{ "id": 415347, "name": "MARELLA HANUMADASS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COFFIELD, UNGARETTI AND HARRIS, Defendant-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "Hanumadass v. Coffield", "decision_date": "1999-12-28", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201498\u20143275", "first_page": "94", "last_page": "103", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "311 Ill. App. 3d 94" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "617 N.E.2d 122", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "128" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "246 Ill. App. 3d 1012", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5386900 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1022" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/246/1012-01" ] }, { "cite": "603 N.E.2d 508", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "511-12" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "151 Ill. 2d 445", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3292317 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "452" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/151/0445-01" ] }, { "cite": "667 N.E.2d 1310", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1315" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "172 Ill. 2d 438", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 55977 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "447" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/172/0438-01" ] }, { "cite": "684 N.E.2d 401", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "409" }, { "page": "409" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "291 Ill. App. 3d 247", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 456165 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "259" }, { "page": "259" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/291/0247-01" ] }, { "cite": "492 N.E.2d 1267", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "112 Ill. 2d 205", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5537969 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/112/0205-01" ] }, { "cite": "474 N.E.2d 934", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "937" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "130 Ill. App. 3d 604", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3494631 ], "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "609" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/130/0604-01" ] }, { "cite": "521 A.2d 1343", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "215 N.J. Super. 388", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.J. Super.", "case_ids": [ 715816 ], "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nj-super/215/0388-01" ] }, { "cite": "692 N.E.2d 276", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "278" }, { "page": "278" }, { "page": "278" }, { "page": "278" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "181 Ill. 2d 178", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 821418 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "185" }, { "page": "184" }, { "page": "184" }, { "page": "185" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/181/0178-01" ] }, { "cite": "574 N.E.2d 602", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "607" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "143 Ill. 2d 296", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5591864 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "307" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/143/0296-01" ] }, { "cite": "457 N.E.2d 1", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "98 Ill. 2d 546", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3122805 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/98/0546-01" ] }, { "cite": "487 N.E.2d 752", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "756", "parenthetical": "holding that the zone of physical danger rule announced in Rickey v. Chicago Transit Authority, 98 Ill. 2d 546, 457 N.E.2d 1 (1983), was insufficient to provide a basis for recovery of damages for alleged emotional distress caused solely by the negligent performance of legal work" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "139 Ill. App. 3d 325", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3569395 ], "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "331", "parenthetical": "holding that the zone of physical danger rule announced in Rickey v. Chicago Transit Authority, 98 Ill. 2d 546, 457 N.E.2d 1 (1983" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/139/0325-01" ] }, { "cite": "607 N.E.2d 1185", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1186" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "154 Ill. 2d 48", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 4820169 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "50" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/154/0048-01" ] }, { "cite": "565 N.E.2d 101", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "105", "parenthetical": "\"the higher standard of care required of a fiduciary should [not] extend to an attorney's personal relationships with his clients, unless there is tangible evidence that *** his legal representation of the client was, in fact, adversely affected\"" }, { "page": "106", "parenthetical": "holding that, absent any quantifiable injury resulting from the attorney's representation, plaintiffs emotional harm was insufficient to support an action for legal malpractice" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "206 Ill. App. 3d 918", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2561294 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "925" }, { "page": "925" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/206/0918-01" ] }, { "cite": "452 N.E.2d 694", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "697", "parenthetical": "holding that mental anguish damages were not recoverable under either a contract or negligence theory because plaintiffs complaint did not allege that defendants' breach of contract was intentional, reckless or wanton" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "116 Ill. App. 3d 939", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3518866 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "943-44" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/116/0939-01" ] }, { "cite": "542 N.E.2d 1124", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1126" }, { "page": "1127" }, { "page": "1126" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "187 Ill. App. 3d 53", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2665710 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "55-56" }, { "page": "57" }, { "page": "56-57" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/187/0053-01" ] }, { "cite": "681 N.E.2d 640", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 9, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "647" }, { "page": "647" }, { "page": "649" }, { "page": "649" }, { "page": "650" }, { "page": "650", "parenthetical": "\"[i]t is only when the attorney has reason to know that a breach of his fiduciary duty is likely to cause emotional distress, for reasons other than pecuniary loss, that damages will be given as compensation for mental suffering\"" }, { "page": "648" }, { "page": "648" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "289 Ill. App. 3d 116", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 350997 ], "weight": 10, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "125" }, { "page": "125" }, { "page": "129" }, { "page": "128" }, { "page": "130" }, { "page": "130" }, { "page": "128" }, { "page": "127" }, { "page": "130" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/289/0116-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 964, "char_count": 21223, "ocr_confidence": 0.78, "pagerank": { "raw": 8.291634884581806e-08, "percentile": 0.4793727356305329 }, "sha256": "5c2478d15afb5e5a5e61ac98b80e532227ce0742ffdae455e3fc38434b7624b4", "simhash": "1:292595b82cd7edb6", "word_count": 3455 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:30:26.081874+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "MARELLA HANUMADASS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COFFIELD, UNGARETTI AND HARRIS, Defendant-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE COUSINS\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff, Marella Hanumadass, a physician formerly employed by Cook County Hospital, filed a legal malpractice action in the circuit court of Cook County against defendant, Coffield, Ungaretti & Harris, a law firm employed by the county to defend plaintiff in an action for medical malpractice that was settled without plaintiff\u2019s knowledge. Following trial, a jury returned a verdict in plaintiffs favor as to liability and awarded him $1 in damages. Plaintiff filed a posttrial motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or, in the alternative, a new trial on damages only, which was denied by the circuit court. On appeal, plaintiff contends: (1) the circuit court erred, as a matter of law, in barring damages for loss of reputation, embarrassment, health and state of mind; and (2) the jury verdict, awarding plaintiff $1 in damages, was against the manifest weight of the evidence.\nFor the following reasons, we affirm.\nBACKGROUND\nOn August 8, 1983, a complaint was filed against Cook County Hospital and seven of its doctors, including plaintiff, for medical malpractice that resulted in the death of Marion Madison, a patient at the hospital. See Bass v. County of Cook, 83 \u2014 L\u201415532 (Bass). Pursuant to an ordinance by the Cook County Board of Commissioners, the State\u2019s Attorney\u2019s office assigned the case to Coffield, Ungaretti & Harris (the law firm) to represent Cook County Hospital and the seven doctors in their defense of the litigation. See Ordinance No. 80 \u2014 O\u20141 by Cook County Board of Commissioners (eff. January 7, 1980).\nOn December 14, 1989, Robert Chapman, one of plaintiff\u2019s attorneys, executed a \u201cSettlement Agreement and Mutual Release,\u201d which dismissed all of the defendants from the Bass action for the payment of $200,000. The settlement disclaimed any liability on behalf of any of the doctors or the hospital, and Cook County paid the entire amount of the settlement as well as all legal fees associated with the defense of the litigation. However, plaintiff neither signed the settlement agreement nor was he informed of the settlement until approximately eight months after it was signed by Chapman.\nPursuant to the mandatory reporting provision of the Medical Practice Act of 1987 (Medical Practice Act or Act) (225 ILCS 60/1 et seq. (West 1998)), any settlement of a malpractice case against a physician must automatically be reported to the Medical Disciplinary Board within the Department of Professional Regulation (the Department). As such, in connection with the settlement of the Bass lawsuit, Cook County Hospital submitted a \u201cProfessional Conduct and Disability Report\u201d (disability report) regarding plaintiffs actions to the Department. See 225 ILCS 60/22 (West 1998).\nAfter receipt of an August 13, 1990, letter written by the disciplinary board informing plaintiff that he had been reported by Cook County Hospital, plaintiff retained the law firm of Cornfield & Feldman to seek a retraction from the hospital. On October 12, 1990, at the behest of plaintiffs attorneys, Dr. Terrence M. Hanson, director of Cook County Hospital, sent a letter to Kevin K. Wright, Director of the Department, advising him that the disability report regarding plaintiff in connection with the Bass lawsuit was incorrect and should be withdrawn. The report was not withdrawn; however, after investigation and in response to Dr. Hanson\u2019s correspondence, the Department concluded that no further investigation was necessary.\nOn July 22, 1992, plaintiff filed a two-count amended complaint against the law firm, alleging, inter alia, that an attorney-client relationship existed between plaintiff and the law firm. Count I asserted that the law firm breached its duty \u201cof competent representation and of undivided loyalty and of providing a level of representation that constituted a reasonable degree of care and skill\u201d by failing to do 15 separate actions, including failure to bring a motion to dismiss plaintiff from the malpractice action \u201cin the face of evidence that plaintiff could not possibly have been responsible for the underlying malpractice\u201d and failure to inform plaintiff that a settlement had taken place. Count II alleged a breach of contract by the law firm and set forth claimed violations of the Illinois Rules of Professional Conduct, specifically Rules 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.7, 1.13, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 (134 Ill. 2d Rs. 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.7, 1.13, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4). Additionally, plaintiff alleged that, as a third-party beneficiary of the contract between the law firm and Cook County, his reputation was injured by the law firm\u2019s specific acts of misconduct referred to in count I.\nOn April 8, 1993, upon the law firm\u2019s motion, plaintiffs amended complaint was dismissed with prejudice insofar as it was predicated on \u201cthe settlement issue\u201d; however, plaintiff was given leave to file an amended complaint with regard to \u201cany other issues of representation.\u201d\nOn June 24, 1994, this court reversed the order of the circuit court, finding that plaintiff was entitled to a full disclosure of any intent to settle the Bass litigation without his consent. This court further remanded the case for a trial on the merits to resolve the issue of whether an attorney is liable for malpractice despite the fact that the underlying case was settled. See Hanumadass v. Coffield, Ungaretti & Harris, Ltd., No. 1 \u2014 93\u20141589 (1994) (unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23).\nOn November 9, 1994, plaintiffs amended complaint was reinstated by the circuit court, as directed by this court in Hanumadass. A jury trial commenced on June 29, 1998, and concluded on June 30, 1998. Following the presentation of evidence, the jury returned a verdict in favor of plaintiff as to liability and awarded him $1 in damages. Thereafter, on July 29, 1998, plaintiff filed a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or, in the alternative, a new trial on damages. On August 10, 1998, following a hearing on the matter, plaintiffs motion was denied.\nOn September 4, 1998, plaintiff timely filed his notice of appeal.\nANALYSIS\nI\nPrior to trial, the law firm submitted a motion in limine to bar damages based on \u201closs of reputation, embarrassment, health and state of mind.\u201d After argument, the motion was granted. On appeal, plaintiff contends that the circuit court erred, as a matter of law, in barring damages for loss of reputation, embarrassment, health and state of mind. More specifically, plaintiff avers that the trial court erred in concluding that Doe v. Roe, 289 Ill. App. 3d 116, 681 N.E.2d 640 (1997), was controlling authority in the face of Horn v. Croegaert, 187 Ill. App. 3d 53, 542 N.E.2d 1124 (1989), as the cause of action in the Doe case was not based on a negligence theory of malpractice. Instead, plaintiff posits that noneconomic emotional distress damages should be recoverable because:-(1) general tort principles support such an award; (2) such an award is appropriate when defendant\u2019s conduct is egregious; and (3) such an award is appropriate due to \u201cthe fundamental impact\u201d that defendant\u2019s negligence had on plaintiffs ability to fully perform his \u201clife\u2019s work.\u201d We disagree.\nIn Horn, a pensioner widow brought a legal malpractice action against her former lawyer, alleging that (1) she would have married an oilman who became successful instead of living with him if her lawyer had not improperly advised her that marriage would have destroyed her pension, and (2) her lawyer failed to advise her to get an oil business deal entered into with the oilman in writing. The Fifth District of the Illinois Appellate Court held that damages for marital protection were not so speculative as to preclude maintenance of a claim for bad advice by her lawyer that prevented marriage. Horn, 187 Ill. App. 3d at 55-56, 542 N.E.2d at 1126. The court further held that damages resulting from the lack of a written agreement regarding her business relationship with the oilman were not so speculative as to preclude maintaining a claim for defendant\u2019s failure to advise her to get the business deal in writing. Horn, 187 Ill. App. 3d at 57, 542 N.E.2d at 1127.\nWe dispense of the attempt to analyze the Horn opinion, as did this court in Doe, as the court in that case \u201cdid not favor us with any reasoning or citation to authority in support of its conclusion that damages for emotional distress are recoverable in a legal malpractice action.\u201d Doe, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 125, 681 N.E.2d at 647. Rather, in our view, plaintiff\u2019s reliance on Horn is misplaced, as the language relied upon by plaintiff in support of his assertion that he is entitled to noneconomic losses by reason of \u201c[l]oss of self-esteem, shame, public ridicule and moral anguish\u201d (Horn, 187 Ill. App. 3d at 56-57, 542 N.E.2d at 1126) has been found to be obiter dictum. See Doe, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 125, 681 N.E.2d at 647. Accordingly, we agree that the lower court properly decided to follow Doe as controlling authority regarding the availability of noneconomic emotional distress damages in legal malpractice actions.\nIn Doe, a client filed suit against her former lawyer, who was hired to represent her in an action for dissolution of marriage, claiming that the lawyer breached his fiduciary duty to her by coercing her into a sexual relationship with him. After noting that only three appellate cases in Illinois other than the present action addressed the issue of whether emotional distress damages were recoverable against an attorney in a legal malpractice action (see Maere v. Churchill, 116 Ill. App. 3d 939, 452 N.E.2d 694 (1983); Horn v. Croegaert, 187 Ill. App. 3d 53, 542 N.E.2d 1124 (1989); Suppressed v. Suppressed, 206 Ill. App. 3d 918, 565 N.E.2d 101 (1990)), this court held that the essential purpose of the attorney-client relationship is the provision of competent legal services, which does not give rise to a duty on the part of the attorney to improve a client\u2019s mental or emotional well-being. Doe, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 129, 681 N.E.2d at 649. See also Suppressed, 206 Ill. App. 3d at 925, 565 N.E.2d at 105 (\u201cthe higher standard of care required of a fiduciary should [not] extend to an attorney\u2019s personal relationships with his clients, unless there is tangible evidence that *** his legal representation of the client was, in fact, adversely affected\u201d).\nIn our view, the case at bar concerns a question of contract law that is characterized by plaintiff as a tort action. While our supreme court has held that \u201ca complaint against a lawyer for professional malpractice may be couched in either contract or tort\u201d (Collins v. Reynard, 154 Ill. 2d 48, 50, 607 N.E.2d 1185, 1186 (1992)), included within the rubric of legal malpractice are claims grounded in breach of contract, negligence, and breach of fiduciary duty. Doe, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 128, 681 N.E.2d at 649. As such:\n\u201cIn determining the range of compensable damages under the law of contracts, Illinois follows the rule in Hadley v. Baxendale, 9 Ex. 341, 156 Eng. Rep. 145 (1854), that recoverable damages are those that naturally result from the breach or are the consequence of special or unusual circumstances that are in the reasonable contemplation of the parties when making the contract. [Citation.] Recovery for mental distress is \u2018excluded unless *** the contract or the breach is of such a kind that serious emotional disturbance was a particularly likely result.\u2019 [Citations.]\u201d Doe, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 130, 681 N.E.2d at 650.\nPlaintiff correctly indicates that Doe does not directly decide whether a plaintiff might be able to recover emotional distress damages under a negligence theory. However, after a thorough review of the record, we agree that there is no evidence that the law firm had any reason to know that the failure to notify plaintiff of the settlement would lead to the alleged emotional distress. See Doe, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 130, 681 N.E.2d at 650 (\u201c[i]t is only when the attorney has reason to know that a breach of his fiduciary duty is likely to cause emotional distress, for reasons other than pecuniary loss, that damages will be given as compensation for mental suffering\u201d); see also Maere, 116 Ill. App. 3d at 943-44, 452 N.E.2d at 697 (holding that mental anguish damages were not recoverable under either a contract or negligence theory because plaintiffs complaint did not allege that defendants\u2019 breach of contract was intentional, reckless or wanton); Suppressed, 206 Ill. App. 3d at 925, 565 N.E.2d at 106 (holding that, absent any quantifiable injury resulting from the attorney\u2019s representation, plaintiffs emotional harm was insufficient to support an action for legal malpractice); Segall v. Berkson, 139 Ill. App. 3d 325, 331, 487 N.E.2d 752, 756 (1985) (holding that the zone of physical danger rule announced in Rickey v. Chicago Transit Authority, 98 Ill. 2d 546, 457 N.E.2d 1 (1983), was insufficient to provide a basis for recovery of damages for alleged emotional distress caused solely by the negligent performance of legal work).\nIn addition, plaintiffs reliance on Corgan v. Muehling, 143 Ill. 2d 296, 574 N.E.2d 602 (1991), is similarly misplaced. In Corgan, plaintiff sought to recover damages from her psychologist under a theory of negligent infliction of emotional distress after they engaged in sexual intercourse under the guise of treatment. As noted in Doe, our supreme court found that the nature of the therapist-patient relationship gives rise to the duty on the part of the therapist to refrain from activity that carries a foreseeable and unreasonable risk of causing emotional or mental harm to a patient. Doe, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 128, 681 N.E.2d at 648, citing Corgan, 143 Ill. 2d at 307, 574 N.E.2d at 607. However, \u201c[w]e do not read Corgan so broadly as to support the notion that, by breaching a contract, even under circumstances evincing culpable negligence, one necessarily becomes liable in tort merely because the nonbreaching party suffers some emotional distress as a consequence of the breach.\u201d Doe, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 127, 681 N.E.2d at 648. Rather, in Brogan v. Mitchell International, Inc., 181 Ill. 2d 178, 185, 692 N.E.2d 276, 278 (1998), our supreme court indicated that there exists no broad duty to avoid misrepresentations that cause only emotional distress, thereby limiting the holding in Corgan.\nIn Brogan, a former employee sued his employer for negligent misrepresentations during his employment that allegedly resulted in severe emotional harm. The trial court dismissed all of plaintiff\u2019s claims, and the appellate court relied on Corgan to hold that the allegation of severe emotional distress was sufficient to establish the physical injury necessary to support a duty to convey accurate information. See Brogan v. Mitchell International, Inc., No. 1 \u2014 95\u20140235 (1996) (unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23). In reversing the appellate court decision, our supreme court explained that, in Corgan, the very nature of the therapist-patient relationship gives rise to a duty to avoid activity that might result in emotional or mental harm. Brogan, 181 Ill. 2d at 184, 692 N.E.2d at 278. The court further recognized, however, that Corgan could not be taken to expand the scope of the tort of negligent misrepresentation beyond its normal boundaries. Brogan, 181 Ill. 2d at 184, 692 N.E.2d at 278. Rather, \u201c[t]he limited nature of negligent misrepresentation liability serves to preserve the proper sphere of contractual-based recovery and prevents the creation of tort liability which could unduly impede the flow of communication in society.\u201d Brogan, 181 Ill. 2d at 185, 692 N.E.2d at 278. Similarly, we agree here that Corgan should not be read to suggest that legal malpractice claims sounding in contract should give rise to emotional distress claims.\nIn our view, the law firm in the case at bar acted to protect plaintiff\u2019s interests by obtaining a settlement that released and disclaimed him of liability, while requiring no contribution on his part. The law firm concedes that the failure to notify plaintiff of the settlement agreement may have been a mistake; however, we cannot say that such a mistake was so egregious as to warrant noneconomic damages. Cf. Gautum v. De Luca, 215 N.J. Super. 388, 521 A.2d 1343 (1987). In the alternative, however, plaintiff contends that the damages for which plaintiff sought compensation were economic in nature, as his \u201clost book writing opportunity\u201d was compensable in tort as a direct pecuniary loss from an intangible property interest. See Yates v. Muir, 130 Ill. App. 3d 604, 609, 474 N.E.2d 934, 937 (1985), rev\u2019d on other grounds, 112 Ill. 2d 205, 492 N.E.2d 1267 (1986). The lower court rejected this argument, finding that such a loss was noneconomic in nature. We agree.\nUpon questioning by the lower court, plaintiff recognized that the publisher did not take an opportunity away from plaintiff because of any loss of reputation caused by the reporting of the settlement. In fact, the publisher continually asked plaintiff to write the book. Plaintiff, however, could not complete the book due to alleged emotional distress caused from the settlement of the Bass lawsuit. Therefore, in our view, the \u201clost book writing opportunity\u201d was plaintiffs way of quantifying emotional distress damages for which we have previously held the law firm in the instant case cannot be liable. See Doe, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 130, 651 N.E.2d at 650.\nII\nFollowing plaintiffs employment of Cornfield & Feldman, Cook County Hospital mailed a retraction to the Department of Professional Regulation regarding plaintiffs actions in connection with the Bass lawsuit. As such, plaintiff contends that the jury verdict, awarding plaintiff $1 in damages, was against the manifest weight of the evidence because \u201cno reasonable juror could have failed to conclude that [plaintiff] was at least entitled to $720, the cost of obtaining a retraction from Cook County Hospital.\u201d\nThe standard of review of a jury verdict is whether the verdict is against the manifest weight of the evidence. NWI International, Inc. v. Edgewood Bank, 291 Ill. App. 3d 247, 259, 684 N.E.2d 401, 409 (1997). And, it is unquestionable that damages are within the discretion of the jury, as they present a question of fact. Snover v. McGraw, 172 Ill. 2d 438, 447, 667 N.E.2d 1310, 1315 (1996). Therefore, as the jury is free to determine the credibility of witnesses and to assess the weight accorded to their testimony (Maple v. Gustafson, 151 Ill. 2d 445, 452, 603 N.E.2d 508, 511-12 (1992)), a reviewing court will affirm verdicts, however low, which are sustained by evidence or the absence of particular evidence. Buttita v. Stenberg, 246 Ill. App. 3d 1012, 1022, 617 N.E.2d 122, 128 (1993).\nIn the instant case, it is undisputed that the law firm had the authority to dispose of the Bass action by settlement without plaintiffs approval even had plaintiff been notified by the law firm prior to the offer of settlement. See Cook County Ordinances \u00a7\u00a7 22 through 24 (eff. November 3, 1986). Accordingly, the question before the jury was whether the law firm\u2019s failure to notify plaintiff made it liable for legal malpractice despite the settlement. See Hanumadass v. Coffield, Ungaretti & Harris, Ltd., No. 1 \u2014 93\u20141589 (1994) (unpublished order under Supreme Court Rule 23). Following trial, the jury answered the question in the affirmative.\nNonetheless, plaintiff argues that he should be entitled to more than $1 in damages, as he paid Cornfield & Feldman $720 for its efforts in obtaining a retraction from Cook County Hospital regarding the disability report. No evidence was presented, however, that the law firm caused the disability report upon which plaintiffs emotional distress claims were based to be sent to the Department prior to the hospital\u2019s retraction. Rather, pursuant to the Medical Practice Act, upon settlement or final judgment in plaintiffs favor from an action grounded in an allegation that the person licensed thereunder was negligent in providing care, a disability report is to be automatically sent to the disciplinary board so that an investigation into formal disciplinary proceedings under section 36 of the Act (225 ILCS 60/36 (West 1998)) can be held, except as otherwise provided by law. 225 ILCS 60/22 (West 1998). In the absence of evidence that, but for the law firm\u2019s failure to notify plaintiff of the settlement agreement, plaintiffs reputation would have remained intact, it is our view that the jury reasonably could have concluded that plaintiff suffered no actual, quantifiable damages as a result of the legal malpractice of the law firm. Accordingly, we cannot find that the jury\u2019s verdict was against the manifest weight of the evidence. See NWI, 291 Ill. App. 3d at 259, 684 N.E.2d at 409.\nFor the foregoing reasons, the decision of the circuit court is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nGORDON and McNULTY, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE COUSINS" } ], "attorneys": [ "Deidre Baumann, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Theodore E. Harman, of Ungaretti & Harris, of Chicago, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "MARELLA HANUMADASS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. COFFIELD, UNGARETTI AND HARRIS, Defendant-Appellee.\nFirst District (2nd Division)\nNo. 1\u201498\u20143275\nOpinion filed December 28, 1999.\nDeidre Baumann, of Chicago, for appellant.\nTheodore E. Harman, of Ungaretti & Harris, of Chicago, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0094-01", "first_page_order": 112, "last_page_order": 121 }