{ "id": 2711689, "name": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Bennie Kinzie et al., Defendants-Appellants", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Kinzie", "decision_date": "1975-08-18", "docket_number": "No. 60461", "first_page": "832", "last_page": "837", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "31 Ill. App. 3d 832" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "390 U.S. 377", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6170914 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/390/0377-01" ] }, { "cite": "409 U.S. 188", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6173155 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/409/0188-01" ] }, { "cite": "315 N.E.2d 545", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "21 Ill.App.3d 676", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5379841 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/21/0676-01" ] }, { "cite": "312 N.E.2d 664", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "20 Ill.App.3d 125", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5345551 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "129" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/20/0125-01" ] }, { "cite": "295 N.E.2d 449", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "54 Ill.2d 111", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2931885 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/54/0111-01" ] }, { "cite": "250 N.E.2d 152", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "42 Ill.2d 508", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2848428 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "511" }, { "page": "511" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/42/0508-01" ] }, { "cite": "314 N.E.2d 671", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "20 Ill.App.3d 880", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5345064 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/20/0880-01" ] }, { "cite": "307 N.E.2d 767", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "17 Ill.App.3d 245", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2510019 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "249" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/17/0245-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 645, "char_count": 11733, "ocr_confidence": 0.691, "pagerank": { "raw": 7.300207300906588e-08, "percentile": 0.4341104442768671 }, "sha256": "269dccc6a4e1c44622ab22ee89f927b4ec9ff215b5a23347a8324f7d01b00343", "simhash": "1:ff2eddca70cffb46", "word_count": 1945 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:34:56.206419+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Bennie Kinzie et al., Defendants-Appellants." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Mr. JUSTICE EGAN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe defendants, Bennie Kinzie and Jerry Winn, were convicted of robbery after a bench trial and sentenced to the Illinois Department of Corrections for two to eight years. \u2022\nShortly before midnight on June 12, 1973, Robert Jackson left Sportsman\u2019s Park Race .Track in Cicero where he was employed as a cashier: He was carrying approximately $200 in cash as he approached his car in the parking lot which was well lighted. His car was a 1973 green Chevrolet, license plate number BP 8227. As he attempted to put his key in the door lock, two. men approached him from the front, and one of them said, \u201cThis is a stick-up.\u201d The light in the parking lot reflected on their faces. Jackson later identified both defendants as the two-men. The defendant, Winn, was holding a \u201cshiny object\u201d in his hand.- Suddenly, Winn put his arm around Jackson\u2019s neck and'threw him to the ground;- then Winn \u201crammed Iris knee\u201d in Jackson\u2019s ribs more than once and'proceeded to choke, him. Jackson was almost rendered unconscious, and both men Went through his pockets. They took $200 in cash, his wrist watch and car .keys; they then drove off in Jackson\u2019s car. leaving him lying on-the ground. The entire robbery, according to Jackson\u2019s estimate, took approximately five to ten minutes. \u2022\n: :\u25a0 Minutes later, Officers Swanson and Vrtis \u00f3f the Chicago Police Department were in a squad car at 4450 West 26th Street, approximately one mile from'Sportsman\u2019s Park Race Track, when- they observed- a-1973 Chevrolet approaching from the rear without headlights. The Chevrolet passed the squad car,, and Officer Vrtis- observed- the two occupants. The officers followed the Chevrolet- and signaled the driver to' puli ' over;\nAfter traveling .several more blocks, the Chevrolet slowed down and its two occupants alighted and fled in opposite directions. Swanson pursued the passenger. \u00f3f the. Chevrolet on foot coming-within six to eight feet of Him before losmghim.in an alley. Sw\u00e1nson later identified the defendant Winn \u00e1s the passenger whom he had chased.-Swanson put out a radio call that he needed assistance and was in pursuit of- a male Negro in the vicinity of 25th Street.\n'..'Officer. Richard Oswald and- his partner were -in a police car at'25th and Kostner when they heard Swanson\u2019s radio message. About a minute later, Oswald saw th\u00e9 defendant Winn runniiig through a gangway southbound, approximately one-half block- from the location-of the radio call for assistance. Oswald placed Winn under arrest and took him to Swanson\u2019s squad car.\nIn the meantime, Officer Vrtis arrested the driver of the Chevrolet after a chase of \u201ca matter of seconds.\u201d The man he apprehended was the defendant Kinzie. The license number .of the 1973 Chevrolet that they had followed was BP 8227. Kinzie was searched and Jackson\u2019s wrist watch was found in his pocket. No weapons nor any money were recovered from either defendant.\nApproximately 12 hours later, Jackson identified both defendants in a line-up consisting of three black males at the Cicero police station.\nNeither defendant testified; but two witnesses testified that Winn was in a restaurant at 4134 West 16th Street in Chicago and left between 11:45 p.m. and midnight.\nThe defendants first contend that they were not proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. The evidence against Kinzie is overwhelming. The evidence against Winn consists of identification by Jackson as the man who robbed lnm, the identification by Swanson as a passenger in Jackson\u2019s car, and the arrest by Oswald as Winn was \u201crunning through a gangway\u201d a short distance from the stolen car. Although Winn submitted two alibi witnesses, the trier of fact was not required to believe them. (People v. Huey, 17 Ill.App.3d 245, 249, 307 N.E.2d 767. Both defendants were proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.) People v. Scott, 20 Ill.App.3d 880, 314 N.E.2d 671.\nThe defendants also contend that the suggestive fine-up procedures employed by the police, the failure to make a photographic record of the line-up and the State\u2019s failure to name or call any officer present for the line-up were- circumstances that denied the defendants due process of law.\nThe burden of proving that a pretrial line-up procedure is unfair rests with the defendants. (People v. Blumenshine, 42 Ill.2d 508, 511, 250 N.E.2d 152.) When Jackson was asked if the police told him they had the two men that had robbed him, he testified: \u201cThey said they had a line-up for me to look at and see if I could pick them out, which I did.\u201d This case is factually inapposite to People v. Lee, 54 Ill.2d 111, 295 N.E.2d 449, cited by the defendants, in which the police called the witness and told him they \u201chad the guys who did it. Come on down and identify them.\u201d When the witness arrived at the police station, the defendant -was brought in handcuffed to a suspect whom the witness had previously identified. - \u2022\nPeople v. Irons, 20 Ill.App.3d 125, 312 N.E.2d 664, is a clear answer to the defendants\u2019 contention that the three-man liiie-up containing the two defendants was in and of itself impermissively suggestive. The court said (20 Ill.App.3d 125 at 129):\n\u201cHere, it is true that only one other man appeared in the line-up with defendants, but a line-up is not rendered defective or prejudicial merely because of its numerical composition or the manner in which it is conducted as such matters go only to the weight of the identification testimony. [Citation.]\u201d\nSee also People v. Rosenborgh, 21 Ill.App.3d 676, 315 N.E.2d 545.\nThe defendants have not cited a case, nor do we befieve one exists, that holds that failure to take a picture of the line-up is a denial of due process. We cannot see how the failure to take a picture would have any \u201csuggestive\u201d impact on an identification.\nOn August 20, 1973, tire defendants filed a discovery motion asking for the names of aH witnesses to the defendants\u2019 identification. On August 30, the State answered and fisted as possible witnesses Robert Jackson, Officers Swanson and Vrtis and Officer Erjevic of the Cicero Police; and medical personnel at McNeal Hospital. On September 24, the defendants waived a jury and at the same time filed a motion to suppress the identification testimony; a motion to quash the arrest and suppress evidence; and a motion to suppress a statement. At the request of the defendants\u2019 attorney, the motions were heard with the trial.\nThe State called Officer Erjevic\u2019s partner, George Buenik, a police officer for Cicero. He testified that Jerry Winn was brought to the Cicero police station about 5:30 a.m. and Bennie Iiinzie at about 11 a.m.; and that a line-up was held about noon. Cross-examination disclosed that he was not present at the line-up and that he did not know what police officers from Cicero were present. Officers Swanson and Vrtis had testified that they had nothing to do with the line-up.\nThe defendants do not now maintain that the erroneous information given by the State in its answer to the defendants\u2019 discovery motion of itself requires a new trial, but, rather, that it is to be considered with aU the other circumstances surrounding the defendants\u2019 identification. Again, we fail to see how erroneous information given at the trial some months after the identification may be considered to buttress the assertion that the identification procedures were improper. Moreover, the defendants themselves were present at the line-up, but they did not testify in regard to the motion to suppress identification nor did they call any other witnesses.\nTheir motion was filed on the morning of trial and, at their request, was taken with the trial. At the time the State rested, the defense knew that the witnesses that had been called by the State were not present at the line-up \"and that the \"information given in response to the discovery motion was incorrect. The Assistant State\u2019s Attorney- pointed Out that if he had notice of the motion he could have had the entire police department in court. He also said that Officer Buenik did not know who conducted the line-up and he offered to recall Jackson to find out if he knew. Erjevic was hot in court and was out of town; The Assistant State\u2019s Attorney offered to turn over whatever was in his file. The defendants\u2019 attorney told the court that he knew the State had an officer from the Cicero Police Department; that \u201cmaybe I jumped at the wrong conclusion, but I surmised him to be present at the time the line-up was conducted. I had no occasion to think otherwise.\u201d The trial was adjourned until the next day, September 25, and on that date the defense attorney issued a subpoena duces tecum for Officer Buenik' and for any and all reports, records and photos that Buenik might have in the case. Oh October 15 the trial resumed and the defendants called Officers Oswald and Swanson. After resting, the defense attorney told the court that they had subpoenaed \u201cOfficer E. J. Javec\u201d (Erjevic); that Buenik had told the attorney that he though Erjevic had conducted the line-up; that, however, the defense attorney had talked to Erjevic that morning and learned that Erjevic did not conduct the line-up and had no information about the line-up in question. The court then asked if the attorneys wished to be heard on each of their motions. After ruling on the motion to quash the arrest the court said: \u201cNow, there is a motion to suppress identification testimony, do you wish to be heard on that?\u201d The defense attorney then argued in support of-the motion to suppress but at no time ever asked the court for additional time to investigate in order to ascertain who it was that conducted the line-up. Nor did he make any point of the absence at the trial of the officers who did in fact conduct the line-up. The defendants are in no position now to complain.\nFinally, the defendants contend that the trial judge\u2019s remarks and ruling on the motion to suppress the identification show that he used an incorrect standard in passing on the admissibility of Jackson\u2019s identification. They interpret his remarks as a holding that, ev\u00e9n though the confrontation conducted was unnecessarily suggestive and conducive to irreparable mistaken identification, only the credibility of the testimony and not its admissibility was affected. People v. Blumenshine, 42 Ill.2d 508, 511, 250 N.E.2d 152.\nThe trial judge said that there was an element of suggestiveness in the fact that the two men were placed in a line with only one other man but that he believed that fact affected the weight of the evidence rather than the admissibility,. Although an identification procedure may contain some degree of suggestiveness, it is only those procedures which present a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification- which are prohibited. (Neil v. Biggers, 409 U.S. 188, 34 L.Ed.2d 401, 93 S.Ct 375; Simmons v. United States, 390 U.S. 377, 19 L.Ed.2d 1247; 88 S.Ct. 967; People v. Rosenborgh, 21 Ill.App.3d 676, 315 N.E.2d 545.) We construe the trial judge\u2019s remarks to be a recognition that there was some degree of suggestiveness but that it did not present a substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification. The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.\nJudgment affirmed.\nGOLDBERG and SIMON, JJ. concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "Mr. JUSTICE EGAN" } ], "attorneys": [ "\u25a0\u2019 James J. \"Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (Louis Caprio and Judith A. Stewart, Assistant Public Defenders, of counsel), for appellants.", "Bernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Laurence \"Bolon and Raymond J. Prosser, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for-the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "The People of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Bennie Kinzie et al., Defendants-Appellants.\n(No. 60461;\nFirst District (1st Division)\nAugust 18, 1975.\n\u25a0\u2019 James J. \"Doherty, Public Defender, of Chicago (Louis Caprio and Judith A. Stewart, Assistant Public Defenders, of counsel), for appellants.\nBernard Carey, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Laurence \"Bolon and Raymond J. Prosser, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for-the People." }, "file_name": "0832-01", "first_page_order": 856, "last_page_order": 861 }