{ "id": 564649, "name": "ROGER L. SEGUR et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. SHARON McGILL SBRIZZI et al., Defendants-Appellants", "name_abbreviation": "Segur v. Sbrizzi", "decision_date": "1999-04-20", "docket_number": "No. 3\u201498\u20140072", "first_page": "298", "last_page": "304", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "304 Ill. App. 3d 298" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "481 U.S. 704", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6220990 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/481/0704-01" ] }, { "cite": "613 N.E.2d 1329", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1344-345" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "245 Ill. App. 3d 413", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5384510 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "434" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/245/0413-01" ] }, { "cite": "635 N.E.2d 755", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "760-61" }, { "page": "765-66" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "263 Ill. App. 3d 831", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "820-22" }, { "page": "827-29" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "617 N.E.2d 852", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "248 Ill. App. 3d 292", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2943297 ], "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/248/0292-01" ] }, { "cite": "404 N.E.2d 1111", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1114" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "84 Ill. App. 3d 151", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3202990 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "155" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/84/0151-01" ] }, { "cite": "147 N.E. 788", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "year": 1925, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "790-91" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "317 Ill. 150", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5147434 ], "year": 1925, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "158" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/317/0150-01" ] }, { "cite": "669 N.E.2d 368", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "371" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "282 Ill. App. 3d 586", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 159542 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "589" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/282/0586-01" ] }, { "cite": "598 N.E.2d 1035", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1038-039" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "233 Ill. App. 3d 881", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5196653 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "885-86" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/233/0881-01" ] }, { "cite": "651 N.E.2d 127", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "131" }, { "page": "130-31" }, { "page": "131-32" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "165 Ill. 2d 533", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 483557 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "541-42" }, { "page": "540-41" }, { "page": "542-43" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/165/0533-01" ] }, { "cite": "444 U.S. 164", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11305447 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "176" }, { "page": "343-44" }, { "page": "391" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/444/0164-01" ] }, { "cite": "481 U.S. 704", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6220990 ], "weight": 9, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "715" }, { "page": "679" }, { "page": "2083" }, { "page": "711-12" }, { "page": "677" }, { "page": "2081" }, { "page": "717" }, { "page": "681" }, { "page": "2084" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/481/0704-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 713, "char_count": 13902, "ocr_confidence": 0.779, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.947487136851577e-08, "percentile": 0.3101738750019789 }, "sha256": "edbc024f4b9a9c6697825988fb0c5d401cbb50215a2f2ea78b0b6abc944a6aa9", "simhash": "1:e48151112da6b54c", "word_count": 2310 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:20:24.702805+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "ROGER L. SEGUR et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. SHARON McGILL SBRIZZI et al., Defendants-Appellants." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE HOMER\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe three plaintiffs, the adopted children of Helen McGill\u2019s two daughters, filed a suit for partition of a farm located in Iroquois County and held by Helen\u2019s estate. Each plaintiff claimed a one-fifth interest in the farm based upon the terms of Helen\u2019s will and section 2\u20144(f) of the Probate Act of 1975 (755 ILCS 5/2\u20144(f) (West 1996)). Helen\u2019s two natural-born grandchildren objected. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the plaintiffs, and we affirm.\nFACTS\nThis dispute among Helen McGill\u2019s five grandchildren concerns their inheritance of Helen\u2019s 273-acre farm (the River Farm). In 1940, Helen devised the River Farm in her will as follows:\n\u201cI hereby give, devise and bequeath all my property owned by me at my death, real, personal and mixed, to my four children, share and share alike, except the 273 acres known as the River Farm in Middleport Township, Iroquois County, Illinois, that to remain intact and each to receive their share of rents therefrom after all necessary repairs and taxes are paid each year. At the death of any of my four children it then becomes the property of the living children and so on until the death of the last child, when it shall become the property of my grandchildren.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nWhen Helen died a year later, she was survived by all four of her children: David W. McGill, Maurice McGill, Lorene Segur, and Helen Bell. At that time, Helen also had two natural-born grandchildren, David T. McGill and Sharon Sbrizzi, both of whom were born to her son, David, prior to the execution of her will. In the years after Helen\u2019s death, her daughters both adopted children; Lorene Segur adopted two sons, Roger and Alan, and Helen Bell adopted one son, John. Upon the death of Helen\u2019s last surviving child, the five grandchildren remained.\nSeeking to claim their interest in the River Farm, the three adopted grandchildren filed the instant action for partition. The defendants, the two natural-born grandchildren, objected, arguing that because the plaintiffs were adopted they were not entitled to any inheritance under the terms of their grandmother\u2019s will.\nCross-motions for summary judgment were filed. After a hearing, the trial court found that based upon section 2\u20144(f) of the Probate Act of 1975 (Act) (755 ILCS 5/2\u20144(f) (West 1996)) and our supreme court\u2019s decision in First National Bank v. King, 165 Ill. 2d 533, 651 N.E.2d 127 (1995), each plaintiff was entitled to inherit a one-fifth interest in the River Farm as conveyed in Helen\u2019s will. The defendants appealed. On appeal, they argue that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of the plaintiffs and against the defendants and that section 2\u20144(f) of the Act is unconstitutional.\nANALYSIS\nI. Summary Judgment\nSummary judgment is properly granted when the pleadings, affidavits, depositions, and admissions on file demonstrate that there exists no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. 735 ILCS 5/2\u20141005 (West 1996). When interpreting the provisions of a will, summary judgment may be appropriate if the four corners of the instrument reveal no ambiguity as to the testator\u2019s intent. Orso v. Lindsey, 233 Ill. App. 3d 881, 885-86, 598 N.E.2d 1035, 1038-039 (1992). This court conducts de novo review of a trial court\u2019s decision to grant summary judgment. Wells v. Enloe, 282 Ill. App. 3d 586, 589, 669 N.E.2d 368, 371 (1996).\nThe defendants argue that the plaintiffs are not entitled to inherit any portion of the River Farm under the terms of Helen\u2019s will because, according to a common law rule in effect at the time she executed her will, the plaintiffs, as adopted grandchildren, would not have inherited under the will. In support, they cite the \u201cstranger to adoption rule,\u201d which provides that when a provision is made in a will for the children of some person other than the testator, an adopted child is presumptively not included unless there is language in the will or circumstances surrounding the testator at the time that she made her will which make it clear that the adopted child was intended to be included. See Smith v. Thomas, 317 Ill. 150, 158, 147 N.E. 788, 790-91 (1925). Although the defendants present an accurate recitation of the status of the common law at the time Helen\u2019s will was executed, that law is not controlling in this case.\nOur state legislature has retroactively reversed the common law rebuttable presumption with respect to the status of adopteds, changing it from a presumption of noninclusion to a presumption of inclusion. This new rule of will construction is set forth in section 2\u20144(f) of the Act, which provides in pertinent part:\n\u201cAfter September 30, 1989, a child adopted at any time before or after that date is deemed a child born to the adopting parent for the purpose of determining the property rights of any person under any instrument executed before September 1, 1955, unless one or more of the following conditions applies:\n(1) The intent to exclude such child is demonstrated by the terms of the instrument by clear and convincing evidence.\u201d 755 ILCS 5/2\u20144(f) (West 1996).\nUnder section 2\u20144(f), the instant plaintiffs are presumptively considered children born to their parents for the purpose of determining property rights under their grandmother\u2019s will unless the intent to exclude them is demonstrated by the terms of the will by clear and convincing evidence. Although the defendants argue that the terms of Helen\u2019s will demonstrate that she intended to bequeath her River Farm to her \u201cbloodline\u201d and thereby exclude any adopted grandchildren, we cannot agree.\nCiting numerous cases decided prior to the enactment of the current version of section 2\u20144(f) of the Act, the defendants argue that use of a term such as \u201cheirs,\u201d \u201clawful issue,\u201d or \u201cgrandchildren,\u201d standing alone, indicates a clear intent not to include adopteds. Because, however, section 2\u20144(f) was enacted to reflect the \u201cmodern view\u201d that adopted children are to be afforded a status of inheritance equivalent to that of natural children (see Wielert v. Larson, 84 Ill. App. 3d 151, 155, 404 N.E.2d 1111, 1114 (1980)), cases interpreting such terms prior to its enactment are not particularly helpful to our analysis.\nOur supreme court recently undertook the task of interpreting the terms of a will in light of the rebuttable presumption established in section 2\u20144(f). First National Bank v. King, 165 Ill. 2d 533, 651 N.E.2d 127 (1995). In King, the court held that a testator\u2019s limitation of a beneficiary class to \u201clawful descendants\u201d and provision for distribution \u201cper stirpes\u201d did not demonstrate, by clear and convincing evidence, an intent by the testator to exclude adopted persons. Therefore, the adopted child of the testator\u2019s grandson was considered a lawful descendant of the testator and was entitled to receive proceeds from a trust created by the will. King, 165 Ill. 2d at 541-42, 651 N.E.2d at 131. In rendering this decision, the court expressly rejected the contrary decision reached by the appellate court in Continental Bank, N.A. v. Herguth, 248 Ill. App. 3d 292, 617 N.E.2d 852 (1993).\nIn affirming King, our supreme court adopted the following reasoning from the appellate court\u2019s decision in the case:\n\u201cThe meaning ordinarily prescribed to the term \u2018descendent\u2019 under the old law, itself, was merely a presumption. It did nothing more than provide a rule of construction where the testator\u2019s actual intent was unknown, just as the new presumption established by section 2\u20144(f) does. Accordingly, *** the use of the term \u2018descendent,\u2019 standing alone, cannot be regarded as clear and convincing evidence of an intent to exclude adopted heirs. There must be something more in the terms of the instrument itself to demonstrate, at a minimum, that the testator actually considered the contingency of adoption.\u201d King, 165 Ill. 2d at 540-41, 651 N.E.2d at 130-31, citing First National Bank v. King, 263 Ill. App. 3d 831, 820-22, 635 N.E.2d 755, 760-61 (1994).\nSimilarly, in the instant case we find that Helen\u2019s use of the term \u201cgrandchildren,\u201d standing alone, does not constitute clear and convincing evidence that she intended to exclude any adopted grandchildren from taking under her will so as to rebut the presumption created by section 2\u20144(f). In describing persons who were to receive benefits under her will, Helen used a specific reference to her \u201cfour children\u201d and a general reference to her \u201cgrandchildren.\u201d Knowing that she had only two grandchildren at the time of execution of the will, she apparently intended the bequest to ultimately include any future grandchildren as well. Further, there is nothing within the four corners of Helen\u2019s will to suggest that she contemplated or intended to exclude grandchildren that might be adopted rather than born into the family.\nBased upon our supreme court\u2019s decision in King, section 2\u20144(f) of the Act, and the plain language of Helen\u2019s will, we determine that there exists no genuine issue of material fact regarding the plaintiffs\u2019 right to inherit under the terms of Helen\u2019s will and that the plaintiffs are entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Therefore, we affirm the trial court\u2019s grant of summary judgment to the plaintiffs.\nII. Constitutional Argument\nThe defendants also contend that section 2\u20144(f) of the Act is unconstitutional. However, all but one of the constitutional arguments raised by the defendants were asserted in King and expressly rejected by the appellate and supreme courts in that case. See King, 263 Ill. App. 3d at 827-29, 635 N.E.2d at 765-66; King, 165 Ill. 2d at 542-43, 651 N.E.2d at 131-32. Therefore, to the extent that the defendants have repeated those arguments, we are bound by the decision in King.\nThe defendants do, however, raise one constitutional contention not directly addressed by the King court. Without identifying the specific state or federal constitutional provisions supporting their position, the defendants assert that section 2\u20144(f) violated Helen\u2019s constitutional right to \u201cdispose of her legacy as she desired.\u201d They cite cases on a variety of topics to support their argument that it was simply \u201cunfair\u201d to Helen for the legislature to make this retroactive change in the law. However, the defendants\u2019 argument on this issue is poorly developed, the cases cited are not on point, and we question whether the defendants even have standing to raise this issue on Helen\u2019s behalf. A reviewing court is not a depository in which a litigant may leave the burden of argument and research. In re Estate of Kline, 245 Ill. App. 3d 413, 434, 613 N.E.2d 1329, 1344-345 (1993). Accordingly, we reject the defendants\u2019 constitutional challenges.\nCONCLUSION\nFor the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Iroquois County is affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.\nBRESLIN, J., concurs.\nThe defendants-appellants in this case are David McGill and Sharon Sbrizzi, Helen\u2019s two natural-born grandchildren. The McTaggarts (who lease the farmland) and the Cummings (who lease the house on the property) are not parties to this appeal.\nThe defendants argue that the United States Supreme Court\u2019s decision in Hodel v. Irving, 481 U.S. 704, 95 L. Ed. 2d 668, 107 S. Ct. 2076 (1987), gives them standing to pursue this claim on Helen\u2019s behalf. In Hodel, the Court determined that the descendants of certain American Indians had standing under the \u201cprudential standing doctrine\u201d to serve as the representatives of their ancestors\u2019 fifth amendment rights in challenging a federal law that provided that certain reservation land could not be disposed of through devise or intestacy, but had to escheat to the tribe. The Court noted that the Hodel case presented a unique situation and ordinarily a decedent\u2019s surviving claims must be pursued by an executor or administrator on behalf of the estate. Therefore, we find Hodel distinguishable and determine that the instant defendants have failed to satisfy this court that they have standing to raise this constitutional claim.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE HOMER" }, { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE,\nspecially concurring in part and dissenting in part:\nI respectfully dissent from that portion of the majority\u2019s opinion rejecting the defendant\u2019s constitutional argument that section 2\u20144(f) violated Helen\u2019s constitutional right to \u201cdispose of her legacy as she desired.\u201d The right to pass on property to one\u2019s heirs is a valuable and constitutionally protected right. Hodel v. Irving, 481 U.S. 704, 715, 95 L. Ed. 2d 668, 679, 107 S. Ct. 2076, 2083 (1987). I would find under the Hodel rationale that Helen\u2019s natural-born grandchildren have sufficient standing to assert and defend that right. Hodel, 481 U.S at 711-12, 95 L. Ed. 2d at 677, 107 S. Ct. at 2081.\nHelen also had the right to exclude nonblood persons from taking any part of her legacy. Kaiser Aetna v. United States, 444 U.S. 164, 176, 62 L. Ed. 2d 332, 343-44, 100 S. Ct. 383, 391 (1979). Now, decades after she clearly expressed her intentions in her will, the legislature has attempted to reach back through time and defeat her intention. I would find that this attempt by the legislature to negate the clear intent of the testator some 40 years after her death violated due process. Hodel, 481 U.S. at 717, 95 L. Ed. 2d at 681, 107 S. Ct. at 2084. I therefore dissent on that basis from that portion of the majority\u2019s disposition.", "type": "concurring-in-part-and-dissenting-in-part", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE," } ], "attorneys": [ "B. Franco Laterza (argued) and Lucila O. Espedido, both of Law Offices of B. Franco Laterza, EC., of Chicago, for appellants.", "Ivan Looker (argued), of Looker & Looker, and Ronald Boyer, of Boyer & Thompson, both of Watseka, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "ROGER L. SEGUR et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. SHARON McGILL SBRIZZI et al., Defendants-Appellants.\nThird District\nNo. 3\u201498\u20140072\nOpinion filed April 20, 1999.\nRehearing denied May 20, 1999.\nHOLDRIDGE, EJ., concurring in part and dissenting in part.\nB. Franco Laterza (argued) and Lucila O. Espedido, both of Law Offices of B. Franco Laterza, EC., of Chicago, for appellants.\nIvan Looker (argued), of Looker & Looker, and Ronald Boyer, of Boyer & Thompson, both of Watseka, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0298-01", "first_page_order": 316, "last_page_order": 322 }