{ "id": 45712, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RENE A. TOMLINSON, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Tomlinson", "decision_date": "1998-02-04", "docket_number": "No. 4\u201497\u20140197", "first_page": "193", "last_page": "199", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "295 Ill. App. 3d 193" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "373 N.E.2d 1332", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1335" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "71 Ill. 2d 13", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5448551 ], "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "21" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/71/0013-01" ] }, { "cite": "606 N.E.2d 786", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "791" }, { "page": "791" }, { "page": "791" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "239 Ill. App. 3d 325", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5147256 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "332" }, { "page": "332" }, { "page": "332" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/239/0325-01" ] }, { "cite": "521 N.E.2d 884", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "886" }, { "page": "886" }, { "page": "886" }, { "page": "886" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "122 Ill. 2d 50", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5549752 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "54" }, { "page": "54" }, { "page": "54" }, { "page": "55" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/122/0050-01" ] }, { "cite": "514 N.E.2d 965", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "969" }, { "page": "969" }, { "page": "969" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "118 Ill. 2d 153", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3188399 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "160" }, { "page": "160" }, { "page": "160" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/118/0153-01" ] }, { "cite": "676 N.E.2d 637", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "640" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "175 Ill. 2d 166", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 295827 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "171" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/175/0166-01" ] }, { "cite": "677 N.E.2d 935", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "939" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "175 Ill. 2d 435", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 295830 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "443" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/175/0435-01" ] }, { "cite": "578 N.E.2d 583", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "586" }, { "page": "586" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "218 Ill. App. 3d 492", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 8498994 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "497" }, { "page": "497" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/218/0492-01" ] }, { "cite": "561 N.E.2d 648", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "650" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "138 Ill. 2d 162", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5576624 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "166" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/138/0162-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 557, "char_count": 11938, "ocr_confidence": 0.766, "pagerank": { "raw": 8.685371297493976e-08, "percentile": 0.49241828384589215 }, "sha256": "552ccded205085e160592e9c20c2c5f55085dbf5e13296c61bb9c91082ac6727", "simhash": "1:10989190bc76d9d0", "word_count": 1952 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:51:11.490834+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RENE A. TOMLINSON, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE COOK\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant Rene Tomlinson was arrested on February 8, 1997, for driving under the influence of alcohol. 625 ILCS 5/11 \u2014 501(a)(2) (West 1996). After her arrest, she was asked to take a breath test to determine her blood-alcohol level. She refused to take the test and her driving privileges were summarily suspended pursuant to section 11 \u2014 501.1 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Code). 625 ILCS 5/11 \u2014 501.1 (West 1996).\nDefendant filed a petition to rescind the statutory summary suspension, and a hearing was held on March 21, 1997. Defendant argued the suspension of her license must be rescinded because the Gibson City police department (Department) did not comply with section 11 \u2014 505.1(a) of the Code, which provides that law enforcement agencies \u201cshall designate\u201d which of the three chemical tests (blood, urine, or breath) shall be administered. 625 ILCS 5/11 \u2014 501.1(a) (West 1996). The arresting officer testified he was not aware of any departmental policies or procedures that designated which of the chemical tests he was authorized to use or the manner in which he should determine which test to use. The trial court denied defendant\u2019s petition. The court noted that according to section 2 \u2014 118.1(b) of the Code, a law enforcement agency\u2019s failure to designate chemical tests could not be raised at a rescission hearing. 625 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 118.1(b) (West 1996).\nDefendant appeals, arguing the trial court should have rescinded her suspended license because the implied consent statute mandates that the Department designate which chemical tests will be administered before the defendant\u2019s license can be suspended. She argues the use of the language \u201cshall designate\u201d in the statute evidences the legislature\u2019s intent that the obligation to designate is mandatory, and the trial court should have considered this issue at the rescission hearing. 625 ILCS 5/11 \u2014 501.1(a) (West 1996).\nThe Illinois implied consent statute provides:\n\u201cAny person who drives or is in actual physical control of a motor vehicle upon the public highways of this State shall be deemed to have given consent, subject to the provisions of Section 11\u2014 501.2, to a chemical test or tests of blood, breath, or urine for the purpose of determining the content of alcohol, other drug, or combination of both in the person\u2019s blood if arrested ***. The test or tests shall be administered at the direction of the arresting officer. The law enforcement agency employing the officer shall desig- note which of the aforesaid tests shall be administered.\u201d (Emphasis added.) 625 ILCS 5/11 \u2014 501.1(a) (West 1996).\nA driver\u2019s refusal to submit to chemical testing results in the automatic suspension of driving privileges. 625 ILCS 5/11 \u2014 501.1 (West 1996). The summary suspension system serves the salutary purpose of promptly removing impaired drivers from the road. People v. Moore, 138 Ill. 2d 162, 166, 561 N.E.2d 648, 650 (1990). Defendant may obtain a hearing on the summary suspension if a written request is provided within 90 days stating the grounds upon which defendant seeks to have the suspension rescinded. 625 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 118.1 (West 1996). A summary suspension hearing is intended by the legislature to be swift and of limited scope. People v. Gafford, 218 Ill. App. 3d 492, 497, 578 N.E.2d 583, 586 (1991). The scope of the hearing is limited to four issues:\n\u201c1. Whether the person was placed under arrest ***; and\n2. Whether the officer had reasonable grounds to believe that the person was driving *** a motor vehicle upon a highway while under the influence of alcohol, other drug, or combination of both; and\n3. Whether the person, after being advised by the officer that the privilege to operate a motor vehicle would be suspended if the person refused to submit to and complete the test or tests, did refuse to submit to or complete the test or tests ***; or\n4. Whether the person *** did submit to and complete the test or tests that determined an alcohol concentration of 0.10 or more.\u201d 625 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 118.1(b) (West 1996).\nThe driver has the burden of proving the suspension should be rescinded, and the trial court\u2019s decision will not be reversed unless it is against the manifest weight of the evidence. Gafford, 218 Ill. App. 3d at 497, 578 N.E.2d at 586.\nThe legislature limited the scope of a rescission hearing to four specific issues, none of which involve an agency\u2019s failure to designate chemical tests. 625 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 118.1(b) (West 1996). The primary rule of statutory construction is to ascertain and give effect to the intention of the legislature, and that inquiry appropriately begins with the language of the statute. People v. Woodard, 175 Ill. 2d 435, 443, 677 N.E.2d 935, 939 (1997). In determining legislative intent, courts must give statutory language its plain and ordinary meaning. Lucas v. Lakin, 175 Ill. 2d 166, 171, 676 N.E.2d 637, 640 (1997). A plain and ordinary reading of section 2 \u2014 118.1(b) indicates defendant may not raise the issue of the Department\u2019s failure to meet the designation requirement.\nHowever, the Supreme Court of Illinois has not followed sectian 2 \u2014 118.1(b) literally. See People v. Hamilton, 118 Ill. 2d 153, 160, 514 N.E.2d 965, 969 (1987); People v. Badoud, 122 Ill. 2d 50, 54, 521 N.E.2d 884, 886 (1988). In Hamilton (118 Ill. 2d at 160, 514 N.E.2d at 969), the Supreme Court of Illinois held it was appropriate for a defendant to challenge the validity of the chemical test even though that issue was not enumerated in section 2 \u2014 118.1(b). The court reasoned that the implied consent statute specifically conditioned summary suspension on whether the law enforcement agency complied with certain chemical testing procedures. 625 ILCS 5/11\u2014 501.1(a) (West 1996). Therefore, it inescapably followed that a licensee should be permitted to contest the validity of the test results at a rescission of summary suspension hearing. Hamilton, 118 Ill. 2d at 160, 514 N.E.2d at 969.\nIn Badoud (122 Ill. 2d at 54, 521 N.E.2d at 886), the court held a defendant could raise deficiencies in a police officer\u2019s sworn report, even though such issue was not enumerated in section 2 \u2014 118.1(b). The court relied upon another portion of the statute that provided the hearing \u201cmay be conducted upon a review of the law enforcement officer\u2019s own official reports.\u201d 625 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 118.1(b) (West 1996). The court stated: \u201cIt would seem incongruous to permit conducting a hearing based on a report and yet not permit examination of whether the report was properly sworn.\u201d Badoud, 122 Ill. 2d at 54, 521 N.E.2d at 886.\nWe conclude the permissible scope of a summary suspension hearing is not strictly limited to the issues enumerated in section 2 \u2014 118.1(b). Defendant may raise another issue if it concerns a mandatory provision that the summary suspension is predicated upon. In accordance with Hamilton and Badoud, the legislature did not intend to exclude from consideration such issues. Therefore, whether defendant may raise the issue of the Department\u2019s failure to designate chemical tests depends on whether the designation provision is deemed \u201cmandatory.\u201d\nThe implied consent statute provides that the law enforcement agency \u201cshall\u201d designate which chemical tests it will use. Use of the word \u201cshall\u201d is generally regarded as mandatory; however, it does not have a fixed or inflexible meaning and may be regarded as merely directory. Stull v. Department of Children & Family Services, 239 Ill. App. 3d 325, 332, 606 N.E.2d 786, 791 (1992). The provision should be given a mandatory meaning if the conduct was prescribed to safeguard someone\u2019s rights, which might be injuriously affected by a failure to abide by the provision\u2019s directives. Andrews v. Foxworthy, 71 Ill. 2d 13, 21, 373 N.E.2d 1332, 1335 (1978). Conversely, the word \u201cshall\u201d may be deemed directive when \u201cthe provision merely directs a manner of conduct for the guidance of public officials or where the section is designed to secure order, system, and dispatch in proceedings.\u201d Stull, 239 Ill. App. 3d at 332, 606 N.E.2d at 791.\nWe conclude the legislature did not intend the designation requirement to be mandatory and defendant may not raise the issue at a rescission hearing. The implied-consent statute specifically conditions consent to testing on three issues: (1) whether the driver is on a public highway of Illinois; (2) whether the driver was arrested; and (3) whether the testing procedures of section 11 \u2014 501.2 are met. 625 ILCS 5/11 \u2014 501.1(a) (West 1996). The statute does not condition consent on the designation of chemical tests. In defendant\u2019s case, the three conditions were met and she consented to any or all three tests. Therefore, she was not injuriously affected by which test was actually used or by the Department\u2019s failure to designate which test should be used.\nWe conclude the legislature intended the designation requirement to \u201cdirect [ ] a manner of conduct for the guidance of public officials\u201d (see Stull, 239 Ill. App. 3d at 332, 606 N.E.2d at 791), not to protect any right or to give drivers a right to withhold consent to testing or rescind a suspended license. Had the legislature intended this result, the implied consent statute would have expressly conditioned summary suspension on designation or the summary suspension statute would have listed the issue as one to be raised at a rescission hearing. Statutes should be construed in conjunction with other statutes addressing the same subject. Badoud, 122 Ill. 2d at 55, 521 N.E.2d at 886.\nDefendant argues the designation requirement should be construed as mandatory because it was created to protect a certain right. She argues it was meant to protect against police officers applying chemical tests with \u201cunbridled discretion.\u201d She contends that such discretion is also an unreasonable seizure and a violation of the fourth amendment. U.S. Const., amend. IV. However, the Department\u2019s failure to designate which chemical tests it will use does not give police officers \u201cunbridled discretion\u201d to inflict intrusive chemical testing upon Illinois drivers. Before an officer may administer any chemical test, he must have probable cause to arrest the driver for drunk driving. 625 ILCS 5/11 \u2014 501.1(a) (West 1996). Also, the implied-consent statute limits the methods of testing and puts drivers on notice that they may be subjected to any of three testing options. This adequately protects the public from arbitrary and unreasonable chemical testing. The purpose of the language is to make clear that the local law enforcement agency, not the driver, is the entity which gets to choose the test. Anyway, it is not clear that the local law enforcement agency did not designate a test. The arresting officer asked defendant to take a breath test, and there has been no showing that the officer made that decision on his own or that his decision was contrary to agency policy. The officer was not required to produce some kind of document to show what test was designated.\nEven if the designation requirement was mandatory and defendant could raise it at the rescission hearing, she fails to show how she was prejudiced or injuriously affected in any way. Defendant refused to take the breath test, which she concedes in her appellate brief is \u201cindisputably the least intrusive chemical test.\u201d Clearly, the legislature did not intend to provide defendant the remedy of rescission of her suspended license in such an instance.\nAffirmed.\nGREEN and McCULLOUGH, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE COOK" } ], "attorneys": [ "Robert G. Kirchner, of Lerner & Kirchner, of Champaign, for appellant.", "Tony Lee, State\u2019s Attorney, of Paxton (Norbert J. Goetten, Robert J. Biderman, and Thomas R. Dodegge, all of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. RENE A. TOMLINSON, Defendant-Appellant.\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201497\u20140197\nOpinion filed February 4, 1998.\nRobert G. Kirchner, of Lerner & Kirchner, of Champaign, for appellant.\nTony Lee, State\u2019s Attorney, of Paxton (Norbert J. Goetten, Robert J. Biderman, and Thomas R. Dodegge, all of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0193-01", "first_page_order": 213, "last_page_order": 219 }