{ "id": 5149340, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. DONALD J. KUNTZ, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Kuntz", "decision_date": "1993-01-15", "docket_number": "No. 3\u201492\u20140300", "first_page": "587", "last_page": "592", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "239 Ill. App. 3d 587" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "224 N.E.2d 660", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "80 Ill. App. 2d 229", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2562760 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/80/0229-01" ] }, { "cite": "293 N.E.2d 692", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1967, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "9 Ill. App. 3d 1048", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2851293 ], "year": 1967, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/9/1048-01" ] }, { "cite": "470 N.E.2d 297", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "104 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3146924 ], "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/104/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "453 N.E.2d 139", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "117 Ill. App. 3d 698", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3481117 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/117/0698-01" ] }, { "cite": "492 N.E.2d 207", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "142 Ill. App. 3d 741", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3451509 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/142/0741-01" ] }, { "cite": "583 N.E.2d 1187", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "223 Ill. App. 3d 131", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5254639 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/223/0131-01" ] }, { "cite": "381 N.E.2d 321", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "64 Ill. App. 3d 453", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3329978 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/64/0453-01" ] }, { "cite": "413 N.E.2d 542", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "90 Ill. App. 3d 687", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3159847 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/90/0687-01" ] }, { "cite": "539 N.E.2d 756", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "183 Ill. App. 3d 636", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2628904 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/183/0636-01" ] }, { "cite": "551 N.E.2d 283", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "194 Ill. App. 3d 653", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 8499128 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/194/0653-01" ] }, { "cite": "115 N.E. 130", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "276 Ill. 630", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 4855687 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "641" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/276/0630-01" ] }, { "cite": "169 N.E.2d 244", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "20 Ill. 2d 126", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2737298 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "132" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/20/0126-01" ] }, { "cite": "599 N.E.2d 574", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "234 Ill. App. 3d 497", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5187153 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/234/0497-01" ] }, { "cite": "530 N.E.2d 210", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 5, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "217" }, { "page": "217" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "124 Ill. 2d 326", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3218359 ], "weight": 5, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "341" }, { "page": "341" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/124/0326-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 616, "char_count": 11312, "ocr_confidence": 0.755, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.0730899238988679e-07, "percentile": 0.5602309246600864 }, "sha256": "02983490d04432f4eaaa7849b95cc1a427b7974662e2bb970d4c778092ff021c", "simhash": "1:9beab8c577e705b7", "word_count": 1884 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:51:04.850958+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "BARRY and STOUDER, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. DONALD J. KUNTZ, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE SLATER\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant Donald Kuntz was arrested on March 5, 1992, and charged with improper lane usage and driving under the influence of alcohol. Defendant submitted to a breathalyzer test which indicated a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.23 and his driver\u2019s license was summarily suspended (see Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 95\u00bd, pars. 11\u2014501.1(d), (e)). Defendant filed a petition to rescind the summary suspension (see Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 2\u2014118.1) which was denied. Defendant appeals from the denial of his petition, contending that: (1) the trial court abused its discretion in sua sponte granting a continuance and allowing the State to reopen its case; and (2) the court erred in admitting certain evidence without a proper foundation and in violation of the best evidence rule. We reverse.\nThe 56-year-old defendant testified that he left work around 10:15 p.m. on March 5, 1992, and stopped in a tavern on the way home where he had two beers. Defendant also admitted taking \u201ca couple of sips\u201d from a pint bottle of vodka prior to starting work at 2:45 p.m. Defendant was subsequently stopped by Officer Patrick Murphy of the Braidwood police department at approximately 11:30 p.m. Defendant stated that he successfully completed one field sobriety test (the alphabet test) but he was unable to perform the one-leg stand test because of weakness in his ankles. Defendant denied that he was under the influence of alcohol. Defendant was first taken to the Braidwood police department and then to the Wilmington police department for a breathalyzer test. Defendant testified that he was not given any warnings prior to the breathalyzer test, nor was he issued any traffic citations until after the test was completed.\nAfter defendant rested his case, the State moved for a directed finding with respect to paragraph five of defendant\u2019s petition to rescind. Paragraph five alleged that the results of the breathalyzer test did not indicate a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.10 or more. The trial court denied the State\u2019s motion, finding that the defendant had established a prima facie case with regard to this allegation.\nOfficer Murphy testified for the State that he stopped the defendant\u2019s van at 11:25 p.m. after it twice crossed the center line of the road. Defendant had no problem producing his driver\u2019s license and proof of insurance, but he smelled strongly of alcohol. Murphy testified that the defendant was unable to perform the field sobriety tests and defendant stated, \u201cthat I [Murphy] knew that he [defendant] was drunk, so why should we go on with any other of the tests?\u201d Defendant was arrested, taken to the Braidwood police department, and issued citations for improper lane usage and driving under the influence of alcohol. Defendant was then transported to the Wilmington police department because there was no breathalyzer machine at Braidwood.\nMurphy further testified that he was a certified breathalyzer operator, that defendant agreed to a breathalyzer test after receiving the statutory warning (see Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 95\u00bd, par. 11\u2014501.1(c)), and that he observed the defendant for 20 minutes prior to administering the test. Murphy turned on the breathalyzer machine and changed the mouthpiece, but he did not calibrate it or run any kind of check on it. Murphy identified the printout containing the results of the defendant\u2019s breathalyzer test and indicated that it read 0.23. The printout was admitted into evidence over defendant's objection.\nThe State rested its case after Murphy\u2019s testimony and the parties presented their closing arguments. The defendant argued that no evidence, such as log books, had been introduced to show that the breathalyzer machine had been tested for accuracy, nor was there any evidence that the machine was working properly at the time the test was administered. After the State\u2019s closing argument, defense counsel again emphasized the lack of proof concerning the accuracy and certification of the breathalyzer machine, at which time the trial court interrupted and asked the assistant State\u2019s Attorney if he \u201cwant[ed] time to bring in the log books.\u201d Although the defendant objected, the court then granted a continuance until the next day to allow the State to reopen its case and present additional evidence.\nThe following day, again over defendant\u2019s objection, Officer Murphy testified that prior to administering the breathalyzer test to the defendant the machine was \u201cpurged\u201d by taking an air sample from the room. Copies of a log book showing that the breathalyzer machine had been calibrated on February 18, 1992, were later admitted into evidence over defendant\u2019s objection. The defendant\u2019s petition to rescind the statutory summary suspension was subsequently denied.\n\u2019 The defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in sua sponte granting a continuance and allowing the State to reopen its case. The State responds that this issue is moot because the trial court erred in initially finding that defendant had established a prima facie case for rescission. Alternatively, the State argues that the court properly allowed the State to reopen its case.\nA summary suspension hearing is a civil proceeding at which the suspended motorist bears the burden of proof. (People v. Orth (1988), 124 Ill. 2d 326, 530 N.E.2d 210.) Once a motorist has made a prima facie case that the breathalyzer test result did not accurately reflect his blood-alcohol concentration, the State can only avoid rescission by moving for admission of the test into evidence and laying the. necessary foundation, which includes evidence that the machine was regularly tested for accuracy and was working properly. (Orth, 124 Ill. 2d 326, 530 N.E.2d 210.) A prima facie case for rescission \u201cmay consist of any circumstance which tends to cast doubt on the test\u2019s accuracy, including, but not limited to, credible testimony by the motorist that he was not in fact under the influence of alcohol.\u201d (Orth, 124 Ill. 2d at 341, 530 N.E.2d at 217.) The trial court\u2019s determination of a prima facie case will not be disturbed on appeal unless it is against the manifest weight of the evidence. Orth, 124 Ill. 2d 326, 530 N.E.2d 210; People v. Graney (1992), 234 Ill. App. 3d 497, 599 N.E.2d 574.\nIn this case the defendant testified that his alcohol consumption was minimal, that he was able to perform a field sobriety test, and that he was not under the influence of alcohol. \u201c[I]f the trial judge finds such testimony credible *** the burden shift[s] to the State to lay a proper foundation for the admission of the test results.\u201d (Orth, 124 Ill. 2d at 341, 530 N.E.2d at 217.) Where the trial court\u2019s findings are based on the credibility of the witnesses, we may not substitute our judgment for that of the court. (Graney, 234 Ill. App. 3d 497, 599 N.E.2d 574.) The trial court\u2019s determination that defendant established a prima facie case for rescission was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.\nWe next consider defendant\u2019s claim that the trial court abused its discretion by sua sponte granting a continuance and allowing the State to reopen its case. As our supreme co\u00fart has noted, it is generally never improper for a judge to aid in bringing out the truth in a fair and impartial manner, although no inflexible rule can be applied in such matters. (People v. Franceschini (1960), 20 Ill. 2d 126, 169 N.E.2d 244.)\n\u201c \u2018It is the judge\u2019s duty to see that justice is done, and where justice is liable to fail because a certain fact has not been developed or a certain line of inquiry has not been pursued it is his duty to interpose and either by suggestions to counsel or an examination conducted by himself avoid the miscarriage of justice, but in so doing he must not forget the function of the judge and assume that of the advocate.\u2019 \u201d Franceschini, 20 Ill. 2d at 132, quoting People v. Lurie (1917), 276 Ill. 630, 641, 115 N.E. 130.\nSee also People v. Murray (1990), 194 Ill. App. 3d 653, 551 N.E.2d 283 (no error by court in questioning witness); People v. Hicks (1989), 183 Ill. App. 3d 636, 539 N.E.2d 756 (no error where trial court sua sponte raised issue of inevitable discovery); People v. Walter (1980), 90 Ill. App. 3d 687, 413 N.E.2d 542 (no error in court reminding prosecutor regarding identification of defendant and establishing venue).\nA trial court has discretion to permit the State to reopen its case to present additional proof (People v. Faulkner (1978), 64 Ill. App. 3d 453, 381 N.E.2d 321), including proof establishing the very facts necessary for a conviction (People v. Henderson (1991), 223 Ill. App. 3d 131, 583 N.E.2d 1187). Moreover, while motions to reopen are usually made by one of the parties, the court may take such action on its own motion where a sound basis for the action appears in the record. (Bank of Illmo v. Simmons (1986), 142 Ill. App. 3d 741, 492 N.E.2d 207.) The discretion of the trial judge is not unlimited, however, and he may never depart from his function as judge and assume the role of an advocate. Franceschini, 20 Ill. 2d 126, 169 N.E.2d 244; In re R.S. (1983), 117 Ill. App. 3d 698, 453 N.E.2d 139, aff\u2019d on other grounds (1984), 104 Ill. 2d 1, 470 N.E.2d 297; People v. Cofield (1973), 9 Ill. App. 3d 1048, 293 N.E.2d 692; People v. McGrath (1967), 80 Ill. App. 2d 229, 224 N.E.2d 660.\nIn this case, after presentation of all the evidence, defense counsel argued for a ruling in his client\u2019s favor and pointed out that the State had failed to present evidence that the breathalyzer machine had been regularly tested and was working properly. Nevertheless, the assistant State\u2019s Attorney did not ask for a continuance or move to reopen the case, but instead chose to rely on the testimony of Officer Murphy, stating, \u201cI have nothing beyond that.\u201d Under the circumstances, we believe that the trial judge impermissibly acted as an advocate when he prompted the State to seek a continuance and present additional evidence the following day. (Cf. In re R.S., 117 Ill. App. 3d 698, 453 N.E.2d 139 (court abused its discretion in calling and questioning a witness and thereby helping to establish the State\u2019s case).) It is clear that but for the court\u2019s intervention, the State would have failed to rebut the defendant\u2019s prima facie case and the petition to rescind the summary suspension would had to have been granted. We find that the trial court abused its discretion in sua sponte granting a continuance and allowing the State to reopen its case. In view of our disposition, we need not address the second issue raised by defendant.\nFor the reasons stated above, the judgment of the circuit court is reversed. This cause is remanded and the court is directed to grant the defendant\u2019s petition to rescind the summary suspension.\nReversed and remanded with directions.\nBARRY and STOUDER, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE SLATER" } ], "attorneys": [ "Kalian & Grnacek, of Joliet (Kenneth A. Grnaeek, of counsel), for appellant.", "Edward Burmila, Jr., State\u2019s Attorney, of Joliet (John X. Breslin and Gary F. Gnidovec, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. DONALD J. KUNTZ, Defendant-Appellant.\nThird District\nNo. 3\u201492\u20140300\nOpinion filed January 15, 1993.\nKalian & Grnacek, of Joliet (Kenneth A. Grnaeek, of counsel), for appellant.\nEdward Burmila, Jr., State\u2019s Attorney, of Joliet (John X. Breslin and Gary F. Gnidovec, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0587-01", "first_page_order": 607, "last_page_order": 612 }