{ "id": 2786910, "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Clifford Jackson, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Jackson", "decision_date": "1975-02-13", "docket_number": "No. 59870", "first_page": "618", "last_page": "631", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "26 Ill. App. 3d 618" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "463 F.2d 773", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1344251, 1344245 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/463/0773-02", "/f2d/463/0773-01" ] }, { "cite": "289 N.E.2d 601", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "607" }, { "page": "609-10" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "53 Ill.2d 62", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2927578 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "71-72" }, { "page": "76" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/53/0062-01" ] }, { "cite": "30 Ill.2d 178", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2827026 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/30/0178-01" ] }, { "cite": "310 N.E.2d 166", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "56 Ill.2d 560", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5404489 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "565" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/56/0560-01" ] }, { "cite": "50 A.L.R.2d 176", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "257 F.2d 41", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 454558 ], "year": 1968, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/257/0041-01" ] }, { "cite": "308 N.E.2d 577", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "579" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "56 Ill.2d 361", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5404559 ], "weight": 4, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "363-64" }, { "page": "365-66" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/56/0361-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 N.E.2d 333", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "336" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "131 Ill.App.2d 881", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2903857 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "885" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/131/0881-01" ] }, { "cite": "138 N.E.2d 528", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "531" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "9 Ill.2d 484", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5320761 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "489-90" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/9/0484-01" ] }, { "cite": "287 N.E.2d 310", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1940, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "320" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "5 Ill.App.3d 1009", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2526489 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1940, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1027" }, { "page": "1028" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/5/1009-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1187, "char_count": 31250, "ocr_confidence": 0.717, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.215587831628974e-07, "percentile": 0.8667706109506771 }, "sha256": "f4a3a5ff9b9bf4f588440ec5327e56ac911ad0646be4f9419b8f5740424bccf3", "simhash": "1:b9a0b065c6b7bd5b", "word_count": 5353 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:35:11.694582+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Clifford Jackson, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. JUSTICE JOHNSON\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nClifford Jackson was charged with the offense of murder in an indictment which alleged that, on August 29, 1972, he beat and killed Nina Ozier with an iron pipe. Following a jury verdict of guilty, Jackson was sentenced to a term of not less than 30 nor more than 90 years in the penitentiary.\nOn appeal, the defendant raises several issues for review. Because the case must be reversed and remanded for a new trial, we deem it necessary to discuss only the following questions:\n(1) Whether the admission into evidence of the hearsay statement of the deceased\u2019s 4-year-old granddaughter was error;\n(2) Whether the court erred in its response to a request by the jury to review the transcript of the trial; and\n(3) Whether the giving of a deadlock instruction to the jury by the court was reversible error.\nThe testimony adduced at trial may be summarized as follows: The first witness called by the State was Mrs. Wanda Haynes, the daughter of the deceased. Mrs. Haynes testified that Nina Ozier had lived with the defendant off and on for 6 or 7 years prior to August 29, 1972, but on that date was living with her. According to the witness, the deceased left the apartment early on the morning of August 29 to go to work, accompanied by her 4-year-old granddaughter, Alicia. Mrs. Haynes testified that the next time she saw her mother was the following morning at the County Morgue and that her mother was dead. Further, Mrs. Haynes stated that the next time she saw her daughter, Alicia, was about 1 A.M. on August 30, 1972, when three police officers brought the child home. The following exchange then took place between the prosecutor and the witness:\n\u201cQ. And when you saw your daughter what was the first thing that she said to you?\nA. She said that grandmother was dead. That, \u2018Granddaddy Clifford hit her with a big stick and she fell.\u2019 \u201d\nAn objection to this testimony was overruled, and Mrs. Haynes stated that the person her daughter referred to as \u201cGranddaddy Clifford\u201d was the defendant, Clifford Jackson. On cross-examination, Mrs. Haynes stated that she had seen Clifford Jackson and her mother together quite often and that Mr. Jackson\u2019s treatment of the deceased was \u201cvery cruel.\u201d The witness further testified that her mother was about 5 feet 7 inches tall and weighed about 190 pounds.\nThe State\u2019s next witness was Chicago policeman Alex Kaider. The officer testified that, shortly after 9 P.M. on August 29, 1972, he and his partner were sitting in their squad car at the intersection of Warren and Sacramento Streets when they observed Clifford Jackson, Nina Ozier, and a female child standing on the corner. Kaider testified that he observed the defendant slap Mrs. Ozier on the face. When Kaider asked what the problem was, Jackson replied that his wife was intoxicated and he was trying to get her home. Kaider further testified that, in order to quell the disturbance, he and his partner drove the woman and the child to Jacksons car located at 3059 West Washington, where they met Jackson. The officer stated that Mrs. Ozier appeared to be intoxicated. According to Kaider, the woman fell onto the street as Jackson helped her get out of the car. Then, stated the officer, he helped Jackson pick her up and place her in a white automobile which Jackson stated was his. Thereafter, the officer and his partner left the area. Kaider further testified that he did not notice anything unusual about Jackson\u2019s appearance or clothing at that time.\nKaider then testified that, shortly after midnight on the same evening, he responded to a radio call regarding a disturbance and fight in an alley near 3059 West Washington. According to Kaider, Jackson was standing in a garage and upon seeing him said, \u201cHi officer, remember me?\u201d Upon entering the garage, Kaider stated that he saw Mrs. Ozier lying on the floor alongside an abandoned automobile. Kaider testified that Mrs. Ozier\u2019s clothing was disheveled and bloodstained, her lips were swollen, and her face was bruised. The officer stated that there were also bloodstains on Jackson\u2019s shirt and some scratches about his face.\nThe State called Charlie Jones as its next witness. Jones testified that he lived in an apartment at 3035 West Washington Street and had known Clifford Jackson and Nina Ozier prior to the date of the incident. Jones testified that, between 9:30 and 10:30 P.M. on August 29, 1972, he went downstairs to a garage in the alley behind his apartment, where he saw Jackson standing by a car with Mrs. Ozier nearby. According to Jones, Jackson dragged Mrs. Ozier into the garage by her legs and asked her about some keys. Jones stated that Jackson then looked around the garage, found a piece of iron, and began to beat Mrs. Ozier with it. Jones identified People\u2019s Exhibit No. 5 as the iron pipe used by Jackson to inflict the beating. Jones stated further that Jackson stopped beating the woman from time to time and that he told Jackson two or three times to stop beating her. Jones testified that he did not see a child in the vicinity at that time.\nAccording to Jones, he then left the garage and went upstairs to his apartment, where he remained for about 15 or 30 minutes. The witness stated that Jackson then called upstairs for him to hurry down to the garage, stating that he believed Nina Ozier was dead. Jones stated that he rushed down with a bucket of water, which Jackson used to wipe Mrs. Ozier\u2019s face. At this time, according to Jones, he saw a child, who was approximately 4 years old, sitting in Jackson\u2019s car. The witness stated that the car was parked in front of the garage and the door was open. Jones further testified that he had seen Jackson beat Nina Ozier 5 or 6 times prior to the incident which led to her death.\nOn cross-examination, Jones testified that, when he first went downstairs, he saw Mrs. Ozier lying on the right-hand side of Jacksons car and that the defendant then dragged her into the garage by her legs. Jones\u2019 testimony before the grand jury on December 20, 1972, was then read into evidence, and he acknowledged that his earlier statement to the grand jury was that Jackson began beating the woman with the iron pipe immediately and did not drag her into the garage by the legs. Jones testified that he did not recall which hand Jackson used to strike Mrs. Ozier, but then demonstrated the manner in which the blows were delivered and concluded that Jackson used both of his hands. Jones further stated that he did not actually see the blows strike Mrs. Ozier\u2019s body because he was on the opposite side of the car, but later stated that they were delivered to the lower portion of her body in the rib area. The cross-examination of Jones further revealed that he did not remain in the garage throughout the beating but drove Jackson\u2019s car to a nearby liquor store where he purchased a half-pint of whiskey at Jackson\u2019s request. He then brought the liquor back to the garage and drank it along with Jackson. Jones stated that he subsequently drove to the liquor store a second time to buy more liquor. Jones\u2019 testimony on cross-examination was that the child accompanied him to the liquor store. Further, the witness stated that he did not tell anyone at the liquor store about the beating, that he thought about calling the police but did not, and that it was Jackson who asked that the police be called. On redirect examination, Jones testified that he did not attempt to stop the beating because Jackson and Mrs. Ozier had told him during fights on previous occasions not to interfere.\nChicago policeman William McCorkle, called as a witness for the State, testified that he and his partner arrived on the scene at approximately 11:55 P.M. in response to a call regarding a fight in the alley. He stated that they were flagged down by Clifford Jackson, who told them that he thought a woman was dead in the garage. The officer testified that he went into the garage, saw the decedent, and felt for a pulse. According to McCorkle, he noticed that she was stiff. McCorkle testified that Jackson replied \u201cNo\u201d when asked if he knew her or if he knew anything about what had happened. The witness further stated that he recovered a wad of money near the head of the deceased and a large metal object, identified as People\u2019s Exhibit No. 5, at the rear of the garage resting against a window. According to McCorkle, Jackson\u2019s, clothing was in disarray, bloodstains were on his shirt, and some scratches were about his neck.\nThe State\u2019s next witness was Martha Wilson who stated that she was living with Charles Jones on August 29, 1972, and had known Clifford Jackson and Nina Ozier for about 3 months prior to the date of the incident. Ms. Wilson testified that she saw Jackson slap Mrs. Ozier about 2 weeks prior to the date of her death. Regarding the events of August 29, 1972, Ms. Wilson stated that Charles Jones left their apartment and went downstairs between 9:30 and 10:30 P.M. About 30 minutes later, Jones returned to the apartment but did not say anything about what had happened while he was away. The witness testified further that, about 15 or 30 minutes thereafter, Jackson called for Jones, who took some water from the apartment and went downstairs again.\nDr. Eugene Constantinou, a forensic pathologist, testified that he performed a pathological examination on Nina Ozier\u2019s body. The doctor stated that his external examination revealed bruises on the neck, face, chest and abdomen. His internal examination revealed blood in the tissues of the forehead, several broken ribs, and a punctured lung. The physician testified that in his opinion, the cause of death was extreme injuries to the head, neck and chest with the effect of fracture of the ribs and laceration of the lung. The witness testified that the injuries to the neck and face were caused by violence and could have resulted from blows by a fist, and that the rib fractures could have been caused by blows from a heavy metal object. Dr. Constantinou further testified that the injuries could not have been caused by a fall from an automobile seat to the ground.\nThe State\u2019s final witness was Mary Ann Mohan, a microanalyst for the Chicago Police Department Criminalistics Division, who testified regarding her analysis of various blood samples submitted to her. According to Ms. Mohan, the deceased had type A-B blood and this blood type occurs in about 3 percent of the population. The witness further stated that extracts of blood identified as having been taken from the floor of the garage, from a metal pipe (People\u2019s Exhibit No. 5), and from Clifford Jackson\u2019s clothing all contained type A-B blood.\nClifford Jackson testified in his own behalf as follows: On August 29, 1972, the witness was living alone in an apartment at 3045 West Washington Street in the city of Chicago. Jackson said that Nina Ozier had lived with him from 1963 to 1970, that he still maintained contact with her, and that occasionally she would spend the night or several days with him. Jackson stated that he had been employed as a mechanic and tow driver for 3 years prior to August 29, 1972, but did not work on that date. According to Jackson, Mrs. Ozier called him twice on the date of the incident and asked him to pick her and her granddaughter up from the train station. Jackson stated that he could tell from her voice over the telephone that she had been drinking. Jackson testified further that he arrived at the train station about 6:30 P.M. and subsequently drove Mrs. Ozier and Alicia to a liquor store where Mrs. Ozier purchased a bottle of whiskey. According to Jackson, Mrs. Ozier finished the bottle and started walking back to the liquor store to get more, but he told her that she was too \u201chigh\u201d to take the child. He further testified that he slapped Mrs. Ozier in order to get her loose from a fence she was holding onto, and it was at this point that a police officer came up to them and asked what was wrong. Jackson\u2019s testimony regarding what then occurred is consistent in all material respects with that of Officer Kaider, except Jackson stated that Mrs. Ozier was unconscious when he and the officers placed her in his car.\nAccording to Jackson, he then drove his car into the alley near his apartment because Mrs. Ozier was too heavy for him to carry. After sitting in the garage for awhile, Jackson stated that he returned to the car in which Mrs. Ozier had been placed and found that she had fallen out of it \u2014 her head was on the ground in the alley and her feet were hooked around the corner of the car door. According to the witness, he then unhooked her feet, dragged her into the garage by holding her under the arms, and propped her against the front wheel of another car which was parked in the garage. Jackson testified that he then tried to wake Mrs. Ozier by shaking her and slapping her on the side of her face, and that she did regain consciousness.\nJackson stated further that Charles Jones came down to the garage shortly after he arrived and was present when he dragged Mrs. Ozier into the garage. After talking with Jones for awhile, Jackson stated that he asked Jones if he wanted a drink. Jones then drove Jackson\u2019s car to the liquor store and returned with a half-pint. After they drank the first bottle, Jones went back to the liquor store for more, accompanied on both trips by Alicia.\nJackson testified that he then left the garage and drove his car to the front of the apartment. Then, according to Jackson, he carried Alicia upstairs, put her to bed, and watched television during the 30 to 50 minutes that elapsed before the child fell asleep. Jackson stated that, when he left the apartment to go back to his car, he saw a man walking in front of him on Washington. Jackson suspected that the man might have bothered Mrs. Ozier, but then watched the unidentified man walk away. When Jackson arrived at the garage, he testified that Mrs. Ozier was no longer sitting in the position in which he had left her, that her hand was limp, and that she was not breathing. Jackson then called for help and Jones came down. Jackson stated that he asked a neighbor to call the police while he put his arms around Mrs. Ozier and his face down to hers.\nOn cross-examination, Jackson testified that Alicia was fond of him and sometimes called him Grandpa Cliff; that he yelled at and slapped Mrs. Ozier on the night in question but did not hit her; that Jones never told him to stop hitting Mrs. Ozier but did say, \u201cDon\u2019t slap her\u201d; that Mrs. Ozier had struck him in the past and probably had caused his scratches; and that he and Mrs. Ozier had had disagreements in the past and he had struck her but never hard enough to cause bleeding.\nThe defendant\u2019s next witness was Sal Lena, who testified that Jackson had worked for him off and on for 3 years. Objections to Lena\u2019s opinion as to Jackson\u2019s reputation for truth and veracity were sustained. The defense then rested its case.\nThe first issue we shall discuss is the defendant\u2019s contention that the trial court erred in admitting the hearsay statement of Alicia, the 4-year-old granddaughter of the deceased. At trial the following colloquy occurred between Wanda Haynes, the daughter of the deceased and Alicia\u2019s mother, and the prosecutor:\n\u201cQ. And when you saw your daughter what was the first thing that she said to you?\nA. She said that grandmother was dead. That, \u2018Granddaddy Clifford hit her with a big stick and she fell.\u2019 \u201d\nThis testimony was admitted over objection.\nDuring the course of the People\u2019s closing argument, the prosecutor reminded the jury of this statement on several occasions. The prosecutor addressed the jury as follows:\n\u201c[Defense counsel] says there was but one eyewitness, Charles Jones. * * * That is not true, because there were two eyewitnesses. That small child witnessed this event as well. And the first person she reasonably could be expected to talk to about it she said what she saw: \u2018Gramma\u2019s dead. Grandpa Cliff hit her with a big stick. She fell down.\u2019\n* * *\nThere were two eyewitnesses: That little girl saw Clifford Jackson hit that woman with a big stick. Here is the big stick. (Indicating).\u201d\nThe question we must decide in determining this issue is whether the dhild\u2019s statement to her mother was properly admissible under the \u201cspontaneous declaration\u201d exception to the hearsay rule. The classical rationale underlying this exception was summarized by Wigmore as follows:\n\u201cThis general principle is based on the experience that, under certain external circumstances of physical shock, a stress of nervous excitement may be produced which stills the reflective faculties and removes their control, so that the utterance which then occurs is a spontaneous and sincere response to the actual sensations and perceptions already produced by the external shock. Since this utterance is made under the immediate and uncontrolled domination of the senses, and during the brief period when considerations of self-interest could not have been brought fully to bear by reasoned reflection, the utterance may be taken as particularly trustworthy (or, at least, as lacking the usual grounds of untrustworthiness), and thus as expressing the real tenor of the speaker\u2019s belief as to the facts just observed by him; and may therefore be received as testimony to those facts.\u201d 6 Wigmore, Evidence \u00a7 1747, at 135 (3rd ed. 1940).\nIn order for a statement to qualify as a \u201cspontaneous declaration\u201d or \u201cexcited utterance,\u201d three conditions must be met: (1) the occurrence must be sufficiently startling to produce nervous excitement in the declarant which renders the statement spontaneous and unreflecting; (2) there must be an absence of time between the occurrence and the statement in which the declarant could reflect and fabricate; and (3) the statement must relate to the circumstances of the occurrence. (People v. Parisie (1972), 5 Ill.App.3d 1009, 1027, 287 N.E.2d 310; 6 Wigmore, Evidence \u00a7 1950 ( 3rd ed. 1940); Cleary, Handbook of Illinois Evidence \u00a7 17.30 (2d ed. 1963).) At issue in this case is whether the second of the above conditions, the requirement of spontaneity or the lack of sufficient time to allow an opportunity for reflection and invention, was met.\nThe State urges that we should not be persuaded by the amount of time that elapsed between the occurrence and the statement but by the special circumstances involved herein, such as, the age of the child, the shocking nature of the occurrence, the absence of self-interest, and the fact that the statement was apparently made to the first familiar person encountered by the child after the incident. It relies heavily upon People v. Parisie (1972), 5 Ill.App.3d 1009, 1028, 287 N.E.2d 310, 320, wherein this court stated that spontaneity is a relative term and will vary under each set of circumstances.\nAfter examining all of the circumstances in this case, we are not convinced that the statement in question was spontaneous. The first respect in which the spontaneity requirement was absent concerns the time at which the statement was made. At least 2 hours elapsed between the time the beating allegedly occurred and the time that the child made the statement to Mrs. Haynes. The State\u2019s evidence established that the murder occurred between 10 and 11:30 P.M. on August 29, 1972, and Mrs. Haynes testified that the child\u2019s statement was made at 1 A.M.\nIn People v. Jackson (1956), 9 Ill.2d 484, 489-90, 138 N.E.2d 528, 531, the Supreme Court of Illinois found that statements made 1 hour after the occurrence were inadmissible, particularly where the statements were very prejudicial to the defendant. The court further stated that it had found no case where a statement made after a 1-hour interval of time had been considered spontaneous. Moreover, in Perkins v. Culver (1971), 131 Ill.App.2d 881, 885, 269 N.E.2d 333, 336, a statement made 1% hours after the occurrence was held inadmissible.\nThe State cites People v. Parisie (1972), 5 Ill.App.3d 1009, 287 N.E.2d 310, to support its argument that the substantial time lapse that occurred in this case did not disqualify the statement in question as a spontaneous declaration. In Parisie the declarant was the victim of a shooting who was found lying alongside a road, suffering from three bullet wounds and in a state of shock at the time the statement was made. The time interval between the shooting and the incident was not definitely established but \"may have been more than one hour.\u201d The court held that, under these circumstances, the lapse of time did not render the statement inadmissible. In this case, there was no evidence that the child was in a state of physical or emotional shock when she made the statement in question. Thus, the circumstances in this case are dissimilar from those in Parisie.\nIn addition to the amount of time that elapsed, our review of the surrounding circumstances also supports the view that the element of spontaneity was lacking in this case. There is no evidence in the record to show that the child was in fact in a state of excitement when the statement in question was made. The child was in the custody of several police officers prior to being taken to her mother, and the record is devoid of any indication as to whether the child mentioned the beating to the officers or whether the statement in question was based on something she was told by one of them. Moreover, we believe that the defendant was prejudiced by the admission of the testimony and the prosecutor\u2019s repeated references to the statement during its closing argument.\nIn our opinion, the substantial lapse of time between the occurrence and the statement, as well as the surrounding circumstances, rendered the hearsay statement inadmissible as a spontaneous declaration because the requirement of spontaneity was not met. Therefore, we hold that it was error for the trial court to admit the statement into evidence.\nSecondly, defendant argues that the court erred in failing to exercise its discretion when it responded to a request by the jury to review the testimony presented at trial. This objection is based on the fact that, sometime after the jury retired to deliberate, it sent out two questions to the court: (1) a request that the transcript of the trial be provided to it; and (2) qualified advice as to how long it takes rigor mortis to set in after a person is dead. The court answered in writing, denying both requests. The defendant takes issue with the trial court\u2019s denial of the jury request pertaining to the transcript of the trial proceedings.\nIn, People v. Pierce (1974), 56 Ill.2d 361, 308 N.E.2d 577, the Supreme Court of Illinois adopted the view that it is within the trial court\u2019s discretion to allow or refuse a jury\u2019s request to review testimony and that there must be an abuse of this discretion in order for a reviewing court to set aside its ruling. The court also summarized the different approaches that have been taken with respect to a jury\u2019s request to review testimony as follows:\n\"* * * [T]here are differing views on whether a trial judge upon a jury\u2019s request during its deliberations should permit a review of testimony that was presented during trial. Some have taken the position that where the requested testimony is directly material to the issues in the case the trial court must grant the jury\u2019s request. (E.g., United States v. Jackson (3d Cir.), 257 F.2d 41.) The view taken in the ABA Standards, Trial by Jury, section 5.2 (Approved Draft, 1968), is that the trial court is obliged to have the testimony read to the jury whenever the jury\u2019s request is reasonable, the determination of which, of course, involves an exercise of discretion. A third view is that it is within the discretion of the trial court to allow or refuse the request for the review of testimony. The majority of courts which have considered the question have adopted this view. (50 A.L.R.2d 176.) We consider that the position of the majority is to be preferred. The trial court will have a full knowledge of the case. It will know the charges against the accused, the witnesses and their supporting or defeating testimony and other evidence which may have been presented. It will be in a position to assess the request and judge whether a review of testimony, considering the circumstances, will be helpful or hurtful to the jury\u2019s proper deliberations. This question of review, like so many others which appear in the course of trial, is best entrusted to the trial court\u2019s sound discretion.\u201d 56 Ill.2d 361, 363-64.\nIn People v. Queen (1974), 56 Ill.2d 560, 310 N.E.2d 166, the supreme court found that the trial judge abused his discretion with respect to the jury\u2019s request to review testimony in view of the following facts. During the jury\u2019s deliberations it sent a note to the trial judge requesting, \u201cWould like the defendant\u2019s words on the stand.\u201d The court replied to the jury, \u201cYou must decide on the basis of the testimony heard in the courtroom. I cannot have any testimony of any witnesses read to you * * *.\"\nThe supreme court interpreted this response to the jury as a statement that it did not have discretion to consider the jury\u2019s request for a review of the defendant\u2019s testimony. The court stated:\n\u201cThere is error when a trial court refuses to exercise discretion in the erroneous belief that it has no discretion as to the question presented. (People ex rel. Chesapeake and Ohio Ry. Co. v. Donovan, 30 Ill.2d 178.)\u201d 56 Ill.2d 560, 565.\nSimilarly, the record of the proceedings in the case before us leaves grave doubt in our minds as to whether the trial judge was aware of his discretion to grant the jury\u2019s request to review the testimony. The discretion envisioned by the court in People v. Pierce (1974), 56 Ill.2d 361, 308 N.E.2d 577, as indicated by the rationale for adopting the majority view, would enable the trial court to determine whether a review of the testimony would be helpful or harmful to the jury\u2019s proper deliberations. Here, the trial court failed to ascertain from the jury the specific testimony which it wished to review. If, upon inquiry, the jury in fact wished the entire transcript, the court could have properly refused the request in the exercise of its discretion. However, if the jury responded to the court\u2019s inquiry by indicating the specific testimony which it wished to review, the trial court would have been able to fulfill its duty of determining whether a review of the testimony requested would assist the jury in its proper deliberations.\nThe American Bar Association Minimum Standards, Trial by Jury, section 5.2(b), urged for approval by Justice Schaefer\u2019s dissenting opinion in People v. Pierce (1974), 56 Ill.2d 361, 365-66, 308 N.E.2d 577, 579, provides in pertinent part:\n\u201cWhenever the jury\u2019s request is reasonable, the court, after notice to the prosecutor and counsel for the defense, shall have the requested parts of the testimony read to the jury and shall permit the jury to reexamine the requested materials admitted into evidence.\u201d\nWe believe that the trial court\u2019s failure to make a preliminary determination of which testimony the jurors desired to have supports the view that the trial judge erroneously believed that he had no discretion with respect to the jury\u2019s request for a review of the testimony. Therefore, we hold that the trial court erred in failing to exercise discretion in responding to the jury\u2019s request to review the testimony presented at defendant\u2019s trial.\nFinally, the defendant argues that the court\u2019s giving of a deadlock instruction was reversible error. After receiving its instructions from the court, tire jury retired to begin its deliberations at 11:10 A.M. on February 9, 1973. At 9:20 P.M., the judge called the jury back into open court and asked the foreman if he thought the jury might be able to arrive at a verdict. The foreman responded: \u201cYes, sir, I do.\u201d The judge then gave the following deadlock instruction, over the defendant\u2019s objection:\n\u201cTHE COURT: Thank you. I am going to send you back. I just want to let .you know that in a large proportion of cases absolute certainty cannot be expected. Although the verdict must be the verdict of each individual juror and not a mere acquiescence of conclusions of others, yet you should examine the question submitted with proper regard and deference to the opinions of each other and you should listen to each other\u2019s opinions with the disposition to be convinced.\nIt is your duty to decide the case if you can conscientiously do so. If you should fail to agree on a vedict the case must be retired and a future jury must be selected in the same manner and from the same source as you have been chosen. And there is no reason to believe that the case would ever be submitted to twelve men and women more competent to-decide. Nor can the case be tried any better or more exhaustively than it has been here or that more clear evidence could be produced on behalf of either side.\nNow, you can retire now and reconsider the verdicts in this case. Thank you.\u201d\nSimilar language can-be found in People v. Prim (1972), 53 Ill.2d 62, 71-72, 289 N.E.2d 601, 607.\nWe have reviewed the arguments of both parties with respect to the advisability of this instruction in light of the rule set forth by our supreme court in People v. Prim (1972), 53 Ill.2d 62, 76, 289 N.E.2d 601, 609-10, directing trial courts when confronted with deadlocked juries to comply with the standards suggested by the American Bar Association Minimum Stand\u00e1rds Relating to Jury Trials. However, in this case the foreman- did not indicate that the jury was either deadlocked or had reached, air impasse in its deliberations. Instead, the foreman advised the court in unequivocal terms that he felt it was possible for the jurors to reach a verdict. Nevertheless, the - deadlock instruction was' given by the court.\nWithin the circumstances of this case, we feel that the giving of the deadlock jury instruction was premature. See United States v. Contreras (9th cir. 1972), 463 F.2d 773. Although the jury had deliberated for approximately 10 hours, there was no indication that it was deadlocked. In responding to the trial judge\u2019s inquiry, the foreman did not indicate that the jury was having difficulty arriving at a unanimous verdict.\nIn view of the foregoing, we hold that it was error for the trial court to admit the hearsay statement of the 4-year-old granddaughter of the deceased into evidence, to refuse to exercise discretion in responding to a request by the jury to review trial testimony, and to give a deadlock instruction when the jury was not in fact deadlocked. Therefore, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is reversed and remanded for a new trial.\nReversed and remanded.\nDIERINGER, P. J., and ADESKO, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. JUSTICE JOHNSON" } ], "attorneys": [ "Paul Bradley and Martin Carlson, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Bernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Patrick T. Driscoll, Jr., and Mary Ellen Dienes, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Clifford Jackson, Defendant-Appellant.\n(No. 59870;\nFirst District (4th Division)\nFebruary 13, 1975.\nPaul Bradley and Martin Carlson, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.\nBernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Patrick T. Driscoll, Jr., and Mary Ellen Dienes, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0618-01", "first_page_order": 644, "last_page_order": 657 }