{ "id": 2961695, "name": "JOSEPH S. PASKARNIS, JR., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DARIEN-WOODRIDGE FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Paskarnis v. Darien-Woodridge Fire Protection District", "decision_date": "1993-11-05", "docket_number": "No. 2\u201492\u20141120", "first_page": "585", "last_page": "588", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "251 Ill. App. 3d 585" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "115 Ill. App. 3d 481", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3558149 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/115/0481-01" ] }, { "cite": "164 Ill. App. 3d 503", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3581297 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/164/0503-01" ] }, { "cite": "106 Ill. 2d 520", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3138751 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "525" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/106/0520-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 Ill. 2d 502", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3130445 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/108/0502-01" ] }, { "cite": "210 Ill. App. 3d 966", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2533665 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "974" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/210/0966-01" ] }, { "cite": "85 Ill. 2d 124", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5469094 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "130" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/85/0124-01" ] }, { "cite": "142 Ill. 2d 495", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3236738 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "505" }, { "page": "505" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/142/0495-01" ] }, { "cite": "149 Ill. App. 3d 383", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3459072 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "386" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/149/0383-01" ] }, { "cite": "124 Ill. App. 3d 158", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3428775 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "162" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/124/0158-01" ] }, { "cite": "221 Ill. App. 3d 440", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5794038 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/221/0440-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 479, "char_count": 8020, "ocr_confidence": 0.787, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.485609133982238e-07, "percentile": 0.6620011436960225 }, "sha256": "1d3ad9abe62024793951f45816616200aabbb837aa9569161feff87dcf4e3a11", "simhash": "1:f367d4c6fa5c9400", "word_count": 1283 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:22:05.264174+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "JOSEPH S. PASKARNIS, JR., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DARIEN-WOODRIDGE FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE QUETSCH\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe plaintiff, Joseph Paskarnis, Jr., was discharged from his job as fire chief of the Darien-Woodridge Fire Protection District (defendant). The plaintiff filed a two-count second amended complaint in the circuit court of Du Page County, alleging the tort of retaliatory discharge in count II. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss count II for failure to state a cause of action pursuant to section 2 \u2014 615 of the Code of Civil Procedure. (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 615 (West 1992).) The trial court granted defendants\u2019 motion and dismissed count II of the plaintiff\u2019s second amended complaint with prejudice. This appeal followed. For the reasons that follow, we reverse.\nThe plaintiff alleged in count II of his second amended complaint that he was hired as fire chief of the Darien-Woodridge Fire Protection District on October 13, 1986. On September 14, 1990, he approved 12-hour shifts, commencing from 6 p.m. and concluding at 6 a.m., for full-time and part-time fire fighters. On November 7, 1990, defendant Don Boland, the trustee for the Darien-Woodridge Fire Protection District, appointed a part-time fire fighter to schedule the part-timers for work. He scheduled two shifts for the part-time fire fighters, one from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m., and the next shift from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. The changing of the shifts resulted in no training for part-time fire fighters, and the plaintiff spoke out against their resulting lack of preparedness. On November 7, 1990, and February 15, 1991, the defendants provided the plaintiff with a list of 12 \u201cdeficiencies.\u201d On March 13, 1991, the plaintiff was fired from his job as fire chief. The plaintiff complains that he was discharged for speaking out against the lack of preparedness of the part-time fire fighters.\nThe plaintiff contends that count II of his second amended complaint alleged sufficient facts to plead a cause of action sounding in retaliatory discharge. When reviewing the dismissal of a complaint for failure to state a cause of action, all well-pleaded facts and inferences drawn therefrom are accepted as true. (Eisenbach v. Esformes (1991), 221 Ill. App. 3d 440.) A reviewing court should interpret the facts alleged in the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. (Wysocki v. Bedrosian (1984), 124 Ill. App. 3d 158, 162.) A complaint should not be dismissed unless it clearly appears that no set of facts could be proved under the pleadings which would entitle the pleader to relief. (People v. Sequoia Books, Inc. (1986), 149 Ill. App. 3d 383, 386.) Pleadings are to be liberally construed with a view to doing substantial justice between the parties. 735ILCS 5/2-603 (West 1992).\nThe tort of retaliatory discharge is a limited and narrow cause of action recognized as an exception to the general rule that an \u201cat-will\u201d employee is terminable at any time for any reason or no reason. (Fellhauer v. City of Geneva (1991), 142 Ill. 2d 495, 505.) To establish a cause of action in retaliatory discharge, the plaintiff must show that he was discharged in retaliation for his activities and that the discharge was in contravention of a clearly mandated public policy. (Fellhauer, 142 Ill. 2d at 505.) A clearly mandated public policy \u201cconcerns what is right and just and what affects the citizens of the State collectively. It is to be found in the State\u2019s constitution and statutes and, when they are silent, in its judicial decisions. [Citation.] Although there is no precise line of demarcation dividing matters that are the subject of public policies from matters purely personal, *** a matter must strike at the heart of a citizen\u2019s social rights, duties, and responsibilities before the tort will be allowed.\u201d Palmateer v. International Harvester Co. (1981), 85 Ill. 2d 124, 130.\nIn Illinois, retaliatory discharge actions have been allowed in two settings: (1) when an employee is discharged for filing a claim under the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act (820 ILCS 305/1 et seq. (West 1992)); and (2) when an employee is discharged for reporting illegal or improper conduct. (Layne v. Builders Plumbing Supply Co. (1991), 210 Ill. App. 3d 966, 974.) The only other situation recognized by an Illinois court as giving rise to a claim of retaliatory discharge is when an employee was discharged after refusing to work with a radioactive machine while its operation was being conducted in violation of regulations promulgated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published in the Federal Register. Wheeler v. Caterpillar Tractor Co. (1985), 108 Ill. 2d 502.\nIn this case, the plaintiff alleged in count II of his second amended complaint that he was discharged in retaliation for speaking out against the defendants\u2019 improper conduct of not training part-time fire fighters. Section 1 of the Illinois Fire Protection Training Act provides:\n\u201cIt is declared as a matter of legislative determination that in order to promote and protect the health, safety and welfare of the public, it is necessary and in the public interest to provide for the encouraging and aiding of municipalities, counties and other local governmental agencies of this State in their efforts to raise the level of local fire protection by upgrading and maintaining a high level of training for fire protection personnel.\u201d 50 ILCS 740/1 (West 1992).\nThus, section 1 of the Illinois Fire Protection Training Act clearly establishes that the public policy of this State is to maintain a high level of training for its fire protection personnel. \u201cFire protection personnel\u201d is defined as \u201cany person engaged in fire administration, fire prevention, fire suppression, fire education and arson investigation, including any permanently employed, trainee or volunteer fire fighter, whether or not such person, trainee or volunteer is compensated for all or any fraction of his time.\u201d 50 ILCS 740/ 2(e) (West 1992).\nThe discharge of the plaintiff for speaking out against the lack of training of part-time fire fighters would contravene the clearly mandated public policy of upgrading and maintaining a high level of training for fire protection personnel. Thus, count II of the plaintiff\u2019s second amended complaint alleges facts which, if proven, would entitle him to relief for the tort of retaliatory discharge. The trial court therefore erred in granting the defendants\u2019 section 2\u2014 615 motion to dismiss count II of the plaintiff\u2019s second amended complaint with prejudice.\nWe recognize that our supreme court has not strongly supported the expansion of the tort. (Barr v. Kelso-Burnett Co. (1985), 106 Ill. 2d 520, 525.) However, our holding is consistent with other cases in which an employee has been discharged for reporting illegal or improper conduct. See Shores v. Senior Manor Nursing Center, Inc. (1988), 164 Ill. App. 3d 503 (cause of action allowed when employee/ nurse\u2019s assistant was discharged after reporting to administrator that the full-time nurse, a licensed practical nurse, was not performing her duties properly); Witt v. Forest Hospital, Inc. (1983), 115 Ill. App. 3d 481 (cause of action allowed when employee/nurse was discharged for providing information to the Guardianship and Advocacy Commission about patient care at the employer/hospital).\nAlthough count II of the plaintiff\u2019s second amended complaint is not as artfully drawn as it might have been, and contains surplus-age which we disregard, it does state a cause of action for retaliatory discharge.\nFor the foregoing reasons, the trial court\u2019s order dismissing with prejudice count II of the plaintiff\u2019s second amended complaint for failure to state a cause of action is reversed, and the cause is remanded.\nReversed and remanded.\nINGLIS, P.J., and GEIGER, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE QUETSCH" } ], "attorneys": [ "Stanley H. Jakala, of Berwyn, for appellant.", "Justin J. Tedrowe, of Woodridge, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "JOSEPH S. PASKARNIS, JR., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DARIEN-WOODRIDGE FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT et al., Defendants-Appellees.\nSecond District\nNo. 2\u201492\u20141120\nOpinion filed November 5, 1993.\nStanley H. Jakala, of Berwyn, for appellant.\nJustin J. Tedrowe, of Woodridge, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0585-01", "first_page_order": 605, "last_page_order": 608 }