentally confused and disoriented. He asked plaintiff\u2019s permission to consult with a psychiatrist and thereafter engaged Dr. Edward DeLong to evaluate decedent. Dr. DeLong saw decedent on August 5, 1979, and diagnosed his condition as premature chronic brain syndrome. A CAT-scan test performed on decedent subsequently revealed that decedent suffered from generalized brain atrophy, an irreversible shrinkage of the brain, characterized by memory loss and lack \u00f3f judgment, orientation and intellect. Dr. DeLong testified that his prognosis for decedent was poor and suggested to plaintiff and decedent that they consider institutionalizing decedent in the Veteran\u2019s Administration Hospital mental health facility in nearby Downey, Illinois. Decedent was hostile to this suggestion.\nBased on an electroencephalogram (EEG) test performed on decedent, Dr. Darnall continued treating decedent for epilepsy with Dilantin and Phenobarbitol during his hospital stay.\nOn September 5, 1979, Dr. Darnall notified plaintiff that her husband\u2019s condition was critical. On that same day, he also told Carol Pellegrino, decedent\u2019s daughter, that her father was in critical condition. On September 6, 1979, Dr. Damall discontinued treatment with anticoagulants because an X ray showed that decedent had a ruptured esophagus, which caused peritonitis, an infection of the lining of the intestine in the abdominal cavity. On September 7, 1979, decedent died. Based on the autopsy report, Dr. Darnall listed the causes of decedent\u2019s death as bilateral pulmonary embolism and generalized peritonitis due to disruption of the lower portion of the esophagus. Dr. Darnall testified that decedent would have died of the generalized peritonitis had he not had the thrombophlebitis, and that in his opinion, decedent\u2019s life expectancy was not 19 years at the time of his death.\nBoth parties presented expert witness testimony on the issue of Dr. Darnall\u2019s liability, which is not the subject of this appeal. However, plaintiff cites the expert testimony for other reasons, so those pertinent portions will be discussed here. Dr. Larry Milner, plaintiff\u2019s expert, relied upon decedent\u2019s hospital and autopsy records in formulating his opinion that Dr. Darnall breached the standard of care in treating decedent. In describing the disease that afflicted decedent, Dr. Milner stated that pain may be a symptom of thrombophlebitis.\nDr. William Buckingham testified as an expert on behalf of the defendant. Dr. Buckingham examined decedent\u2019s hospital and autopsy records and noted that the records disclosed that decedent experienced pain in his chest as a result of his ruptured esophagus. Dr. Buckingham also testified that decedent would have died on September 7, 1979, or shortly thereafter, as a result of the ruptured esophagus and generalized peritonitis even if he had not developed the pulmonary emboli. The medical records relied upon by both experts were not presented to the jury or admitted into evidence at trial.\nPlaintiff testified that she was married to decedent on October 10, 1942, and had one child, Carol. She described her relationship with her husband as close and loving. She stated that decedent helped her with housework and drove her where she needed to go when she did not drive a car. They engaged in various activities together including watching television, and playing cribbage and cards.\nPlaintiff testified that decedent had a ninth-grade education and was employed as a road maintenance worker for the Illinois Department of Transportation. Decedent\u2019s salary was $15,287.60 per year. At the time of his death, decedent had been on a leave of absence from work since April 1978. Decedent had planned to retire at age 65.\nOn cross-examination, plaintiff admitted that it was possible that she and her husband had not had sexual relations since April 1978. Prior to his 1979 hospitalization, decedent could not take care of himself. Because of his mental condition during his second hospitalization, at times decedent did not know plaintiff was there when she visited him. At times plaintiff saw decedent fighting the tubes in his nose and noticed that his breathing \u201cwasn\u2019t like it was before.\u201d Plaintiff admitted that she did not know that her husband had epilepsy and did not know that he was taking anti-seizure medication daily.\nCarol Pellegrino, plaintiff and decedent\u2019s daughter, testified that her relationship with her father was very caring and loving, and that she was very close to her father because she was an only child. Carol was married in 1963 and left her parents\u2019 home. At that time, she lived 35 to 40 minutes away from her parents. Between 1963 and 1974 Carol saw her father at least once a week and spent holidays with her parents. She engaged in activities with her father including meals, shopping, watching television and playing cribbage. Carol sought her father\u2019s advice regarding child rearing and marital problems. Carol testified that during these years her father helped her with her children, taking the boys for haircuts, shopping or on trips to their paternal grandparents in Ohio. Decedent often took the boys to the park or played with them in the house.\nIn 1974, Carol moved to Arizona with her husband and family. She called home once or twice a month and spoke to both parents. Between 1974 and the time of decedent\u2019s death, Carol returned home to visit on two occasions. The visits lasted from a week to 10 days. Carol described her father as someone upon whom she could always depend throughout her lifetime.\nFollowing trial, the jury found in favor of the plaintiff and against Dr. Damall and awarded $6,000 for medical expenses under the survival count, and $25,000 in pecuniary damages to plaintiff under the wrongful death count. The jury did not award any amount for pain and suffering or disability experienced prior to decedent\u2019s death as a result of his injuries. The jury also declined to award any damages to Carol Pellegrino for pecuniary loss and loss of society. Judgment was entered on the verdict, and plaintiff filed a post-trial motion requesting a new trial on damages only. The trial court denied the motion on February 1,1990. This timely appeal followed.\nPlaintiff now contends that the trial court erred in denying her post-trial motion for a new trial on the issue of damages only, arguing that the evidence demonstrates that the jury\u2019s award of damages was palpably inadequate and against the manifest weight of the evidence.\nThe issue of damages is particularly within the discretion of the jury and courts are reluctant to interfere with the jury\u2019s exercise of its discretion. (Gruidl v. Schell (1988), 166 Ill. App. 3d 276, 283, 519 N.E.2d 963, 968.) A reviewing court may order a new trial if the damages are manifestly inadequate, if it is clear that proved elements of damages have been ignored or if the amount awarded bears no reasonable relationship to the loss suffered by the plaintiff. (Hollis v. R. Latoria Construction, Inc. (1985), 108 Ill. 2d 401, 407, 485 N.E.2d 4, 6.) To determine whether a jury verdict on the amount of damages is inadequate for any of the foregoing reasons, we must consider the record as a whole. Collins v. Straka (1987), 164 Ill. App. 3d 355, 517 N.E.2d 1147.\nPlaintiff first complains that the jury\u2019s assessment of $25,000 as pecuniary damages was palpably inadequate. Plaintiff suggests that $25,000 bears no reasonable relationship to the loss she suffered with decedent\u2019s death. Plaintiff argues that because the jury found defendant liable and assessed some damages, it therefore should have assessed more damages. Plaintiff\u2019s argument is unsupported by any persuasive authority.\nThe relevant portions of the Wrongful Death Act provide that the jury may give damages for pecuniary injuries from the wrongful death to the widow and next of kin of the decedent. Such damages are based on the presumption of reasonable expectation of benefits from the continuation of life. (Flynn v. Vancil (1968), 41 Ill. 2d 236, 242 N.E.2d 237.) The presumption, however, is rebuttable. Under the rules relating to presumptions, the presumption of pecuniary loss would, in the absence of any evidence of such loss, establish a prima facie case for plaintiff and merely shift the burden to defendant to establish contrary facts which the jury would be obliged to weigh. Implicit in the right to weigh the presumption is the right to give it no weight at all. Flynn, 41 Ill. 2d at 240.\nPlaintiff seeks to establish that the presumption alone entitles her to a more substantial verdict. This argument was specifically rejected in Smith v. Jewell (1976), 41 Ill. App. 3d 754, 758, 354 N.E.2d 471, in which the court stated \u201csubstantial loss does not require the jury to award substantial damages.\u201d An award of damages is not palpably inadequate just because it was less than generous. Gruidl, 166 Ill. App. 3d at 283.\nThe record shows that the evidence presented in the present case was sufficient to rebut the presumption of pecuniary loss. The record indicates that decedent had not been working since April 1978, three months prior to his initial hospitalization for thrombophlebitis. Plaintiff\u2019s attorney stated at trial that the pecuniary damages claim was limited to the time frame of decedent\u2019s second hospitalization until decedent\u2019s expected retirement at the age of 65. The record further indicates that decedent suffered from an irreversible brain atrophy which would have required institutionalization and constant care. Finally, the evidence disclosed that decedent would have died from causes unrelated to Dr. Darnall\u2019s treatment for thrombophlebitis around the same period of time. In light of the evidence presented at trial, the jury\u2019s verdict of $25,000 for pecuniary damages, despite a finding of liability, was clearly within the province of the jury and in accordance with the law.\nRegarding plaintiff\u2019s argument that decedent\u2019s daughter, Carol Pellegrino, was wrongly denied pecuniary damages, we similarly find no error. Even though both the plaintiff and her daughter may both suffer legally cognizable pecuniary injury which may include loss of society, it does not necessarily follow that both parties will be treated alike for purposes of the application of a presumption of loss of society. (See In re Estate of Finley (1992), 151 Ill. 2d 95.) Further, a jury verdict of no damages is not inconsistent with a finding of liability. Flynn, 41 Ill. 2d at 240.\nPlaintiff further contends that the jury ignored instructions and disregarded proven elements of damages in failing to award any damages for decedent\u2019s pain and suffering and disability under the survival count. Plaintiff first argues that the evidence proved that plaintiff suffered pain. Plaintiff further argues that because the jury found defendant liable, and awarded medical expenses, it follows that damages should have been awarded for pain and suffering. Plaintiff\u2019s contentions are unsupported by the record or by authority.\nDamages must be proved to be recovered. (Poeta v. Sheridan Point Shopping Plaza Partnership (1990), 195 Ill. App. 3d 852, 552 N.E.2d 1248.) The plaintiff has the burden of proving causation and the nature and extent of her alleged injuries, even though liability is established. (Nicholl v. Scaletta (1982), 104 Ill. App. 3d 642, 649, 432 N.E.2d 1267, 1273.) The evidence presented concerning the time period involved must do more than provide speculation that decedent was conscious and suffered pain. Bart v. Union Oil Co. (1989), 185 Ill. App. 3d 64, 68, 540 N.E.2d 770, 773; Maras v. Bertholdt (1984), 126 Ill. App. 3d 876, 890-91, 467 N.E.2d 599, 609-10.\nIn the present case, the record shows that the evidence failed to conclusively establish that decedent experienced pain and suffering as a result of the conduct of Dr. Darnall. Plaintiff\u2019s expert, Dr. Milner, gave his opinion regarding the standard of care given to decedent by Dr. Darnall during decedent\u2019s two hospitalizations. With regard to his opinion, Dr. Milner described the disease and testified that pain is often a symptom of thrombophlebitis. The record shows that Dr. Milner relied upon decedent\u2019s hospital records in formulating his opinion and that the records were not admitted as evidence at trial.\nMedical records are inadmissible hearsay, and an expert\u2019s testimony regarding them does not transform the records into substantively admissible evidence. (Henry v. Brenner (1985), 138 Ill. App. 3d 609, 486 N.E.2d 934.) Indeed, expert testimony regarding the contents of medical records is admissible solely to illustrate and explain the basis of the expert\u2019s opinion. (Mayer v. Baisier (1986), 147 Ill. App. 3d 150, 157, 497 N.E.2d 827, citing Henry, 138 Ill. App. 3d at 614.) Thus, Dr. Milner\u2019s testimony is insufficient to establish pain and suffering on the part of decedent.\nPlaintiff\u2019s only other evidence regarding decedent\u2019s pain and suffering was her own testimony that decedent\u2019s breathing while in the hospital the second time \u201cwasn\u2019t like it was before,\u201d that he slept constantly and was \u201cfighting something.\u201d This evidence is speculative, and, therefore inconclusive. The only other evidence of pain came in the testimony of defendant\u2019s expert, Dr. Buckingham, who testified that decedent experienced pain as a result of the ruptured esophagus. There was no testimony that the ruptured esophagus was in any way related to the pulmonary emboli and related treatment by Dr. Darnall.\nPlaintiff cites a number of cases in which a jury\u2019s verdict was held inadequate as a matter of law for failure to consider the pain and suffering caused by the underlying injury. These cases are distinguishable from the present case because the victims\u2019 pain and suffering could be more easily inferred by the court. In Giardino v. Fierke (1987), 160 Ill. App. 3d 648, 513 N.E.2d 1168, this court held that a jury\u2019s verdict of slightly less than the amount of the uncontroverted special damages was inadequate as a matter of law. There, the court inferred pain and suffering from an injury resulting in a nine-day hospital stay, numerous treatments for back pain, partial hearing loss and vertigo.\nPlaintiff also cites Schranz v. Halley (1984), 128 Ill. App. 3d 125, 469 N.E.2d 1389, and Stamat v. Merry (1979), 78 Ill. App. 3d 445, 397 N.E.2d 141, but these cases are also distinguishable from the present case. In Schranz, the jury awarded the plaintiff the exact amount of her medical expenses, but the appellate court reversed for failure of the verdict to account for the plaintiff\u2019s obvious pain and suffering. The plaintiff in that case suffered a skull fracture, a concussion and cerebral contusions and was hospitalized for a week. (Schranz, 128 Ill. App. 3d at 127.) Similarly, in Stamat, the plaintiff had extensive facial fractures, which had to be repaired by permanently wiring his face, and suffered permanently from double vision and a partial loss of feeling in his face. (Stamat, 78 Ill. App. 3d at 448.) Clearly, the extent of the injuries in both these cases provided a sufficient basis for the reviewing court to infer the existence of compensable pain and suffering. Here, we cannot make that same inference based on the evidence presented at trial.\nPlaintiff\u2019s further argument that the jury was obligated to award damages for pain and suffering because it awarded medical expenses is without merit. It is well established that a verdict of liability with an award of damages for medical expenses but not for pain and suffering is entirely proper. (See, e.g., Perry v. Storzbach (1990), 206 Ill. App. 3d 1065, 565 N.E.2d 211; Elliott v. Koch (1990), 200 Ill. App. 3d 1, 558 N.E.2d 493.) Thus, there is no basis for the conclusion that the jury verdict was against the manifest weight of the evidence regarding decedent\u2019s alleged pain and suffering.\nPlaintiff further complains of the jury\u2019s lack of assessment of damages for decedent\u2019s alleged disability experienced prior to his death. Plaintiff argues that decedent was disabled for the 40-day period of his hospitalization, that he was confined to bed and was therefore unable to attend to his usual activities. Plaintiff cites no authority for her contention that this hospitalization constitutes damages for disability. The record indicates, however, that decedent was disabled prior to his hospitalization, being unable to care for himself and unable to engage in his usual activities.\nAn award will be held to be inadequate where in light of the plaintiff\u2019s proved medical expenses, pain and suffering, and disabilities, the jury could not have considered all of these damage elements in arriving at its award. (Giardino, 160 Ill. App. 3d at 652.) As plaintiff failed to prove pain and suffering and disability, the jury\u2019s verdict was not manifestly inadequate. It does not follow that because the jury failed to assess damages for each item on the itemized verdict form, the jury failed to follow instructions. We therefore find that the trial court properly denied plaintiff\u2019s motion for a new trial on the issue of damages only.\nFor the above reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nBUCKLEY, P.J., and MANNING, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE CAMPBELL" } ], "attorneys": [ "Goldberg & Goldberg and David A. Novoselsky & Associates, both of Chicago (David A. Novoselsky and Linda A. Bryceland, of counsel), for appellant.", "Bullaro, Carton & Stone, of Chicago (James R. Branit and Madeleine Weldon-Linne, of counsel), for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "MARGARET CHRYSLER, Special Adm\u2019x of the Estate of Herbert E. Chrysler, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WILLIAM R. DARNALL, Defendant-Appellee.\nFirst District (1st Division)\nNo. 1\u201490\u20140595\nOpinion filed November 23, 1992.\nGoldberg & Goldberg and David A. Novoselsky & Associates, both of Chicago (David A. Novoselsky and Linda A. Bryceland, of counsel), for appellant.\nBullaro, Carton & Stone, of Chicago (James R. Branit and Madeleine Weldon-Linne, of counsel), for appellee." }, "file_name": "0673-01", "first_page_order": 691, "last_page_order": 700 }