{ "id": 5102074, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. WILLIAM NORTON, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Norton", "decision_date": "1992-12-31", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201491\u20141119", "first_page": "82", "last_page": "86", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "244 Ill. App. 3d 82" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "542 N.E.2d 915", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "186 Ill. App. 3d 833", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2659515 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/186/0833-01" ] }, { "cite": "524 N.E.2d 738", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "170 Ill. App. 3d 285", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3585650 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/170/0285-01" ] }, { "cite": "445 N.E.2d 795", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "112 Ill. App. 3d 486", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5434271 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/112/0486-01" ] }, { "cite": "575 N.E.2d 1386", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "216 Ill. App. 3d 711", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5288045 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/216/0711-01" ] }, { "cite": "595 N.E.2d 1317", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "231 Ill. App. 3d 447", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5203982 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/231/0447-01" ] }, { "cite": "398 N.E.2d 38", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "79 Ill. App. 3d 318", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5610043 ], "year": 1992, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/79/0318-01" ] }, { "cite": "565 N.E.2d 900", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "141 Ill. 2d 40", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3238211 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/141/0040-01" ] }, { "cite": "570 N.E.2d 344", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "211 Ill. App. 3d 305", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2526784 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/211/0305-01" ] }, { "cite": "263 N.E.2d 840", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "46 Ill. 2d 348", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2899528 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/46/0348-01" ] }, { "cite": "352 N.E.2d 299", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "40 Ill. App. 3d 328", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2965476 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/40/0328-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 516, "char_count": 9161, "ocr_confidence": 0.775, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.706451848693849e-08, "percentile": 0.5299523254058441 }, "sha256": "4201884f9c645fd31fb87a6ec8af504f2c89ae20f95a9ec68392ecda8504a69c", "simhash": "1:c3601936e21e9cdb", "word_count": 1502 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:27:37.423199+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. WILLIAM NORTON, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE McNULTY\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nAfter a jury trial, defendant William Norton was found guilty of first degree murder and sentenced to 40 years\u2019 imprisonment. Defendant appeals, contending that: (1) the court improperly admitted evidence of defendant\u2019s gang affiliation; (2) the prosecutor committed reversible error when he failed to prove up the impeachment of defendant and an alibi witness with prior inconsistent statements; (3) the trial court erred in not allowing defense counsel to present hearsay evidence of a recanting eyewitness; and (4) the trial court abused its discretion by sentencing defendant to 40 years\u2019 imprisonment. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.\nFidel Torres testified that he was a member of the street gang, the Bishops, and that they were rivals of the Satan Disciples. Torres stated that in the evening of October 12, 1989, he was standing on a street comer with Javier Ortega, when defendant, whom he knew as \u201cBenny,\u201d rode past in the back of a blue pickup track and shot him. Defendant shot three more times, hitting Javier Ortega in the head. Ortega died as a result of the gunshot wound.\nMaribel Mujica testified that she was in her third-floor apartment at 1727 West 18th Street, when she heard a shot, ran to the front window that overlooks 18th Street and saw a man standing in the back of a pickup track shooting at Javier Ortega. She identified the man as William Norton, also known as \u201cBenny.\u201d The father of Mujica\u2019s children is Fidel Torres. Mujica testified that Torres is a member of the street gang known as the Bishops. Mujica stated that she had seen that same pickup track before with members of the Satan Disciples street gang in it.\nOfficer Tarka, of the Gang Crimes West Unit, testified that the area of the shooting was frequented by gangs known as the Latin Counts, the Bishops, and the Satan Disciples.\nDefendant\u2019s friend, John Brown, testified that he spoke to defendant at 9:30 p.m. John went over to defendant\u2019s house at 10:30 p.m. and defendant did not leave in the half hour that John was present.\nManuel Brown testified that defendant never left the apartment from 9 p.m. to 12 a.m. on the night of the shooting. According to Manuel, defendant only talked to his girl friend on the phone. He also testified that John Brown came over at 10:30 p.m.\nDefendant testified that he was a member of the Satan Disciples. He testified that he was home all night, helping Manuel pack, on the evening of October 12, 1989. Defendant stated that he knew Fidel Torres, that Torres was a member of the Bishops and that defendant and Torres disliked each other. Defendant stated that the only calls he received that evening were from his girl friend, mother and Manuel Brown\u2019s mother.\nDefendant first contends that the trial court improperly allowed the jury to hear testimony that gangs frequented the area of the shooting and that defendant was a member of the Satan Disciples. We disagree.\nCourts have recognized that there is often a strong prejudice against street gangs, particularly in metropolitan areas. (People v. Parrott (1976), 40 Ill. App. 3d 328, 352 N.E.2d 299.) Despite this fact, evidence concerning a defendant\u2019s gang affiliation is admissible if it is relevant to the charges filed against the defendant. (People v. Hairston (1970), 46 Ill. 2d 348, 263 N.E.2d 840.) If defendant\u2019s gang affiliation is relevant, it is admissible even if it is prejudicial to the accused since in such a case the probative value of the evidence outweighs the prejudicial impact. (People v. Buchanan (1991), 211 Ill. App. 3d 305, 570 N.E.2d 344.) Evidence of a defendant\u2019s gang membership is relevant and admissible to provide a motive for an otherwise inexplicable act. People v. Smith (1990), 141 Ill. 2d 40, 565 N.E.2d 900.\nThe testimony at trial revealed that Fidel Torres and Javier Ortega were members of the Bishops and that the Bishops were rivals of the Satan Disciples. The testimony further revealed that defendant was a member of the Satan Disciples. In addition, Officer Tarka testified that the area of the shooting was frequented by the Bishops and their rival gang the Satan Disciples and that drive-by shootings are prevalent in that community. This testimony was clearly relevant to establish a motive for the shooting.\nDefendant next maintains that the prosecutor committed reversible error by failing to prove up the impeachment of defendant and an alibi witness with prior inconsistent statements. When a prosecutor insinuates the existence of a prior inconsistent statement by the witness and the witness either denies or is unable to recall making the statement, the prosecutor must produce evidence that the prior inconsistent statement was made. (People v. Morris (1979), 79 Ill. App. 3d 318, 398 N.E.2d 38.) Although the failure to follow through with proof of a prior inconsistent statement is error, such error may be harmless where there is other positive evidence of defendant\u2019s guilt. People v. Allan (1992), 231 Ill. App. 3d 447, 595 N.E.2d 1317.\nThe record supports defendant\u2019s argument that the prosecutor did not complete the impeachment of defendant or his alibi witness, and then in closing argument briefly reiterated the substance of the impeached evidence. Nonetheless, we find these errors harmless. The jury was instructed that statements made during closing argument are not evidence and any statement or argument made by an attorney which is not based on evidence should be disregarded. (See People v. Hrowbowski (1991), 216 Ill. App. 3d 711, 575 N.E.2d 1386.) Furthermore, there was overwhelming evidence of defendant's guilt.\nDefendant next contends that the trial court erred in not allowing defense counsel to present hearsay evidence of an absent recanting eyewitness to determine the substance and materiality of her new testimony.\nDefense counsel made a motion for a new trial, contending that Maribel Mujica confided to him after trial that she had been pressured by the police to testify falsely at trial. However, Mujica never appeared in court to testify to such. Instead, defense counsel sought to have his secretary testify using her notes taken during the interview with Mujica. Defendant claims that the trial court erred in not hearing the hearsay testimony of defense counsel\u2019s secretary before denying defendant\u2019s motion for a new trial.\nA motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence is left to the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed on review absent an abuse of discretion. (People v. Martin (1983), 112 Ill. App. 3d 486, 445 N.E.2d 795.) Here, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant\u2019s motion for a new trial. The recanting witness failed to appear at any of the scheduled court dates, and the trial court certainly did not abuse its discretion in refusing to admit the hearsay testimony of defense counsel\u2019s secretary about the content of Maribel Mujica\u2019s recantation statements.\nFurthermore, while defendant claims that defense counsel was ineffective in failing to subpoena Mujica, there is no indication that had Mujica been subpoenaed, the trial court would have granted a new trial. Recantation testimony is ordinarily not a sufficient basis for a new trial. (People v. Bushey (1988), 170 Ill. App. 3d 285, 524 N.E.2d 738.) Moreover, it may have been defense counsel\u2019s trial strategy not to subpoena Mujica. Defense counsel may have been concerned that if he subpoenaed Mujica, she would have been uncooperative with him and possibly not give her recanted testimony.\nLastly, we find no merit to defendant\u2019s final contention that his 40-year sentence is excessive in light of defendant\u2019s age, education, employment and rehabilitative potential. The imposition of a sentence is a matter of judicial discretion and, absent an abuse of discretion, the sentence of a trial court may not be altered upon review. (People v. Stewart (1989), 186 Ill. App. 3d 833, 542 N.E.2d 915.) Defendant was convicted of first degree murder, which provides a sentence of not less than 20 years and not more than 60 years. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 38, par. 1005\u20148\u20141(a)(1)(a).) While the trial court did in fact consider defendant\u2019s age and background as mitigating factors, the trial court also considered the aggravating factors of the nature of the crime and the fact that as of the date of sentencing, defendant was on probation for possession of a stolen motor vehicle. The trial court weighed these factors and came up with a sentence within the statutory range which was not an abuse of discretion.\nAccordingly, based on the reasons set forth above, we affirm.\nAffirmed.\nGORDON and COUSINS, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE McNULTY" } ], "attorneys": [ "Michael J. Pelletier and Craig Jago Beauchamp, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Jack O\u2019Malley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee Goldfarb, Veronica X. Calderon, and Christopher Daddino, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. WILLIAM NORTON, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (5th Division)\nNo. 1\u201491\u20141119\nOpinion filed December 31, 1992.\nMichael J. Pelletier and Craig Jago Beauchamp, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.\nJack O\u2019Malley, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee Goldfarb, Veronica X. Calderon, and Christopher Daddino, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0082-01", "first_page_order": 102, "last_page_order": 106 }