{ "id": 910240, "name": "TOMMIE G. BESCO et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. HENSLEE, MONEK AND HENSLEE et al., Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Besco v. Henslee", "decision_date": "1998-06-12", "docket_number": "No. 4\u201497\u20140950", "first_page": "778", "last_page": "785", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "297 Ill. App. 3d 778" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "587 N.E.2d 57", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "61" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "224 Ill. App. 3d 981", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5251763 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "987" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/224/0981-01" ] }, { "cite": "540 N.E.2d 447", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "451" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "184 Ill. App. 3d 486", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2637974 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "492" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/184/0486-01" ] }, { "cite": "634 N.E.2d 299", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1994, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "261 Ill. App. 3d 880", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5375292 ], "year": 1994, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/261/0880-01" ] }, { "cite": "682 N.E.2d 266", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "276" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "289 Ill. App. 3d 570", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 351077 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "584" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/289/0570-01" ] }, { "cite": "564 N.E.2d 1196", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1200", "parenthetical": "finding that failure to present expert testimony is usually fatal to a legal malpractice action" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "139 Ill. 2d 399", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5573874 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "407", "parenthetical": "finding that failure to present expert testimony is usually fatal to a legal malpractice action" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/139/0399-01" ] }, { "cite": "668 N.E.2d 46", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "49" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "282 Ill. App. 3d 292", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 159502 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "297" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/282/0292-01" ] }, { "cite": "533 N.E.2d 22", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "25" }, { "page": "29" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "178 Ill. App. 3d 191", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2433590 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "196" }, { "page": "202" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/178/0191-01" ] }, { "cite": "645 N.E.2d 964", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "967-68" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "269 Ill. App. 3d 104", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 365840 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "109-10" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/269/0104-01" ] }, { "cite": "580 N.E.2d 655", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "660" }, { "page": "660" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "220 Ill. App. 3d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5274248 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "8" }, { "page": "8" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/220/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "686 N.E.2d 631", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "640" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "292 Ill. App. 3d 566", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1725047 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "579" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/292/0566-01" ] }, { "cite": "45 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 51", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "et seq." } ], "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 761, "char_count": 16092, "ocr_confidence": 0.795, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.769626292393568e-08, "percentile": 0.36052082573153876 }, "sha256": "cb1155b437b3e8eac12260bb7986b522f6e2cd9c187b86f9bf3620a55299d3ce", "simhash": "1:162ad5a6bf4a3b74", "word_count": 2587 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T14:41:46.412422+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "TOMMIE G. BESCO et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. HENSLEE, MONEK AND HENSLEE et al., Defendants-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE HOMER\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiffs brought suit against their former attorneys for legal malpractice in the handling of plaintiffs\u2019 underlying personal injury case. As a sanction for violating a discovery order, the trial court barred plaintiffs from naming any opinion witnesses. Thereafter, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the attorneys, finding that plaintiffs could not prevail on their claim, as a matter of law, absent opinion testimony on the applicable standard of care. We reverse.\nFACTS\nTommie and Debra Lynn Besco filed a complaint for legal malpractice against the law firm of Henslee, Monek and Henslee, attorney Frank Van Bree, and the estate of attorney Francis Monek (collectively referred to as Chicago Counsel), and attorney William Davis (Davis) based upon their representation of plaintiffs in the underlying personal injury case.\nThe underlying lawsuit arose from an automobile accident that occurred in Iowa on January 3, 1990. Tommie, an employee of Chicago and Northwestern Transportation Company, was injured when the company van in which he was riding collided with a vehicle driven by Ronald Cousins. In June 1990, plaintiffs retained Chicago Counsel to represent them in a lawsuit to recover for Tommie\u2019s injuries. Although the claim against Cousins was based upon common law negligence, jurisdiction was in the Federal District Court for the Southern District of Iowa since a separate claim against Tommie\u2019s employer was based upon the Federal Employers\u2019 Liability Act (45 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 51 et seq. (West 1986)).\nThe rules of the Federal District Court for the Southern District of Iowa require that attorneys who are not admitted to practice before that court but who wish to file suit in the district must associate with an attorney who has been admitted to the court\u2019s bar. Since Chicago Counsel were not so admitted, they hired Davis as local counsel but did not inform plaintiffs. Chicago Counsel first contacted Davis in late November 1991 and asked him to provide them pleading forms so they could ensure the complaint would comply with local rules. At this time, both Chicago Counsel and Davis acknowledged that the claim against Cousins was subject to a two-year statute of limitations; however, it appears that they never discussed the date upon which it would expire in this particular case.\nDavis forwarded the requested, forms in mid-December, and on December 23, 1991, Chicago Counsel sent Davis the complaint and asked him to review, sign and file it. Davis ultimately filed the complaint on January 30, 1992, which was 27 days past the expiration of the statute of limitations for the action against Cousins. The complaint against Cousins was subsequently dismissed based upon the running of the limitations period. Plaintiffs settled their claim against Tommie\u2019s employer for $175,000.\nIn April 1993, plaintiffs instigated the instant malpractice suit against Chicago Counsel and Davis based upon their failure to file the suit against Cousins in a timely manner. At the case management conference on June 28, 1996, the following discovery cutoff dates were set by court order: (1) all written discovery by July 15, 1996; (2) depositions of all parties and nonopinion witnesses by September 30; (3) plaintiffs\u2019 opinion witnesses identified by September 15 and deposed by October 15; and (4) all other parties\u2019 opinion witnesses identified by November 15 and deposed by December 15.\nChicago Counsel identified attorney James Shipman as their expert witness on November 15, 1996. The disclosure statement revealed that Shipman was prepared to testify that (1) Chicago Counsel acted reasonably and were not negligent in their representation of plaintiffs, but that Davis was negligent for failing to timely file the complaint, and (2) he believed it would be highly unlikely, given the history of jury verdicts in the Iowa federal courts, the nature of Tommie\u2019s injuries and his vocational abilities, that plaintiffs would have recovered a jury verdict exceeding the settlement collected from Tommie\u2019s employer.\nPlaintiffs, however, failed to disclose opinion witnesses by the September 15 deadline and failed to appear at a scheduled case management conference in December. On December 19, 1996, Chicago Counsel filed a motion to bar plaintiffs from naming opinion witnesses and a motion for summary judgment.\nOn January 6, 1997, new counsel appeared on behalf of plaintiffs and filed a response to the motion to bar experts and a disclosure statement naming Roger Denton, the attorney who initially represented them in this case, as their expert witness. In their response to the motion to bar experts, plaintiffs explained that Chicago Counsel\u2019s repeated refusal to make defendant Van Bree available for deposition since their first request in July 1995 prejudiced their ability to file an adequate and timely expert witness disclosure. Plaintiffs also filed a motion for summary judgment based upon Chicago Counsel\u2019s lack of cooperation in making Van Bree available for deposition.\nThe trial court entered an order on May 2, 1997, granting defendants\u2019 motion to bar plaintiffs\u2019 expert witness, granting summary judgment in favor of Chicago Counsel, and denying plaintiffs\u2019 motion for summary judgment. The court found that plaintiffs\u2019 counsel failed to: appear at two case management conferences; disclose any expert witnesses by October 15 as ordered by the court; seek an extension of the deadline of October 15; or show good cause why they could not disclose experts by that date. The court also found that plaintiffs would be unable to prove their case without a standard of care expert. The action against Davis continued until he filed a motion for summary judgment in August 1997 which was granted by the trial court based upon plaintiffs\u2019 lack of an expert witness.\nOn appeal, plaintiffs contend that the trial court erred in (1) barring them from presenting opinion witnesses and (2) granting summary judgment in favor of Chicago Counsel and Davis after finding that plaintiffs could not prevail on their claim, as a matter of law, without opinion testimony on the applicable standard of care.\nANALYSIS\nPursuant to Supreme Court Rule 219(c), trial judges are afforded the authority to enter a wide range of orders when a party unreasonably fails to comply with discovery rules and orders. 134 Ill. 2d R. 219(c). The decision whether to impose sanctions for failure to comply with a discovery order and, if so, what type of sanction to impose, are decisions largely within the sound discretion of the trial court. Peterson v. Ress Enterprises, Inc., 292 Ill. App. 3d 566, 579, 686 N.E.2d 631, 640 (1997). Such decisions will not be overturned on appeal absent an abuse of discretion. Vallejo v. Mercado, 220 Ill. App. 3d 1, 8, 580 N.E.2d 655, 660 (1991).\nHowever, the purpose of Supreme Court Rule 219(c) is to advance the discovery process and encourage a trial on the merits. Farley Metals, Inc. v. Barber Colman Co., 269 Ill. App. 3d 104, 109-10, 645 N.E.2d 964, 967-68 (1994). Its purpose is not to punish the offending party, and judges may not impose sanctions that are intended primarily as punishment. Kubian v. Labinsky, 178 Ill. App. 3d 191, 196, 533 N.E.2d 22, 25 (1988). Consequently, the trial court\u2019s discretion in imposing sanctions is limited by the requirement its order be just. 134 Ill. 2d R 219(c); Vallejo, 220 Ill. App. 3d at 8, 580 N.E.2d at 660.\nIn the instant case, plaintiffs acknowledge that they failed to disclose their expert witness and present him for deposition within the time period ordered by the trial court. They contend, however, that the discovery sanction imposed upon them constituted an abuse of discretion. Although we do not condone plaintiffs\u2019 disregard of the discovery deadlines established by the trial court and believe sanctions were in order, we agree with plaintiffs that the sanction imposed was unjust under the circumstances and must be reversed.\nIn determining the proper severity of sanctions for failure to make a timely expert witness disclosure, trial courts should consider the following factors: (1) the surprise to the adverse party; (2) the prejudicial effect of the expert\u2019s testimony; (3) the nature of the expert\u2019s testimony; (4) the diligence of the adverse party; (5) whether objection to the expert\u2019s testimony was timely; and (6) the good faith of the party calling the witness. Jerke v. Jackson Products, Inc., 282 Ill. App. 3d 292, 297, 668 N.E.2d 46, 49 (1996). Consideration of these factors demonstrates that the trial court abused its discretion in barring plaintiffs from naming expert witnesses in this case.\nThere is nothing in the record to suggest that the defendants were surprised or prejudiced by the plaintiffs\u2019 late disclosure of their expert witness. To the contrary, the defendants knew that the nature of plaintiffs\u2019 claim required the presentation of the testimony of an expert witness, and Chicago Counsel had secured an expert of their own. The defendants were also aware of the numerous delays in the discovery process for which all parties apparently bore responsibility. Further, despite the fact that this case had been pending since April 1993, no trial date had been set and the parties were still in the early stages of discovery. Under the circumstances, we cannot see how the defendants were prejudiced by plaintiffs\u2019 tardy disclosure of their expert witnesses in this instance.\nThe testimony of an expert was necessary in this case to demonstrate the applicable standard of care as well as proof of damages. See Barth v. Reagan, 139 Ill. 2d 399, 407, 564 N.E.2d 1196, 1200 (1990) (finding that failure to present expert testimony is usually fatal to a legal malpractice action). Thus, the trial court\u2019s decision to bar plaintiffs from presenting such evidence effectively scuttled their case and resulted in summary judgment. A sanction that results in summary disposal of a claim should be used as a last resort only where other enforcement powers at the court\u2019s disposal have failed to advance the litigation. See Senese v. Climatemp, Inc., 289 Ill. App. 3d 570, 584, 682 N.E.2d 266, 276 (1997).\nFurther, although the defendants contend that plaintiffs were not diligent because they did not make timely disclosure of their expert or seek an extension of the September 15 deadline, a review of the facts reveals that plaintiffs\u2019 actions were not completely without basis. At the time when the trial court barred plaintiffs from naming any experts, fact discovery was not yet complete and plaintiffs were not yet given the opportunity to depose defendant Van Bree despite repeated attempts to do so. It was reasonable for plaintiffs to desire to depose the defendants prior to presenting their expert for deposition. Further, plaintiffs\u2019 complaint had been dismissed and refiled and plaintiff had retained new counsel during the time frame that these discovery deadlines were passing and the motion to bar was filed.\nAfter Chicago Counsel filed their motion to bar, plaintiffs promptly responded by (1) filing a disclosure statement naming their expert witness and (2) filing a response to the motion to bar explaining the delay and asking for leave to amend their disclosure upon completion of fact discovery. Contrary to Chicago Counsel\u2019s contention, we find no evidence that these remedial actions were taken by plaintiffs for any reason other than a good-faith effort to fulfill the discovery obligation and preserve their position.\nCertainly plaintiffs could and should have done more to protect their interests by filing a motion to compel Chicago Counsel to present Van Bree for deposition and by seeking an extension of time for disclosure of their expert. In this regard, we determine that plaintiffs\u2019 failure to comply with the discovery order was, indeed, sanctionable. However, the trial court clearly could have fashioned a more reasonable sanction which would have (1) balanced the interests of all parties while acknowledging the discovery violation, and (2) promoted the goal of expeditiously accomplishing discovery without punishing the plaintiffs for what appears to be their attorneys\u2019 failure to diligently pursue their legal malpractice case.\nDefendants urge this court to follow the fourth district\u2019s decision in Prather v. McGrady, 261 Ill. App. 3d 880, 634 N.E.2d 299 (1994); however, we decline to do so for the following reasons. Unlike in Prather, the instant record reveals that there was no trial date pending when defendants moved to bar plaintiffs\u2019 experts. Furthermore, we believe that the Prather decision failed to give meaningful consideration to whether the sanction imposed by the trial court was, in fact, reasonable which is required by Supreme Court Rule 219(c) and the factors set forth in Jerke.\nA trial court should generally avoid barring an expert witness from testifying if to do so would deny a party a trial on the merits. See Andrews v. Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 184 Ill. App. 3d 486, 492, 540 N.E.2d 447, 451 (1989). This is particularly true when the violation occurs at the pretrial stage and no trial date has yet been set. See Kubian, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 202, 533 N.E.2d at 29. We hold that the trial court\u2019s decision to sanction plaintiffs by barring them from naming expert witnesses was unreasonable in the instant case, served primarily to punish plaintiffs, and constituted an abuse of discretion. In light of our decision, we must also find that the trial court improperly granted summary judgment.\nSummary judgment is properly granted only when the pleadings, depositions, and affidavits show that no genuine issue of material fact exists and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. 735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 1005 (West 1996). Because the trial court barred plaintiffs from naming expert witnesses, plaintiffs were unable to present an expert\u2019s affidavit in opposition to both Chicago Counsel\u2019s and Davis\u2019s motions for summary judgment. As a result, the trial court did not have the opportunity to consider whether such evidence would have raised a genuine issue of material fact precluding entry of summary judgment. Thus, the trial court\u2019s decision to grant summary judgment was tainted by its erroneous decision to bar plaintiffs from naming an expert. See Keating v. Dominick\u2019s Finer Foods, Inc., 224 Ill. App. 3d 981, 987, 587 N.E.2d 57, 61 (1992).\nTherefore, we reverse the trial court\u2019s order granting defendants\u2019 motion to bar plaintiffs from naming expert witnesses and its order granting summary judgment, and we remand the cause for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.\nCONCLUSION\nFor the forgoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Peoria County is reversed and the cause is remanded for further proceedings.\nReversed and remanded.\nBRESLIN and SLATER, JJ., concur.\nThe original complaint, naming only Chicago Counsel as defendants, was filed in the circuit court of Madison County. Davis was added as a defendant when the first amended complaint was filed in July 1993. The case was then transferred to the circuit court of Peoria County in September 1994, and there was no subsequent action in the case evidenced in the record until May 1995.\nThe trial judge mistakenly referred to October 15 as the deadline for plaintiffs\u2019 disclosure of opinion witnesses. As previously indicated, the case management order provided that plaintiffs\u2019 experts be identified by September 15 and deposed by October 15.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE HOMER" } ], "attorneys": [ "Kevin J. Davidson (argued), of Bernard & Davidson, of Granite City, for appellants.", "David L. Cunningham and Franklin S. Wallace, both of Winstein, Kavensky & Wallace, of Rock Island, for appellee William E. Davis.", "David R. Sinn, Karen L. Kendall (argued), and Lisa A. LaConte, all of Heyl, Royster, Voelker & Allen, of Peoria, for other appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "TOMMIE G. BESCO et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. HENSLEE, MONEK AND HENSLEE et al., Defendants-Appellees.\nThird District\nNo. 4\u201497\u20140950\nOpinion filed June 12, 1998.\n\u2014 Modified on denial of rehearing August 18, 1998.\nKevin J. Davidson (argued), of Bernard & Davidson, of Granite City, for appellants.\nDavid L. Cunningham and Franklin S. Wallace, both of Winstein, Kavensky & Wallace, of Rock Island, for appellee William E. Davis.\nDavid R. Sinn, Karen L. Kendall (argued), and Lisa A. LaConte, all of Heyl, Royster, Voelker & Allen, of Peoria, for other appellees." }, "file_name": "0778-01", "first_page_order": 796, "last_page_order": 803 }