{ "id": 2870287, "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Matthew Duhr, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Duhr", "decision_date": "1975-04-09", "docket_number": "No. 74-113", "first_page": "651", "last_page": "655", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "27 Ill. App. 3d 651" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "26 Ill.App.3d 152", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2784357 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/26/0152-01" ] }, { "cite": "59 Ill.2d 255", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2959171 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/59/0255-01" ] }, { "cite": "122 N.E.2d 513", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "4 Ill.2d 342", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2702383 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/4/0342-01" ] }, { "cite": "137 N.E.2d 389", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "9 Ill.2d 175", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5320387 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/9/0175-01" ] }, { "cite": "254 N.E.2d 484", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "44 Ill.2d 70", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2889682 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/44/0070-01" ] }, { "cite": "26 Ill.App.3d 167", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2781496 ], "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/26/0167-01" ] }, { "cite": "315 N.E.2d 84", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "21 Ill.App.3d 182", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5379824 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/21/0182-01" ] }, { "cite": "304 N.E.2d 688", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "15 Ill.App.3d 680", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2461029 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/15/0680-01" ] }, { "cite": "211 N.E.2d 281", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "33 Ill.2d 278", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2886243 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/33/0278-01" ] }, { "cite": "400 Ill. 22", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "50 Ill.2d 28", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2911346 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/50/0028-01" ] }, { "cite": "395 U.S. 238", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1771759 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/395/0238-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 458, "char_count": 8163, "ocr_confidence": 0.756, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.08524551045253989 }, "sha256": "b031702081a4570c6462d3fed374fc10fce747c8161e6c3bf04185386128f8df", "simhash": "1:ab0328fc3d878d12", "word_count": 1353 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:22:05.356803+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Matthew Duhr, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE JONES\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant appeals his conviction of rape on a negotiated plea of guilty. As grounds for reversal of his conviction defendant asserts that he was legally an adjudicated incompetent at the time of his guilty plea and hence it is void, and that the trial court\u2019s failure to comply with Supreme Court Rule 402(b) (Ill. Rev. Stat., ch. 110A, par. 402(b)), was\u2019 reversible error.\nDefendant was indicted on November 28, 1969. On May 18, 1970, he was adjudicated incompetent to stand trial. On February 22, 1972, another, competency hearing was held.: Defendant was present with his attorney, the public defender, who waived jury trial following which defendant was found competent to stand trial. On November 9, 1973, defendant appeared with his retained counsel for further proceedings. Defendant\u2019s attorney moved to withdraw a motion for psychiatric examination, which had been filed subsequent to the February 22, 1972, hearing, and for an immediate hearing to determine defendant\u2019s competency. Defendant was personally present and affirmed the withdrawal of the motion for psychiatric hearing. The court proceeded with the competency hearing without a jury, no demand for trial by jury having been made by defendant or his attorney. Defendant was found to be competent, and the negotiated plea of guilty followed.\nDefendant\u2019s initial contention is that once having been found incompetent to stand trial, he was legally incapable of entering a valid plea of guilty until he had been found to be competent after a trial by jury and, further, that having been previously declared incompetent he was legally incapable of waiving trial by jury in any restoration hearing or consenting to such waiver by his attorney.\nIn People ex rel. Suddeth v. Rednour, 33 Ill.2d 278, 211 N.E.2d 281, it was held that it was the intent of the legislature to extend the right to a jury trial to a restoration hearing conducted pursuant to section 104 \u2014 3(c) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat., ch. 38, par. 104 \u2014 3(c)) (amended in 1967 to become par. 104 \u2014 3(b)). In People v. Johnson, 15 Ill.App.3d 680, 304 N.E.2d 688, and People v. Polito, 21 Ill.App.3d 182, 315 N.E.2d 84, it was held that a defendant, previously adjudicated incompetent, could not waive the right to a jury trial in a restoration hearing nor consent to such waiver by his attorney. Johnson and Polito were also concerned with restoration procedures established by the same section 104 \u2014 3(b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure that governed Rednour.\nSection 104 \u2014 3(b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure was repealed by section 8 \u2014 5\u20141 of the Unified Code of Corrections (Ill. Rev. Stat., ch, 38, par. 1008 \u2014 5\u20141), effective January 1, 1973. It was replaced by section 5 \u2014 2\u20142 of the Unified Code of Corrections which made provisions for restoration hearings, but omitted any reference to the right of jury trial. The Council Commentary to that section indicated that no jury trial was intended in restoration proceedings. See the Council Commentary, where it is stated: \u201cSubsequent re-examination hearings were intended to be heard by the court without a jury even if the original determination of unfitness was made by a jury.\u201d Ill. Ann. Stat. ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 2\u20142 (Smith-Hurd 1973).\nAt the time defendant was adjudicated incompetent to stand trial the former statute, interpreted to require trial by jury, was in effect. Likewise, on February 22, 1972, when the competency hearing was held with a waiver of trial by jury by defendant\u2019s attorney and a finding of restoration by the court, the defendant was entitled to a jury in the restoration hearing, and, according to the Johnson and Polito cases, he was legally incapable of waiving a jury trial or agreeing to its waiver in his behalf. However, when defendant appeared on November 9, 1973, for another competency hearing and withdrew his motion for a psychiatric examination, the governing provision of the Unified Code of Corrections was effective and such hearing was to be conducted by the court sitting without a jury unless defendant or his attorney made a demand for a trial by jury. People v. Shanklin, 26 Ill.App.3d 167; Council Commentary, Ill. Ann. Stat. ch. 38, par. 1005 \u2014 2\u20142 (Smith-Hurd 1973).\nDefendant adds to his argument the contention that the change in the right to jury trial in a restoration hearing wrought by the Unified Code of Corrections was ineffective as to him because his right to a jury trial in a restoration proceeding was preserved by the saving clause of the Unified Code of Corrections (Ill. Rev. Stat., ch. 38, par. 1008 \u2014 2\u20141), which provided in part:\n\u201cThe repeal of Acts or parts of Acts enumerated in Section 8 \u2014 5\u20141 does not: (1) affect any * * * rights, powers or remedies accrued under any law in effect immediately prior to the effective date of this Code * *\n\u00d1o argument is made, nor could it be, that the right of a jury trial in a restoration hearing is constitutionally protected. (People v. Shadowens, 44 Ill.2d 70, 254 N.E.2d 484; People v. Shanklin.) Hie method of determining competency to stand trial relates to procedure only and therefore is' a matter within the control of the legislature, to alter or amend as they may deem proper. Defendant cannot acquire a vested right in a procedure established for seeking a remedy. (Cf. People v. Bilderback, 9 Ill.2d 175, 137 N.E.2d 389; Orlicki v. McCarthy, 4 Ill.2d 342, 122 N.E.2d 513. ) No restoration proceeding had commenced or was pending at the time of the statutory change. The proceeding was instituted after amendment of the statute to make a trial by jury a matter of affirmative election rather than mandatory. No demand for jury trial was made. In the absence of a demand it was proper for the court to proceed without a jury.\nDefendant\u2019s final point is that the conviction must be reversed because the trial court failed to comply with Supreme Court Rule 402(b) in not questioning defendant in open court to determine that no force, threats or promises were made to elicit defendant\u2019s guilty plea.\nThe record shows complete and thorough admonitions to defendant regarding his rights to and surrounding trial, save for the express compliance with Supreme Court Rule 402(b). Defendant was represented by retained counsel throughout the plea proceedings and consulted with him on several occasions. No suggestion is made that any force, threats or promises, apart from those embodied in the plea agreement, were utilized in obtaining defendant\u2019s plea. No suggestion is made that def\u00e9ndant received any penalty other than as agreed. Accordingly, this case is governed by the Supreme Court case of People v. Ellis, 59 Ill.2d 255, and People v. Van Gilder, 26 Ill.App.3d 152.\nAffirmed.\nEBERSPACHER, J., concurs.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE JONES" }, { "text": "Mr. JUSTICE GEORGE MORAN,\ndissenting:\nThe record in this case is silent as to whether or not defendant\u2019s plea of guilty was voluntary. Therefore, the majority holding is squarely contrary to the holding of the Unified States Supreme Court in Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 23 L.Ed.2d 274, 89 S.Ct. 1709. In People v. Reeves, 50 Ill.2d 28, our supreme court said, at pages 29-30:\n\u201cThe constitutional requirement, both pre and post Boykin, is that a plea of guilty be \u2018intelligent and voluntary,\u2019 Boykin adds the requirement that if the guilty plea is to withstand appellate or post-conviction review \u2018the record must affirmatively disclose that the defendant who pleads guilty enters his plea understanding!)/ and voluntarily.\u2019 [Citation.] This requirement has been in effect in Illinois since 1948. See former Rule No. 27A, 400 Ill. 22.\u201d\nSo long as the Boykin opinion stands, the majority opinion is wrong..-1 therefore dissent.", "type": "dissent", "author": "Mr. JUSTICE GEORGE MORAN," } ], "attorneys": [ "Paul Bradley and Allen L. Wiederer, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Robert H. Rice, State\u2019s Attorney, of Belleville (Robert L. Craig, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Matthew Duhr, Defendant-Appellant.\n(No. 74-113;\nFifth District\nApril 9, 1975.\nRehearing denied April 30, 1975.\nG. MORAN, J., dissenting.\nPaul Bradley and Allen L. Wiederer, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.\nRobert H. Rice, State\u2019s Attorney, of Belleville (Robert L. Craig, Assistant State\u2019s Attorney, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0651-02", "first_page_order": 677, "last_page_order": 681 }