{ "id": 5311122, "name": "John Truelsen, Ex'r of the Estate of Nellie Truelsen, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Richard Levin et al., Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Truelsen v. Levin", "decision_date": "1974-11-21", "docket_number": "No. 59612", "first_page": "733", "last_page": "737", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "24 Ill. App. 3d 733" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "229 N.E.2d 504", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "37 Ill.2d 494", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2866138 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "510" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/37/0494-01" ] }, { "cite": "177 N.E.2d 254", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "32 Ill.App.2d 163", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5232821 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "170" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/32/0163-01" ] }, { "cite": "243 N.E.2d 657", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "662" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "102 Ill.App.2d 39", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2533707 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "49" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/102/0039-01" ] }, { "cite": "35 Ill.2d 74", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5380589 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "78-79" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/35/0074-01" ] }, { "cite": "35 Ill.2d 49", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5379547 ], "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "54" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/35/0049-01" ] }, { "cite": "18 Ill.2d 48", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5329761 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "60-61" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/18/0048-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 Ill.App.2d 435", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2556755 ], "year": 1959, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "437" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/83/0435-01" ] }, { "cite": "117 Ill.App.2d 375", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 1586067 ], "year": 1967, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "383-386" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/117/0375-01" ] }, { "cite": "283 N.E.2d 321", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "5 Ill.App.3d 439", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2529221 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "443" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/5/0439-01" ] }, { "cite": "293 N.E.2d 916", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "918" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "10 Ill.App.3d 43", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5398489 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "45" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/10/0043-01" ] }, { "cite": "66 N.E.2d 728", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "329 Ill.App. 28", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App.", "case_ids": [ 5653832 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "32" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app/329/0028-01" ] }, { "cite": "243 N.E.2d 730", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1946, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "102 Ill.App.2d 237", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2533586 ], "year": 1946, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/102/0237-01" ] }, { "cite": "128 N.E.2d 581", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1968, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "6 Ill.App.2d 517", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5140223 ], "year": 1968, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/6/0517-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 528, "char_count": 8994, "ocr_confidence": 0.74, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.6998778139847473e-07, "percentile": 0.8283148940343626 }, "sha256": "a22575f8fcdee57b44f8594397e0844a69f1a550581514aa91aa0205030b9d1d", "simhash": "1:453411a4d2dcc5c9", "word_count": 1494 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:53:16.970085+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "John Truelsen, Ex\u2019r of the Estate of Nellie Truelsen, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Richard Levin et al., Defendants-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. JUSTICE McGLOON\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nJohn Truelsen, as executor of the estate of Nellie Truelsen, brought this action against the defendants to recover for personal injuries allegedly caused by the defendants\u2019 negligence in failing to provide Mrs. Truelsen, whom the defendants had employed to care for their minor children, with a safe place to work. Specifically, the complaint charged that the defendants carelessly and negligently maintained a dishwasher in the kitchen in such a condition that it leaked water onto the floor; that as a consequence, defendants kept a small rug in the kitchen where it was likely to cause a person to trip, stumble or fall; and that as a direct and proximate result, Mrs. Truelsen fell and was injured. At the close of plaintiff\u2019s evidence the trial court ordered a directed verdict for the defendants and it is from this order that plaintiff now appeals.\nWe affirm.\nPlaintiff contends on appeal that the trial court improperly excluded certain evidence and that with this evidence the case should have gone to a jury. Defendants contend that (1) the evidence was properly excluded and (2) that even if such evidence were admitted the trial court was still correct in directing a verdict for defendants.\nThe decedent, Nellie Truelsen, was employed as a babysitter by defendants Richard and Audrey Levin at their residence in Niles, Illinois, while the Levins were away on vacation in January of 1968. During this period, specifically January 18, 1968, the Niles Fire Department responded to a call at the Levins\u2019 house and upon arriving found Mrs. Truelsen injured and in a disabled condition. The fire department ambulance then took Mrs. Truelsen to Lutheran General Hospital where she received emergency treatment. Several days later, Mrs. Truelsen was transferred to Northwest Hospital where she was operated on. The day after the operation Mrs. Truelsen died.\nThere were no eyewitnesses to this accident and plaintiff relied basically on circumstantial evidence in proving his case in the trial court. The trial court admitted into evidence the report of the Niles Fire Department which states that Mrs. Truelsen fell in the kitchen and the nurse\u2019s report at Lutheran General Hospital which states that Mrs. Truelsen slipped on a rug and fell.\nPlaintiff at trial established that a dishwasher was kept in the kitchen of the Levins\u2019 house. Plaintiff further attempted at trial to show that the dishwasher leaked on occasion, and that when it would leak it was the practice and custom to place a rug under the dishwasher to catch the suds and water. Plaintiff\u2019s questions along these lines were objected to by defendants and such objections were sustained by the trial court.\nPlaintiff then made an offer of proof outside of the presence of the jury and read into the record certain portions of the depositions of Richard Levin taken August 4, 1971, and Sandra Sedorchuk Petersen taken August 3, 1971. The offer of proof showed the following: that a rug was kept in a recession underneath the dishwasher when the dishwasher was in operation; that when the dishwasher would leak the rug was placed on the floor underneath the dishwasher to catch the excess suds that would drip over; that the dishwasher was used once a day on the average and would leak perhaps once a week or once a month. The offer of proof further indicated that the defendants wanted the rug to be placed on the floor when the dishwasher leaked and that when Sandra Sedorchuk Petersen arrived shortly after the accident the rug was gone.\nIt is plaintiff\u2019s contention on appeal that such evidence should have been admitted by the trial court and that such evidence established a jury question on the issues of negligence and proximate cause. We feel, however, that even if such evidence were admitted, the trial court was still correct in directing a verdict for the defendants. It is true, as plaintiff contends, that circumstantial evidence may be used to prove a fact in issue when there are no eyewitnesses. (See Holsman v. Darling State Street Corp. (1955), 6 Ill.App.2d 517, 128 N.E.2d 581, and Golden v. Big Bear Foods, Inc. (1968), 102 Ill.App.2d 237, 243 N.E.2d 730.) However, it is also true as stated in Coulson v. Discerns (1946), 329 Ill.App. 28, 32, 66 N.E.2d 728, 730:\n\"A fact cannot be established by circumstantial evidence unless the circumstances are of a nature and so related to each other that it is the only conclusion that can be drawn therefrom, and mere conjecture, guess, or suspicion is insufficient.\u201d See also Fabschitz v. King (1973) 10 Ill.App.3d 43, 45, 293 N.E.2d 916, 918.\nIn the case at bar the only' evidence concerning the proximate cause of the accident are the nurse\u2019s report which indicates that Nellie Truelsen fell on a rug and the fire department report which indicates that Nellie Truelsen fell in the kitchen. The offer of proof allegedly indicated that a rug was customarily placed under the dishwasher when it leaked, which was approximately once a week or once a month. There is no evidence, however, that the floor was wet at the time of the accident or that the rug was on the floor when the fire department arrived. Under these facts, to say that defendants\u2019 negligence in maintaining a leaky dishwasher was the proximate cause of Mrs. Truelsen\u2019s injury would be mere conjecture. As stated in Hagerman v. National Food Stores, Inc. (1972), 5 Ill.App.3d 439, 443, 283 N.E.2d 321, 324:\n\u201cLiability cannot be predicated upon surmise or conjecture as to the cause of the injury; proximate cause can only be established when there is a reasonable certainty that defendants\u2019 acts caused the injury. (Guttman v. Salvaggio (1969), 117 Ill.App.2d 375, 383-386, Sansone v. Atchison, T. & S.F. Ry. Co. (1967), 83 Ill.App.2d 435, 437. Also see, Tiffin v. The Great A. & P. Tea Co. (1959), 18 Ill.2d 48, 60-61.) It is patent that no liability existed unless defendants\u2019 alleged negligence was the legal cause of plaintiff\u2019s injury. (Pitts v. Basile (1966), 35 Ill.2d 49, 54.) Failing to establish this element of proximate cause, plaintiff had not sustained his burden of making a prima facie case of negligence, and it was proper to direct the verdict for defendants. See, Driscoll v. Rasmussen Corp. (1966), 35 Ill.2d 74, 78-79.\u201d\nEssentially the same rule of law is quoted in McInturff v. Chicago Title & Trust Co. (1968), 102 Ill.App.2d 39, 243 N.E.2d 657. In McInturff the plaintiff fell down a stairway in a building owned by the Chicago Title and Trust Company. There were no eyewitnesses to the accident. Evidence admitted at trial showed that the stairs were worn and that, in violation of a city ordinance, there was no railing on the right hand side of the stairway. In overturning the jury\u2019s decision for the plaintiff, the Illinois Appellate Court reasoned as follows:\n\u201cThe fragmentary evidence on the issue of the defendants\u2019 negligence did not establish any relationship between the alleged negligence and the proximate cause of the decedent\u2019s fall and injury. There was no direct evidence relative to what took place prior to and at the time of the decedent\u2019s injury. There was no proof that the condition' of the stairway, or the alleged failure to comply with the handrail ordinances, caused by the injury or damage suffered by the plaintiff. The burden was on the plaintiff to establish by a preponderance of the .evidence the causal relation between .the alleged negligence and the injury sustained by the decedent. Absent proof of a causal relationship between the condition of the stairs and the decedent\u2019s death, the plaintiff was not entitled to recover. Damages cannot be assessed on mere surmise or conjecture as to what probably happened to cause his injury and death. Withey v. Illinois Power Co., [32 Ill.App.2d 163, 170, 177 N.E.2d 254].\u201d McInturff v. Chicago Title and Trust Co., 102 Ill.App.2d 39, 49, 243 N.E.2d 657, 662.\nThe rule concerning, directed verdicts in Illinois is clearly stated in Pedrick v. Peoria & Eastern Ry. Co. (1967) 37 Ill.2d 494, 510, 229 N.E.2d 504, 513-14:\n\"[V]erdicts ought to be directed * * 5 only in those cases in which all of the. evidence, when viewed in its aspect most favorable to the opponent, so overwhelmingly favors movant that no contrary verdict based on that evidence could ever stand.\u201d\nThe record indicates that the trial court used the above standard in directing a verdict in favor of the defendants and we agree with the trial court\u2019s decision. Accordingly, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.\nDEMPSEY and MEJDA, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. JUSTICE McGLOON" } ], "attorneys": [ "William Andrew Kelly, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Francis D. Morrissey, Ernest C. Meloche, and Edward J. IZulkey, all of Baker & McKenzie, of Chicago, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "John Truelsen, Ex\u2019r of the Estate of Nellie Truelsen, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Richard Levin et al., Defendants-Appellees.\n(No. 59612;\nFirst District (3rd Division)\nNovember 21, 1974.\nRehearing denied January 9, 1975.\nWilliam Andrew Kelly, of Chicago, for appellant.\nFrancis D. Morrissey, Ernest C. Meloche, and Edward J. IZulkey, all of Baker & McKenzie, of Chicago, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0733-01", "first_page_order": 757, "last_page_order": 761 }