{ "id": 173500, "name": "RANA McARTHUR, f/k/a Rana King, Indiv. and as Special Adm'x of the Estate of Baby Boy King, Deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL OF DECATUR, Defendant-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "McArthur v. St. Mary's Hospital", "decision_date": "1999-09-03", "docket_number": "No. 4-99-0071", "first_page": "329", "last_page": "337", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "307 Ill. App. 3d 329" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "704 N.E.2d 731", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "737" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "301 Ill. App. 3d 939", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 257128 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "947-48" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/301/0939-01" ] }, { "cite": "475 N.E.2d 260", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "131 Ill. App. 3d 24", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3437946 ], "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/131/0024-01" ] }, { "cite": "512 N.E.2d 824", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "159 Ill. App. 3d 710", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3611974 ], "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/159/0710-01" ] }, { "cite": "525 N.E.2d 278", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "170 Ill. App. 3d 791", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3586508 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/170/0791-01" ] }, { "cite": "624 N.E.2d 442", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "253 Ill. App. 3d 509", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5425550 ], "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/253/0509-01" ] }, { "cite": "635 N.E.2d 1091", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1093" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "263 Ill. App. 3d 422", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5365089 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "425" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/263/0422-01" ] }, { "cite": "207 N.E.2d 440", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "443" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "32 Ill. 2d 489", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2839973 ], "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "495" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/32/0489-01" ] }, { "cite": "489 N.E.2d 1342", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1345" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "111 Ill. 2d 266", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3166763 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "273" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/111/0266-01" ] }, { "cite": "586 N.E.2d 539", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "543" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "224 Ill. App. 3d 107", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5251606 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "111" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/224/0107-01" ] }, { "cite": "570 N.E.2d 327", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "329" }, { "page": "328-29" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "143 Ill. 2d 44", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5591136 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "46" }, { "page": "46-48" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/143/0044-01" ] }, { "cite": "586 N.E.2d 1211", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1215" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "146 Ill. 2d 263", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5597010 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "271-72" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/146/0263-01" ] }, { "cite": "615 N.E.2d 736", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "740" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "155 Ill. 2d 402", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 4810152 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "411" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/155/0402-01" ] }, { "cite": "703 N.E.2d 883", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "892-93" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "184 Ill. 2d 290", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 926988 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "309-11" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/184/0290-01" ] }, { "cite": "608 N.E.2d 54", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "57" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "239 Ill. App. 3d 1087", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5149734 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1091" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/239/1087-01" ] }, { "cite": "658 N.E.2d 1239", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1245" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "276 Ill. App. 3d 1038", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 927688 ], "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1044" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/276/1038-01" ] }, { "cite": "635 N.E.2d 1091", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1093-94" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "263 Ill. App. 3d 422", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5365089 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "425-26" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/263/0422-01" ] }, { "cite": "207 N.E.2d 440", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "444", "parenthetical": "which in turn quotes O. McCaskill, Illinois Civil Practice Act Annot., at 126-27 (Supp. 1936)" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "32 Ill. 2d 489", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2839973 ], "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "497" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/32/0489-01" ] }, { "cite": "489 N.E.2d 1342", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1348" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "111 Ill. 2d 266", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3166763 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "279" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/111/0266-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 899, "char_count": 18720, "ocr_confidence": 0.821, "pagerank": { "raw": 8.75773477776823e-08, "percentile": 0.49508195265438254 }, "sha256": "fbde9fe9159aa7bb2be74def068705f0853612494b953fff596d96caa28f3507", "simhash": "1:73b727dcf55f2425", "word_count": 3029 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:00:41.446378+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "RANA McARTHUR, f/k/a Rana King, Indiv. and as Special Adm\u2019x of the Estate of Baby Boy King, Deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. ST. MARY\u2019S HOSPITAL OF DECATUR, Defendant-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE KNECHT\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiffs, Rana McArthur, individually and as special administratrix of the estate of Baby Boy King, deceased, appeal from an order of the circuit court of Macon County granting summary judgment to defendant, St. Mary\u2019s Hospital of Decatur (hospital), as to paragraphs 6(b) through 6(h) of count V of her third-amended complaint. For the reasons that follow, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand for further proceedings.\nThe facts necessary to our resolution of this appeal are not in dispute. Dr. William Wagner provided Rana McArthur\u2019s prenatal care at the hospital\u2019s prenatal clinic. On September 18, 1995, in the twentieth week of the pregnancy, Dr. Wagner ordered a complete pregnancy ultrasound examination. A hospital-employed technician performed the examination. Permanent recorded images were made of various anatomical structures. These images were reviewed and interpreted by Dr. J. Ambrosini, a radiologist who contracted with the hospital to provide radiological services. Dr. Ambrosini testified at his deposition it was the policy of both the hospital and Dr. Ambrosini\u2019s medical group that the hospital\u2019s technician had the responsibility to measure the cerebral ventricles and interpret those measurements. The technician who performed the examination for plaintiff found nothing abnormal about the ventricles. Plaintiffs were aware a hospital technician took the sonogram but the ultrasound report indicates it was interpreted by Dr. Ambrosini. Dr. Ambrosini did not perform his own independent assessment of the ventricles.\nPlaintiffs allege the cerebral ventricles had begun to dilate or fill with an abnormal amount of fluid by the time of the ultrasound. When the cerebral ventricles fill with fluid, they have measurements larger than normal for the gestational age in question. The filling of the cerebral ventricles marks the beginning of the development of hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an enlarged head on the baby. The hydrocephalus went undiagnosed and continued to develop without the knowledge of Dr. Wagner.\nOn January 7, 1996, plaintiff mother experienced moderate contractions and went to the hospital to determine whether she was in labor. Apparently it was a false labor and she was sent home. While in the hospital, however, a sonogram was taken by Dr. L. Walton, the obstetrician on call. Dr. Walton indicated the baby was in a breech position but stated nothing more.\nPlaintiff mother returned to the hospital on January 18 to deliver her baby. Dr. Wagner ordered a flat plate X ray to determine whether the baby was still in a breech position. The X ray was taken and developed by hospital employees. Dr. Wagner testified he was informed by a nurse the X rays indicated the baby was still in a breech position. The X-ray report was made the next day after the radiologist, Dr. T. Ferry, read the X rays. Dr. Wagner testified he first saw the X-ray report the day after delivery.\nDr. Wagner spoke with plaintiff mother and elected to do a vaginal delivery instead of a cesarean-section delivery. During the delivery the baby\u2019s legs, trunk, and shoulders were delivered without incident but, because of the abnormally large size of the baby\u2019s head caused by the hydrocephalus, the head became trapped in the birth canal causing the umbilical cord to compress, and the baby died. Both Dr. Wagner and plaintiff mother testified this was the first time either was aware hydrocephalus was present.\nPlaintiffs brought suit against the hospital and several other defendants on May 23, 1997. The only allegation against the hospital in the original complaint was that on or about January 7, 1996, it \u201c[flailed to implement and/or enforce a policy requiring a permanent radiographic image of all ultrasound sonogram examinations be maintained.\u201d The allegations against other defendants included the failure to correctly read the sonograms and X rays taken and the failure to diagnose the hydrocephalus from which Baby Boy King suffered. A first-amended complaint, with the same allegation against the hospital, was filed on August 5, 1997. A second-amended complaint, again with the same sole allegation against the hospital, was filed on August 25, 1997.\nDiscovery proceeded among the parties. At the February 1998 deposition of Dr. Ambrosini, plaintiffs discovered Dr. Ambrosini never evaluated the cerebral ventricles, but he claimed a hospital technician had that responsibility. That same month the deposition of Dr. Ferry was taken, and plaintiff learned that, although Dr. Ferry dictated a report containing his interpretation of the X ray taken immediately prior to birth, he did not actually see the film until the next day.\nOn April 2, 1998, plaintiffs moved for leave to file the third-amended complaint on April 2, 1998. Among other things, this complaint added seven new allegations against the hospital:\n\u201c(b) Acting by and through its employee, Connie Lanham, failed to properly read and/or interpret the ultrasound performed on September 18, 1995;\n(c) Acting by and through its employee, Connie Lanham, failed to appreciate and/or document the fetus\u2019 enlarged ventricles on September 18, 1995;\n(d) Permitted and/or implemented a policy, practice, guideline[,] or protocol which did not require a properly qualified physician to interpret and/or access the cerebral ventricles for congenital abnormalities during every complete pregnancy ultrasound;\n(e) Acting by and through its agents or employees, failed to timely interpret the flat plate X-rays [szc] obtained on January 18, 1996;\n(f) Permitted an unqualified person to interpret both the September 18, 1995[,] ultrasound and the January 18, 1996[,] flat plate X-ray [szc];\n(g) Acting by and through its agents or employees, misread and/or misinterpreted the radiographic films on January 18, 1996;\n(h) Acting by and through its agents or employees, failed to note and/or document fetus; hydrocephalic head evident on January 18, 1996.\u201d\nSeveral defendants, including the hospital, objected to the court granting leave to file the amended complaint; one of the grounds asserted was that it included completely new allegations against them that were barred by the statute of limitations. Leave to file the third-amended complaint was granted, however, and the amended complaint was filed on June 25, 1998.\nDefendants Dr. Ambrosini and Radiological Associates of Decatur filed a motion for summary judgment arguing plaintiffs could not establish proximate causation as to them. This motion was granted on September 29. Plaintiffs filed a motion to reconsider on October 13. The hospital filed a motion for summary judgment on October 30, adopting the proximate cause argument of Dr. Ambrosini and Radiological Associates and adding a paragraph arguing the seven new allegations against it were barred by the statute of limitations. Before the trial court ruled on plaintiffs\u2019 motion to reconsider its ruling on summary judgment for defendants Dr. Ambrosini and Radiological Associates, plaintiffs settled with all defendants except the hospital. The motion to reconsider was denied on November 17, 1998.\nPlaintiffs filed a response to the hospital\u2019s motion and memorandum in support of summary judgment on December 3. The response did not include any argument or opposition to the statute of limitations issue. On December 22, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the hospital, finding the new allegations alleged different conduct by different people than the original allegations. As such, they presented additional factual bases for the liability of the hospital and did not relate back to the original or previous amended complaints that were filed within the statute of limitations period. A Rule 304(a) (155 Ill. 2d R. 304(a)) finding was made, finding no just reason to delay enforcement or appeal. Plaintiffs then filed a motion to reconsider and addressed the arguments regarding the statute of limitations issue, contending the new allegations against the hospital related back to those in the original or amended complaints filed within the statutory time period. The motion was denied on January 11, 1999, and this appeal followed.\nThe standard of review for the granting of a summary judgment motion is de novo. In re Estate of Hoover, 155 Ill. 2d 402, 411, 615 N.E.2d 736, 740 (1993). All issues of fact, pleadings, depositions, and admissions must be construed strictly against the movant and liberally in favor of the party opposing the motion. Loyola Academy v. S&S Roof Maintenance, Inc., 146 Ill. 2d 263, 271-72, 586 N.E.2d 1211, 1215 (1992).\nThe applicable statute of limitations for a medical malpractice action is found in section 13\u2014212(a) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code), which provides:\n\u201c[N]o action for damages for injury or death against any *** hospital *** arising out of patient care shall be brought more than 2 years after the date on which the claimant knew, or through the use of reasonable diligence should have known, or received notice in writing of the existence of the injury or death for which damages are sought in the action, whichever of such date occurs first, but in no event shall such action be brought more than 4 years after the date on which occurred the act or omission or occurrence alleged in such action to have been the cause of such injury or death.\u201d 735 ILCS 5/13\u2014212(a) (West 1998).\nThe acts that were the basis of the seven new allegations against the hospital occurred in September 1995 and January 1996, both more than two years before the third-amended complaint was filed on June 25, 1998. Plaintiffs argue the new allegations related back to the filing of the original complaint, while the hospital argues they do not. Section 2\u2014616(b) of the Code governs the concept of \u201crelation back\u201d and provides in relevant part:\n\u201cThe cause of action, cross[-]claim[,] or defense set up in any amended pleading shall not be barred by lapse of time under any statute or contract prescribing or limiting the time within which an action may be brought or right asserted, if the time prescribed or limited had not expired when the original pleading was filed, and if it shall appear from the original and amended pleadings that the cause of action asserted, or the defense or cross [-]claim interposed in the amended pleading grew out of the same transaction or occurrence set up in the original pleading ***.\u201d 735 ILCS 5/2\u2014616(b) (West 1998).\nAs the hospital notes, the relation-back doctrine only applies if (1) the original complaint was timely filed and (2) the cause of action in the amended complaint grew out of the same transaction or occurrence as that alleged in the original complaint. Wolf v. Meister-Neiberg, Inc., 143 Ill. 2d 44, 46, 570 N.E.2d 327, 329 (1991). Further, the original complaint should supply a defendant with all of the information necessary to prepare its defense to the subsequently asserted claim. Flynn v. Szwed, 224 Ill. App. 3d 107, 111, 586 N.E.2d 539, 543 (1991).\nThe rationale for this rule is that a defendant will not be prejudiced so long as his attention is directed, within the limitations period, to the facts that form the basis of the claim asserted against him. Zeh v. Wheeler, 111 Ill. 2d 266, 273, 489 N.E.2d 1342, 1345 (1986); Simmons v. Hendricks, 32 Ill. 2d 489, 495, 207 N.E.2d 440, 443 (1965). Allowing an amended pleading to relate back to the date the original pleadings were filed is the result of a balance struck by the legislature between the preference for resolving disputes on their merits and the prevention of unfair surprise or prejudice to a party resulting from the lack of notice of conduct or conditions upon which liability is asserted against it. Yette v. Casey\u2019s General Stores, Inc., 263 Ill. App. 3d 422, 425, 635 N.E.2d 1091, 1093 (1994).\nThe hospital argues the original complaint and the first two amended complaints all alleged a failure on its part to implement or enforce a policy of permanent storage of radiographic images, while the third-amended complaint added allegations of failure to properly read and/or interpret sonograms and flat plate X rays. It contends it could not possibly have gained knowledge from the original allegation that would direct its attention to these new claims. In support of its argument, the hospital cites cases where amendments were held not to relate back because the original allegations did not provide sufficient notice to the defendants of the information necessary to defend the new allegations against them. Those cases, however, involved either sole defendants where the new claims asserted against them were of a completely new nature that they could not have anticipated (Yette, 263 Ill. App. 3d 422, 635 N.E.2d 1091; Weber v. Cueto, 253 Ill. App. 3d 509, 624 N.E.2d 442 (1993); Flynn, 224 Ill. App. 3d 107, 586 N.E.2d 539; Bailey v. Petroff, 170 Ill. App. 3d 791, 525 N.E.2d 278 (1988)) or multiple defendants where completely new theories were added that had not been asserted against any defendants previously. Weidner v. Carle Foundation Hospital, 159 Ill. App. 3d 710, 512 N.E.2d 824 (1987); Chestnut v. Adeli, 131 Ill. App. 3d 24, 475 N.E.2d 260 (1985).\nIn this case, however, the allegations of a failure to properly read and/or interpret sonograms and flat plate X rays were at the heart of plaintiffs\u2019 case from the beginning. These allegations were not made against the hospital initially, apparently because the medical records indicated the radiographic images were read or interpreted by Drs. Ambrosini and Ferry and Radiological Associates and not hospital personnel. Not until after plaintiffs discovered hospital personnel apparently were involved in reading and/or interpreting the images at issue were these allegations made against the hospital. Because these allegations were made against the hospital\u2019s codefendants and were at the heart of plaintiffs\u2019 case, the hospital was aware of them and knew the extent of the involvement of its own personnel.\nWhen the relation-back doctrine is applied, the entire record may be examined to determine (1) if a defendant is on notice of a claim prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations and (2) the true facts upon which the amended claim against defendant is based. Wolf, 143 Ill. 2d at 46-48, 570 N.E.2d at 328-29. Recently, the court in Common v. West Suburban Hospital Medical Center, 301 Ill. App. 3d 939, 704 N.E.2d 731 (1998), a case involving multiple defendants, relied on Wolf in finding the relation-back doctrine applied where an amended complaint alleged West Suburban hospital, through its agents, had failed to achieve adequate hemostasis following surgery on the decedent. Although the original allegations against West Suburban had been for vicarious liability for the reading of decedent\u2019s computed tomography scans, West Suburban had been on notice from the outset of the litigation, prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations, that the plaintiff was claiming a failure to achieve adequate hemostasis following surgery and that this was a proximate cause of the decedent\u2019s death because this had been alleged against a codefendant doctor. Therefore, the court found the relation-back provision of section 2\u2014616(b) applied to this new charge of negligence against West Suburban. Cammon, 301 Ill. App. 3d at 947-48, 704 N.E.2d at 737.\nWe find the situation presented in Cammon to be very similar to that presented here. In looking at the entire record, we find the hospital was aware from the beginning of the litigation plaintiffs were asserting negligence in reading or interpreting sonograms on September 18, 1995, and flat plate X rays on January 18, 1996, as this was asserted against Drs. Ambrosini and Ferry. The sonogram and X rays were administered and taken at the hospital in both instances, and the hospital was aware its personnel were involved in at least the administering and taking of them if not the reading and interpretation. We find neither prejudice nor unfair surprise to the hospital in allowing the allegations against it in plaintiffs\u2019 third-amended complaint to relate back to the filing of the original complaint, which was clearly within the time allowed by the statute of limitations.\nWe find the allegations against the hospital are not time-barred because they relate back to the filing of the original complaint. We reverse the trial court\u2019s granting of summary judgment on those grounds, and we need not discuss plaintiffs\u2019 arguments regarding the application of the discovery rule found in section 13\u2014212(a) of the Code. 735 ILCS 5/13\u2014212(a) (West 1998). We express no opinion on the lack-of-proximate-cause argument advanced by defendant, because the trial court did not rule on that argument.\nReversed and remanded.\nMYERSCOUGH, J, concurs.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE KNECHT" }, { "text": "JUSTICE COOK,\nspecially concurring:\nI concur.\nThe right to amend does not depend on whether the cause of action is substantially similar to that set out in the original pleading; the true inquiry is whether plaintiff is \u201c \u2018 \u201cattempting to slip in an entirely distinct claim in violation of the spirit of the limitations act.\u201d \u2019 \u201d Steinberg v. Dunseth, 276 Ill. App. 3d 1038, 1044, 658 N.E.2d 1239, 1245 (1995), quoting Sompolski v. Miller, 239 Ill. App. 3d 1087, 1091, 608 N.E.2d 54, 57 (1992), quoting Simmons, 32 Ill. 2d at 497, 207 N.E.2d at 444 (which in turn quotes O. McCaskill, Illinois Civil Practice Act Annot., at 126-27 (Supp. 1936)). There has been a shift in focus from the identity of the cause of action to the identity of the occurrence or transaction. Zeh, 111 Ill. 2d at 279, 489 N.E.2d at 1348. This transactional approach is also employed in the modern res judi cata cases: assertions of different theories of relief arising out of a single group of operative facts will not avoid the bar of res judicata. River Park, Inc. v. City of Highland Park, 184 Ill. 2d 290, 309-11, 703 N.E.2d 883, 892-93 (1998); cf. Yette, 263 Ill. App. 3d at 425-26, 635 N.E.2d at 1093-94 (amendment denied, where it would have changed theory from failure to remove ice to one of unnatural accumulation).", "type": "concurrence", "author": "JUSTICE COOK," } ], "attorneys": [ "Joseph R. Hillebrand and J. Michael Weilmuenster (argued), both of Kassly, Bone, English & Weilmuenster, P.C., of Belleville, for appellant.", "Richard J. Wilderson (argued) and April G. Troemper, both of Graham & Graham, Ltd., of Springfield, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "RANA McARTHUR, f/k/a Rana King, Indiv. and as Special Adm\u2019x of the Estate of Baby Boy King, Deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. ST. MARY\u2019S HOSPITAL OF DECATUR, Defendant-Appellee.\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201499\u20140071\nArgued July 14, 1999.\nOpinion filed September 3, 1999.\nCOOK, J., specially concurring.\nJoseph R. Hillebrand and J. Michael Weilmuenster (argued), both of Kassly, Bone, English & Weilmuenster, P.C., of Belleville, for appellant.\nRichard J. Wilderson (argued) and April G. Troemper, both of Graham & Graham, Ltd., of Springfield, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0329-01", "first_page_order": 347, "last_page_order": 355 }