{ "id": 1295534, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MATT MARTINEZ, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Martinez", "decision_date": "1996-12-20", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201495\u20144269", "first_page": "881", "last_page": "886", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "285 Ill. App. 3d 881" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "196 Ill. App. 3d 370", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2488426 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "371-72" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/196/0370-01" ] }, { "cite": "80 Ill. App. 3d 628", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3234394 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "632" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/80/0628-01" ] }, { "cite": "181 Ill. App. 3d 845", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 8499341 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "handgun in a zippered athletic bag in the back seat of a car was accessible to the driver" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/181/0845-01" ] }, { "cite": "71 Ill. 2d 95", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5449753 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "105" }, { "page": "102", "parenthetical": "\"[s]o long as the weapon in question is in such proximity to the accused as to lie within easy reach so that the weapon is readily available for use, it is 'immediately accessible' \"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/71/0095-01" ] }, { "cite": "128 Ill. 2d 448", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3229022 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "455", "parenthetical": "court's function in construing statute is to ascertain and effectuate the intent of the legislature" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/128/0448-01" ] }, { "cite": "123 Ill. App. 2d 115", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 1580138 ], "year": 1970, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "122", "parenthetical": "inoperable \"zip gun\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/123/0115-01" ] }, { "cite": "131 Ill. App. 2d 1070", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2911190, 2910630 ], "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1072-73", "parenthetical": "witnesses unable to testify whether gun was real or toy" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/131/1070-01", "/ill-app-2d/131/1070-02" ] }, { "cite": "33 Ill. App. 3d 523", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2870743 ], "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "530", "parenthetical": "unloaded, broken firing pin" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/33/0523-01" ] }, { "cite": "2 Ill. App. 3d 289", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2755614 ], "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "292", "parenthetical": "unloaded, encased shotgun" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/2/0289-01" ] }, { "cite": "96 Ill. App. 3d 891", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 12143630 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "903", "parenthetical": "rusty, unloaded and difficult-to-pump shotgun" }, { "page": "902-03", "parenthetical": "testimony that the shotgun was unloaded, rusty and difficult to pump did not render the weapon broken down in a nonfunctioning state" }, { "page": "902" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/96/0891-01" ] }, { "cite": "167 Ill. App. 3d 694", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3473944 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "708", "parenthetical": "unloaded shotgun" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/167/0694-01" ] }, { "cite": "266 Ill. App. 3d 752", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 887231 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "755", "parenthetical": "unloaded handgun" }, { "page": "756" }, { "page": "756" }, { "page": "757" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/266/0752-01" ] }, { "cite": "128 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3228708 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "49" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/128/0001-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 594, "char_count": 10129, "ocr_confidence": 0.767, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.199867349424459e-07, "percentile": 0.5933650958028828 }, "sha256": "7267ee3b7e6f271548048857c0919705e06951893ad7b553e4add12e041dd19d", "simhash": "1:b3bc5dbc32e15aed", "word_count": 1713 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:02:27.033630+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MATT MARTINEZ, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE GREIMAN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nMatt Martinez (defendant) was convicted of unlawful use of a weapon in a bench trial held on August 31, 1995. Defendant appeals his conviction, arguing that his possession of an inoperable stun gun or taser was not culpable conduct under section 24 \u2014 1(a)(4) of the Criminal Code of 1961. 720 ILCS 5/24 \u2014 1(a)(4) (West 1994). For the reasons that follow, we affirm.\nOn January 12, 1995, defendant, a 28-year-old cab driver, walked through a metal detector stationed inside Chicago police headquarters at 1121 South State Street while carrying a stun gun in his fanny pack. Deputy sheriff Daniel Vittrio was operating the metal detector and observed defendant trigger the machine\u2019s alarm. Vittrio detained defendant and searched his fanny pack, recovering what \"he believed to be a stun gun.\u201d Vittrio summoned the police, who placed defendant under arrest.\nWhen identifying the stun gun in court, Vittrio testified that it was in the same condition as when he recovered it on January 12, 1995. Vittrio confirmed that there was a crack on the casing near the antennae, but he did not know if this rendered the gun inoperable. Defense counsel tested the gun against his own hand, and Vittrio acknowledged that the gun did not \"shock\u201d defense counsel.\nDefendant testified that he purchased the stun gun for protection in August of 1994. Defendant accidentally dropped the stun gun in November of 1994, causing a screw to fall out, which rendered the gun incapable of producing electric current. Also, one antenna was \"different\u201d from the other. Defendant continued to carry the stun gun because he believed \"the sight of it alone might deter someone from attacking him.\u201d\nAt the close of trial, the court found defendant guilty of unlawful use of a weapon and sentenced him to one year\u2019s probation with the provision that he perform 10 hours of community service. Defendant appeals from this finding and sentence.\nThe relevant inquiry on appeal is whether, upon viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. People v. Young, 128 Ill. 2d 1, 49 (1989).\n\"A person commits the offense of unlawful use of weapons [UUW] when he knowingly *** [c]arries or possesses in any vehicle or concealed on or about his person except when on his land or in his own abode or fixed place of business any pistol, revolver, stun gun or taser or other firearm ***.\u201d 720 ILCS 5/24 \u2014 1(a)(4) (West 1992). By statutory definition, a \"stun gun or taser\u201d means:\n\"(i) any device which is powered by electrical charging units, such as, batteries, and which fires one or several barbs attached to a length of wire and which, upon hitting a human, can send out a current capable of disrupting the person\u2019s nervous system in such a manner as to render him incapable of normal functioning or (ii) any device which is powered by electrical charging units, such as batteries, and which, upon contact with a human or clothing worn by a human, can send out current capable of disrupting the person\u2019s nervous system in such a manner as to render him incapable of normal functioning.\u201d 720 ILCS 5/24 \u2014 1(a)(10) (West 1992).\nDefendant maintains that because his stun gun was inoperable at the time of his arrest, it does not meet the definition of \"stun gun\u201d found in section 24 \u2014 l(a)(10). Therefore, he argues, the State failed to prove him guilty of UUW beyond a reasonable doubt. This argument is premised on defendant\u2019s interpretation of the language \"can send out a current capable of disrupting the person\u2019s nervous system in such a manner as to render him incapable of normal functioning.\u201d (Emphasis added.) 720 ILCS 24 \u2014 1(a)(10) (West 1992). Since a broken stun gun is not capable of emitting such a charge, it does not, defendant argues, qualify as a prohibited weapon under section 24 \u2014 1(a)(4).\nDefendant\u2019s argument, though provocative, is misplaced. Contrary to defendant\u2019s interpretation, we find the words \"can send\u201d to be descriptive of a stun gun and its function rather than requiring a present ability to send an incapacitating charge. A stun gun, like any other tool or device, is not changed in character merely because of its present inability to perform. This finding is amply supported by precedent dealing with firearms. See People v. Williams, 266 Ill. App. 3d 752, 755 (1994) (unloaded handgun); People v. Trask, 167 Ill. App. 3d 694, 708 (1988) (unloaded shotgun); People v. Delk, 96 Ill. App. 3d 891, 903 (1981) (rusty, unloaded and difficult-to-pump shotgun); People v. Strompolis, 2 Ill. App. 3d 289, 292 (1971) (unloaded, encased shotgun); People v. White, 33 Ill. App. 3d 523, 530 (1975) (unloaded, broken firing pin); People v. Halley, 131 Ill. App. 2d 1070, 1072-73 (1971) (witnesses unable to testify whether gun was real or toy); People v. Hughes, 123 Ill. App. 2d 115, 122 (1970) (inoperable \"zip gun\u201d).\nThe statute does not require that a stun gun be operational in order to serve as the basis of a UUW charge under section 24 \u2014 1(a)(4), and we decline to impose such a requirement. See People v. Bryant, 128 Ill. 2d 448, 455 (1989) (court\u2019s function in construing statute is to ascertain and effectuate the intent of the legislature). Accordingly, we affirm the trial court\u2019s finding that defendant\u2019s device met the statutory definition of a stun gun.\nAlternatively, defendant argues that a stun gun made inoperable because of a missing piece falls within the statutory exemption for \"broken down\u201d or \"not immediately accessible\u201d weapons. Exemptions from criminal liability for the offense of UUW exist for \"weapons that are broken down in a non-functioning state or are not immediately accessible.\u201d 720 ILCS 5/24 \u2014 2(b)(4) (West 1992). The defendant bears the burden of proving his entitlement to the exemption by a preponderance of the evidence. 720 ILCS 5/24 \u2014 2(h) (West 1992); People v. Smith, 71 Ill. 2d 95, 105 (1978).\nFor purposes of the statutory exemptions, accessibility refers to the proximity of the weapon to the defendant and the capability of the defendant to reach the weapon. Williams, 266 Ill. App. 3d at 756; Smith, 71 Ill. 2d at 102 (\"[s]o long as the weapon in question is in such proximity to the accused as to lie within easy reach so that the weapon is readily available for use, it is 'immediately accessible\u2019 \u201d); see also People v. Bolling, 181 Ill. App. 3d 845 (1989) (handgun in a zippered athletic bag in the back seat of a car was accessible to the driver). In the present case, the stun gun\u2019s location in defendant\u2019s fanny pack, worn around his waist, was clearly and immediately accessible.\nAlternatively, defendant argues that his stun gun, which was missing a screw, had a crack in its casing and was unable to emit an electric current, was \"broken down in a non-functioning state.\u201d 720 ILCS 5/24 \u2014 2(b)(4) (West 1992). This exemption requires that the gun must be not only nonfunctioning but also broken down, meaning disassembled. Williams, 266 Ill. App. 3d at 756; Delk, 96 Ill. App. 3d at 902-03 (testimony that the shotgun was unloaded, rusty and difficult to pump did not render the weapon broken down in a nonfunctioning state) (and cases cited therein). Even if the weapon was inoperable at the time of defendant\u2019s arrest, that alone would not prove the statutory exemption. Williams, 266 Ill. App. 3d at 757; Delk, 96 Ill. App. 3d at 902.\nIn People v. Worlds, 80 Ill. App. 3d 628, 632 (1980), the court found that the \"so-called gun,\u201d which was rusty, missing a handle and unable to be cocked, was in such a decrepit state that it could not properly be classified as a gun or deadly weapon. In the present c\u00e1se, defendant\u2019s stun gun had a crack in the casing, a missing screw and one \"different\u201d antenna. The trial court had the opportunity to examine the gun at trial (no photograph of the weapon is in the record before this court) and concluded that it was not \"broken down\u201d for purposes of the exemption. We will defer to the trial court\u2019s finding.\nIn People v. Freeman, 196 Ill. App. 3d 370, 371-72 (1990), the court found that defendant\u2019s act of removing the gun\u2019s cylinder prior to transporting it was sufficient to fall within the \"broken down in a nonfunctioning state\u201d exemption. Here, defendant dropped the stun gun in November and testified that it did not work thereafter. This was not an affirmative act to make the weapon safe for purposes of transport but, rather, an accident that seemingly rendered the gun inoperable. For all practical purposes, the stun gun was intact and gave the impression, as testified to by deputy sheriff Vittrio, that it was a functional device. That a screw may have come off when defendant dropped the gun is not analogous to the consciously disassembled weapon in Freeman. As the State observes, the exemption applies to weapons that are \"broken down,\u201d not simply broken.\nLastly, defendant contends that stun guns or tasers \"have a unique definition which set[s] them wholly apart from firearms.\u201d Consequently, defense counsel urges this court to avoid analogy to firearm precedent in this area. We reject this contention, and advice, because the legislature has expressly included firearms and stun guns within the category of \"unlawful weapons.\u201d The fact that \"stun gun\u201d has its own definition is due to the somewhat technical and uncommon nature of the device, and not the result of the legislature\u2019s intention that such devices receive treatment separate and apart from other unlawful weapons.\nFor the reasons set forth above, we affirm the trial court\u2019s verdict and judgment.\nAffirmed.\nCERDA and GALLAGHER, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE GREIMAN" } ], "attorneys": [ "John J. Coffey and Kevin J. Moore, both of Rothschild, Barry & Myers, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Richard A. Devine, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee Goldfarb, Michelle Katz, and Hareena Meghani-Wakely, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MATT MARTINEZ, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (6th Division)\nNo. 1\u201495\u20144269\nOpinion filed December 20, 1996.\nJohn J. Coffey and Kevin J. Moore, both of Rothschild, Barry & Myers, of Chicago, for appellant.\nRichard A. Devine, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee Goldfarb, Michelle Katz, and Hareena Meghani-Wakely, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0881-01", "first_page_order": 901, "last_page_order": 906 }