{
  "id": 2621525,
  "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Mays, Defendant-Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "People v. Mays",
  "decision_date": "1975-07-18",
  "docket_number": "No. 74-50",
  "first_page": "461",
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    "id": 8837,
    "name": "Illinois Appellate Court"
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      "cite": "41 Ill.2d 528",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:56:28.126609+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Mays, Defendant-Appellant."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Mr. JUSTICE STOUDER\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nAfter a jury found defendant, James Mays, guilty of armed robbery, the circuit court of Rock Island County sentenced him to a term of from 2 to 6 years in the penitentiary. On this appeal the only assignments of error relate to final argument of the State\u2019s Attorney.\nDefendant was charged with the armed robbery of a filling station in Rock Island, Illinois. The station attendant and his girl friend identified defendant as being one of the three persons committing the offense. Also testifying on behalf of the People was the defendant\u2019s brother who admitted being one of the participants in the crime and who identified the defendant and another brother as the other participants. Defendant did not testify but proffered the defense of alibi. He presented the testimony of a neighbor lady and his 11-year-old daughter in support of his claim that he was at his house at about the time the crime took place.\nDuring the final argument the prosecutor made the following statements:\n\u201cNow, to acquit Mr. Mays you are going to have to convince yourselves, you are going to have to have a reasonable doubt that these three people who testified here are wrong. You are going to have to second guess. You weren\u2019t there. You are going to have to second guess them and sit here and say to yourselves I know James Mays didn\u2019t commit that crime. You will have to acquit him. You are going to have on your conscience the fact that a man who has robbed a service station of $700 that you are putting him back on the streets. You must have a reasonable doubt if you are going to acquit this particular person. Three people who were there testified that they saw him, and I will submit to you that their demeanor, and certainly the demeanor of Collette Gingery and Thomas Sikardi are good. They are the kind of people you would like and want to believe.\nMR. DOUGLAS: I object to Counsel\u2019s injecting his own personal views of people you should like or want to believe.\nCOURT: Overruled. This is an observation.\n# # e\n[Prosecutor]: There was no doubt that when he saw him he had long hair on, and we know that picture is a fair and accurate picture, but you are going to have to be convinced that these people were mistaken in what he looked like and that Terry Mays was a liar. On the other hand, he has brought in two alibi witnesses, and I ask you if you were accused of such a serious crime, and you would as well be no matter what the truth, but if you are eyeballed like this, you might want to bring in a couple people, but does that put a reasonable doubt in your mind to acquit a person? Well, if that\u2019s it, then that\u2019s what tire verdict will be, and Mr. Mays can then go out on the street again. Thank you.\u201d\nRased on the foregoing portion of the final argument defendant contends he was denied a fair trial because such argument failed to accord him tire presumption of innocence to which he is entitled, shifted the burden to him to prove his innocence, and finally, implied that he was guilty of other offenses contrary to the facts and evidence. Admittedly, the objectionable argument constituted only a small portion of tire prosecutor\u2019s total closing argument, the remarks were not objected to and the jury was properly instructed on the burden of proof.\nIn our opinion the arguments by the prosecution detailed above did include improper statements. Regardless of tire prosecution argument that such statements were related to a proper definition of reasonable doubt, the plain import of the argument is that the jury must know the defendant is innocent before they should acquit the defendant. This goes far beyond the effort to define reasonable doubt condemned in an instruction in People v. Cagle, 41 Ill.2d 528, 244 N.E.2d 200, and illustrates the problem created where efforts are made to define reasonable doubt. Although perhaps not to the same extent, the argument also suggests some duty on the part of the defendant to establish the reasonable doubt as in People v. Weinstein, 35 Ill.2d 467, 220 N.E.2d 432. Also see People v. Adkins, 16 Ill.App.3d 394, 306 N.E.2d 709, regarding the impropriety of suggesting that the defendant will be back on the streets again, thereby indicating the commission of other crimes when there was no evidence of other crimes.\nThe question nevertheless remains whether the errors were prejudicial requiring a new trial or may be regarded as harmless when considered with all the evidence and hence not requiring reversal. In our opinion the harmless error rule as stated in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 17 L.Ed.2d 705, 87 S.Ct. 824, is applicable, and in our opinion we believe beyond a reasonable doubt that the error was harmless. The portion of the final argument referred to was only a small part thereof, and it is undisputed that in other portions of the argument the burden of the State to prove the defendant\u2019s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt was clearly enunciated together with the accompanying observation that the defendant was not required to prove anything. It was undisputed that the jury was correctly instructed, and in view of the evidence in the case we do not believe that the objectionable argument affected the jury\u2019s determination. Defendant was positively identified by the victim of the crime and by his girl friend and was also positively identified by one of the participants in the robbery. The testimony of defendant\u2019s alibi witnesses was impeached, and under such circumstances we are convinced the objectionable argument had no significant impact on the verdict of the jury. For the foregoing reasons the judgment of the circuit court of Rock Island County is affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.\nALLOY and BARRY, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Mr. JUSTICE STOUDER"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "James Geis and Mary Robinson, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Ottawa, and Marshall Douglas, of Moline, for appellant.",
      "David DeDoncker, State\u2019s Attorney, of Rock Island (Bernard Rivkin and F. Stewart Merdian, both of Illinois State\u2019s Attorneys Association, of counsel), for the People."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James Mays, Defendant-Appellant.\n(No. 74-50;\nThird District\nJuly 18, 1975.\nJames Geis and Mary Robinson, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Ottawa, and Marshall Douglas, of Moline, for appellant.\nDavid DeDoncker, State\u2019s Attorney, of Rock Island (Bernard Rivkin and F. Stewart Merdian, both of Illinois State\u2019s Attorneys Association, of counsel), for the People."
  },
  "file_name": "0461-01",
  "first_page_order": 487,
  "last_page_order": 489
}