{ "id": 5374962, "name": "ARTHUR JOHNSON, Indiv. and on Behalf of All Persons Similarly Situated, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. AMERICAN AIRLINES, INC., DefendantAppellee; BERNARD BASKIN et al., Indiv. and on Behalf of All Persons Similarly Situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. UNITED AIRLINES, INC., Defendant-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "Johnson v. American Airlines, Inc.", "decision_date": "1994-04-22", "docket_number": "Nos. 1\u201493\u20141156, 1\u201493\u20141214 cons.", "first_page": "622", "last_page": "626", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "261 Ill. App. 3d 622" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "157 Ill. 2d 466", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 778583 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/157/0466-01" ] }, { "cite": "260 N.J. Super. 292", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.J. Super.", "case_ids": [ 316339 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nj-super/260/0292-01" ] }, { "cite": "998 F.2d 539", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 10512707 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "542" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/998/0539-01" ] }, { "cite": "29 U.S.C. \u00a7 1144", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(a)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "504 U.S. 374", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11729384 ], "weight": 12, "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "383" }, { "page": "167" }, { "page": "2037" }, { "page": "384" }, { "page": "167-68" }, { "page": "2037" }, { "page": "390" }, { "page": "172" }, { "page": "2040" }, { "page": "390" }, { "page": "172" }, { "page": "2040" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/504/0374-01" ] }, { "cite": "49 U.S.C. \u00a7 1305", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(a)(1)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 549, "char_count": 10122, "ocr_confidence": 0.806, "pagerank": { "raw": 8.262683731656364e-08, "percentile": 0.4781267170402599 }, "sha256": "cadda98ebc28298ae2529d683c3e1089a9c9a09b1ee876b8d0b7efc9dd6eb231", "simhash": "1:fc6432661d8484b6", "word_count": 1627 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:03:20.371410+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "ARTHUR JOHNSON, Indiv. and on Behalf of All Persons Similarly Situated, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. AMERICAN AIRLINES, INC., DefendantAppellee.\u2014BERNARD BASKIN et al., Indiv. and on Behalf of All Persons Similarly Situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. UNITED AIRLINES, INC., Defendant-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE McNULTY\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff Arthur Johnson appeals from the entry of summary judgment on his class action breach of contract suit against defendant American Airlines, Inc. (American). Plaintiffs Bernard Baskin and Marilyn Baskin appeal the dismissal of their class action breach of contract claim against defendant United Airlines, Inc. (United). These appeals were consolidated.\nPlaintiff Johnson called an American Airlines ticket agent and purchased a reduced fare ticket for $158, comprised of $146.30 for airline transportation and $11.70 for Federal transportation tax. Johnson claims that the American ticket agent told him that the penalty for cancelling the ticket was 25% of the fare. When Johnson cancelled the ticket, he was assessed a penalty of 25% of the total ticket price.\nJohnson brought this class action suit claiming that American breached its oral contract by charging him a penalty of 25% of the total ticket price, rather than only the cost for transportation. Johnson claims he was therefore overcharged $3.14. The trial court granted defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment on the basis that Johnson\u2019s claim relates to rates and services and is thus preempted under section 1305(a)(1) of the Airline Deregulation Act (ADA). (49 U.S.C. app. \u00a7 1305(a)(1) (1988).) This appeal followed.\nThe Baskins purchased two reduced fare tickets on United Airlines for $516 each, which were comprised of $477.76 for air transportation and $38.24 for Federal transportation tax. The tickets were subject to a 25% penalty for cancellation. When the Baskins cancelled their tickets, they were assessed a penalty of 25% of the total ticket price for each ticket. The Baskins brought a class action suit claiming that United breached its contract when it retained $9.56 for each ticket by improperly calculating the 25% penalty on the total fare, rather than solely on the air transportation portion of the fare. The trial court granted defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss, finding that plaintiffs\u2019 claim related to rates and was preempted under section 1305(a)(1) of the ADA. The Baskins appealed and their appeal was consolidated with Johnson\u2019s appeal since both cases involve the issue of whether plaintiffs\u2019 breach of contract actions were preempted by section 1305(a)(1) of the ADA.\nSection 1305(a)(1) of the ADA provides, in pertinent part:\n\"[N]o State or political subdivision thereof *** shall enact or enforce any law, rule, regulation, standard, or other provision having the force and effect of law relating to rates, routes, or services of any air carrier ***.\u201d (49 U.S.C. \u00a7 1305(a)(1) (1988).)\nIn Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc. (1992), 504 U.S. 374, 383, 119 L. Ed. 2d 157, 167, 112 S. Ct. 2031, 2037, quoting Black\u2019s Law Dictionary 1158 (5th ed. 1979), the Supreme Court noted that the ordinary meaning of the words \"relating to\u201d is a broad one, that is, \" 'to stand in some relation; to have bearing or concern; to pertain; refer; to bring into association with or connection with.\u2019 \u201d The Court compared the language in section 1305 to a similarly worded preemption provision in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) (29 U.S.C. \u00a7 1144(a) (1988)), which preempts State laws that \"relate to any employee benefit plan.\u201d The Court adopted the same liberal construction applied in ERISA cases and held that State enforcement actions having a \"connection with or reference to airline 'rates, routes, or services\u2019 are pre-empted under 49 U.S.C. app. \u00a7 1305(a)(1),\u201d Morales, 504 U.S. at 384, 119 L. Ed. 2d at 167-68, 112 S. Ct. at 2037.\nApplying this test, the Morales Court determined that State regulation of allegedly deceptive airline fare advertisements related to rates and was therefore preempted by section 1305(a)(1). Despite this ruling, the Court explained that not all State claims are preempted by section 1305(a)(1) and that State laws against gambling and prostitution as applied to airlines are not preempted. The Court also declined to address whether State regulation of the nonprice aspects of fare advertising, such as State laws preventing obscene depictions, would similarly relate to rates. The Court noted that some State actions may affect airline fares in too tenuous, remote, or peripheral a manner to have preemptive effect. The Morales Court found that the fare guidelines at issue there did not present a borderline question, and therefore expressed no opinion as to \"where it would be appropriate to draw the line\u201d regarding the types of actions that would be preempted by section 1305(a)(1). (Morales, 504 U.S. at 390, 119 L. Ed. 2d at 172, 112 S. Ct. at 2040.) Lastly, the court stated that its decision did not \"give the airlines carte blanche to lie and deceive consumers; the [Department of Transportation] retains the power to prohibit advertisements which in its opinion do not further competitive pricing.\u201d Morales, 504 U.S. at 390, 119 L. Ed. 2d at 172, 112 S. Ct. at 2040; see 49 U.S.C. app. \u00a7 1381 (1988).\nThe facts in the instant case present an even more compelling basis for preemption than did the facts addressed by the Court in Morales. In Morales the preempted State law claims concerned, among other things, advertising of limitations on refunds. Here, the State law claims attack not merely the advertising on limitations on refunds, but the limitations themselves.\nIn Statland v. American Airlines (7th Cir. 1993), 998 F.2d 539, the Seventh Circuit decided a case with facts virtually identical to those presented here. The plaintiff in Statland bought an airline ticket carrying a 10% cancellation penalty. When plaintiff canceled the ticket, American Airlines kept 10% of the Federal tax plaintiff had paid, in addition to 10% of the ticket price. Plaintiff filed a class action suit which contained State law claims alleging breach of fiduciary duty, violation of the Consumer Fraud Act, conversion and breach of contract, based on the airline\u2019s retention of 10% of the Federal tax. The court found it \"obvious that cancelled ticket refunds relate to rates\u201d and that under Morales and section 1305(a), plaintiffs claims were preempted since States cannot regulate American\u2019s refund practices either by common law or by statute.\nSimilarly, in Vail v. Pan Am Corp. (1992), 260 N.J. Super. 292, 616 A.2d 523, plaintiffs brought an action alleging fraud or consumer fraud, and breach of contract, claiming that the airlines falsely advertised that they were initiating an enhanced security program, then charged $5 per ticket to defray the costs of the program when in fact the airline did not provide such a program. The court noted that if plaintiff\u2019s State claims were allowed, this would result in multiple and potentially conflicting standards controlling airline advertising, services and rates. The court therefore determined that under the broad interpretation given to section 1305 by Morales, plaintiff\u2019s claims challenged rates and services and were preempted.\nBased on the Morales Court\u2019s broad interpretation of the term \"rates,\u201d and the manner in which Statland and Vail have interpreted Morales, we are thoroughly convinced that plaintiffs\u2019 claims relate to rates. Although plaintiffs claim that if we find preemption here, then all State claims will be preempted, a similar argument was made and rejected in Morales. The plaintiffs\u2019 claims do not require us to address a borderline preemption question. Rather, the State law claims here clearly relate to the rates charged by airlines for reduced fare tickets. Furthermore, to allow plaintiffs to bring these State law claims would create exactly the type of rate inconsistency among States which Congress intended to prohibit by enacting the Federal preemption language of section 1305(a)(1).\nRecently, in Wolens v. American Airlines, Inc. (1993), 157 Ill. 2d 466, the Illinois Supreme Court considered whether plaintiffs\u2019 suit alleging breach of contract and violation of the Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 121\u00bd, par. 261 et seq.), based on American\u2019s retroactive modification of its frequent flyer program, was preempted by section 1305(a)(1). The court in Wolens found that plaintiffs\u2019 suit did not relate to rates, routes, or services of an airline since a frequent flyer program is not an essential element to the operation of the airline.\nOn April 4, 1994, the United States Supreme Court granted certiorari of Wolens. (Wolens v. American Airlines Inc. (U.S. April 4, 1994), No. 93\u20141286.) Regardless of whether the Supreme Court finds that Wolens has been correctly decided, that decision would have no effect on the instant case, since the issue here is more closely connected to rates.\nLastly, we note that our decision does not leave plaintiffs without a remedy. If plaintiffs wish to pursue their claims, they may file a claim with the Department of Transportation, which has been specifically designated by Congress to administer and enforce consumer protection law. 49 U.S.C. app. \u00a7 1381 (1988); see Statland v. American Airlines, Inc., 998 F.2d at 542.\nAccordingly, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nMURRAY, P.J., and COUSINS, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE McNULTY" } ], "attorneys": [ "Jerome E. Boyle, of Alvin W. Block & Associates, of Chicago, for appellant Arthur Johnson.", "Edward A. Cohen and Jerome E. Boyle, both of Alvin W. Block & Associates, of Chicago, for appellants Bernard Baskin and Marilyn Baskin.", "Russel M. Pelton and David C. Bohrer, both of Oppenheimer, Wolff & Donnelly, of Chicago, for appellee American Airlines, Inc.", "Douglas C. Tibbie and Christine M. Drylie, both of McDermott, Will & Emery, of Chicago, for appellee United Airlines, Inc." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "ARTHUR JOHNSON, Indiv. and on Behalf of All Persons Similarly Situated, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. AMERICAN AIRLINES, INC., DefendantAppellee.\u2014BERNARD BASKIN et al., Indiv. and on Behalf of All Persons Similarly Situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. UNITED AIRLINES, INC., Defendant-Appellee.\nFirst District (5th Division)\nNos. 1\u201493\u20141156, 1\u201493\u20141214 cons.\nOpinion filed April 22, 1994.\nRehearing denied May 26, 1994.\nJerome E. Boyle, of Alvin W. Block & Associates, of Chicago, for appellant Arthur Johnson.\nEdward A. Cohen and Jerome E. Boyle, both of Alvin W. Block & Associates, of Chicago, for appellants Bernard Baskin and Marilyn Baskin.\nRussel M. Pelton and David C. Bohrer, both of Oppenheimer, Wolff & Donnelly, of Chicago, for appellee American Airlines, Inc.\nDouglas C. Tibbie and Christine M. Drylie, both of McDermott, Will & Emery, of Chicago, for appellee United Airlines, Inc." }, "file_name": "0622-01", "first_page_order": 640, "last_page_order": 644 }