{ "id": 140290, "name": "THE CITY OF TUSCOLA, Petitioner, v. ILLINOIS STATE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD et al., Respondents", "name_abbreviation": "City of Tuscola v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board", "decision_date": "2000-06-30", "docket_number": "No. 4\u201499\u20140776", "first_page": "731", "last_page": "738", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "314 Ill. App. 3d 731" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "531 N.E.2d 1371", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1376" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "177 Ill. App. 3d 153", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3622404 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "161" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/177/0153-01" ] }, { "cite": "522 N.E.2d 292", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "298" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "167 Ill. App. 3d 927", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3472705 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "937" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/167/0927-01" ] }, { "cite": "713 N.E.2d 745", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "749-50", "parenthetical": "citing Du Page Area Vocational Educational Authority v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 167 Ill. App. 3d 927, 937, 522 N.E.2d 292, 298 (1988), as precedent for considering certain factors when determining a \"community of interest\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "305 Ill. App. 3d 827", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1208047 ], "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "834", "parenthetical": "citing Du Page Area Vocational Educational Authority v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 167 Ill. App. 3d 927, 937, 522 N.E.2d 292, 298 (1988), as precedent for considering certain factors when determining a \"community of interest\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/305/0827-01" ] }, { "cite": "695 N.E.2d 1332", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1336-37", "parenthetical": "for guidance in interpreting section 2(o) of Educational Labor Act, the court turned to the identical provision, section 3(j), of the Public Labor Act" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "296 Ill. App. 3d 785", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 222642 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "791-92", "parenthetical": "for guidance in interpreting section 2(o) of Educational Labor Act, the court turned to the identical provision, section 3(j), of the Public Labor Act" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/296/0785-01" ] }, { "cite": "491 N.E.2d 1259", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1261" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "142 Ill. App. 3d 527", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3451912 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "530" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/142/0527-01" ] }, { "cite": "526 N.E.2d 149", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "152" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "123 Ill. 2d 216", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5551024 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "221" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/123/0216-01" ] }, { "cite": "595 N.E.2d 1068", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1070" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "149 Ill. 2d 281", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5599823 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "285" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/149/0281-01" ] }, { "cite": "653 N.E.2d 411", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 6, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "414" }, { "page": "415" }, { "page": "415" }, { "page": "415" }, { "page": "415" }, { "page": "416" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "273 Ill. App. 3d 648", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 258502 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "651" }, { "page": "652" }, { "page": "652" }, { "page": "653" }, { "page": "653" }, { "page": "654" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/273/0648-01" ] }, { "cite": "708 N.E.2d 548", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "552" }, { "page": "553" }, { "page": "553" }, { "page": "554" }, { "page": "555" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "303 Ill. App. 3d 735", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 511390 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "741" }, { "page": "741" }, { "page": "742" }, { "page": "743" }, { "page": "744-45" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/303/0735-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 805, "char_count": 18730, "ocr_confidence": 0.762, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.5685263184497042e-07, "percentile": 0.6782573038041986 }, "sha256": "bb2a8f3b015fba7393c39940e0e4d98d35bf98fcdb5263da24e117ffb6e66cb9", "simhash": "1:2a9819e720c78f44", "word_count": 3038 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:48:47.280070+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE CITY OF TUSCOLA, Petitioner, v. ILLINOIS STATE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD et al., Respondents." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE STEIGMANN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nIn June 1999, the Illinois State Labor Relations Board (Public Labor Board) granted a representation and certification petition filed by the Policemen\u2019s Benevolent Labor Committee (Union), seeking to represent a bargaining unit of all full-time and part-time police officers of the City of Tuscola (City). City of Tuscola, 15 Pub. Employee Rep. (Ill.) par. 2034, No. S \u2014 RC\u201499\u201464 (Illinois State Labor Relations Board, June 29, 1999). The City petitions for administrative review, arguing that the Public Labor Board does not have jurisdiction over the City. We agree and reverse.\nI. BACKGROUND\nIn January 1999, the Union filed its representation and certification petition with the Public Labor Board, pursuant to the Illinois Public Labor Relations Act (Public Labor Act) (5 ILCS 315/1 et seq. (West 1998)) and its rules and regulations (80 Ill. Adm. Code \u00a7\u00a7 1200.10 through 1230.220 (1997)). The Union sought to represent a bargaining unit of all full-time and part-time sworn police officers of the City below the rank of chief of police.\nIn March 1999, the City filed a motion to dismiss the Union\u2019s petition, asserting that the Public Labor Board lacks jurisdiction because the City is a municipality with fewer than 35 employees, the threshold jurisdictional requirement under section 20(b) of the Public Labor Act. 5 ILCS 315/20(b) (West 1998). Later that month, an administrative law judge (ALJ) conducted a hearing on the City\u2019s motion to determine whether various City employees were \u201cemployees\u201d or \u201cshort-term employees\u201d under the Public Labor Act (5 ILCS 315/3(n), (q) (West 1998)). \u201cShort-term employees\u201d are not counted as \u201cemployees\u201d under section 20(b) of the Public Labor Act. 5 ILCS 315/20(b) (West 1998).\nAt the hearing, city administrator Drew Hoel and councilpersons Phyllis Truitt and Boyd Henderson testified for the City. A summary of their testimony pertinent to this appeal follows.\nThe City operates a swimming pool from Memorial Day to Labor Day each year. The City employs part-time lifeguards, pool maintenance workers, concession workers, cashiers, and workers identified only as \u201cbasket workers\u201d for the summer season. Most pool employees are students who work part-time hours because of their other jobs and commitments. Pool employees are paid on an hourly basis.\nEach spring, the City solicits applicants for pool positions by placing an ad in the local newspaper. The City requires rehires and new applicants to follow the same application procedure. Interviews are not required for new applicants or rehires.\nA committee of the city council makes all hiring decisions. After the application deadline, the committee meets with the pool manager to review the applications and considers (1) whether the applicant lives in town; (2) whether the applicant has lifeguard certification; and (3) regarding an applicant who had previously worked at the pool, the pool manager\u2019s recommendation. The pool manager tells the committee whether the applicant (1) was a good worker, (2) was reliable, and (3) had a good attitude.\nEach witness testified that pool employees were not told that they would automatically be rehired in subsequent years. Members of the hiring committee neither made commitments nor took affirmative acts to indicate to pool employees that they would be rehired in the future. Although some former pool employees were not rehired, most were rehired if they reapplied. Some worked at the pool for four or five consecutive summers.\nThe Union presented no evidence that contradicted this testimony, and no pool employees testified.\nIn May 1999, the ALJ issued his recommended decision and order. The ALJ found, in pertinent part, that 21 pool employees had a reasonable assurance of being rehired and therefore were not short-term employees, as defined in section 3(q) of the Public Labor Act. 5 ILCS 315/3(q) (West 1998). Thus, the ALJ concluded that because the City employs more than 35 employees, the Public Labor Board had jurisdiction over the City.\nIn June 1999, the Public Labor Board adopted the ALJ\u2019s findings of fact and conclusions of law. It then granted the Union\u2019s petition and directed that a representation election be held. This appeal followed.\nII. ANALYSIS\nA. Standard of Review\nThe Administrative Review Law (735 ILCS 5/3 \u2014 101 et seq. (West 1998)) governs judicial review of the Public Labor Board\u2019s decision and extends to all questions of law and fact presented by the record. 5 ILCS 315/9(i) (West 1998); Northwest Mosquito Abatement District v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board, 303 Ill. App. 3d 735, 741, 708 N.E.2d 548, 552 (1999). We will reverse the Public Labor Board\u2019s decision only if we conclude that it was contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence. Under the manifest weight standard, the Public Labor Board\u2019s findings of fact are prima facie true and correct. The decision is against the manifest weight of the evidence only if the opposite conclusion is clearly evident. Northwest Mosquito, 303 Ill. App. 3d at 741, 708 N.E.2d at 553.\nThe Public Labor Board\u2019s conclusions of law, however, are not entitled to the same deference, and we review them de novo. When mixed questions of law and fact are involved, the Public Labor Board\u2019s resolution of such questions will be upheld if \u201creasonable, consistent with labor law[,] and based on findings supported by substantial evidence.\u201d Northwest Mosquito, 303 Ill. App. 3d at 742, 708 N.E.2d at 553. \u201cGenerally, courts will accord deference to the interpretation placed on a statute by the agency charged with its administration and enforcement. However, an agency\u2019s statutory interpretation is not binding on a reviewing court, and will be rejected, if unreasonable or erroneous.\u201d William Rainey Harper Community College 512 v. Harper College Adjunct Faculty Ass\u2019n, 273 Ill. App. 3d 648, 651, 653 N.E.2d 411, 414 (1995), citing Press v. Code Enforcement Board of Appeals, 149 Ill. 2d 281, 285, 595 N.E.2d 1068, 1070 (1992). This case presents a mixed question of law and fact.\nB. The Status of the City\u2019s Pool Employees\nThe City contends that its pool employees are \u201cshort-term employees,\u201d as that term is defined in section 3(q) of the Public Labor Act. 5 ILCS 315/3(q) (West 1998). We agree.\nSection 3(q) of the Public Labor Act defines a short-term employee as \u201can employee who is employed for less than 2 consecutive calendar quarters during a calendar year and who does not have a reasonable assurance that he or she will be rehired by the same employer for the same service in a subsequent calendar year.\u201d (Emphasis added.) 5 ILCS 315/3(q) (West 1998). The parties do not dispute that pool employees are employed for less than two consecutive calendar quarters. The essence of the parties\u2019 dispute is whether the Public Labor Board correctly determined that the pool employees are not short-term employees because they have a reasonable assurance that they will be rehired in subsequent summers. The City maintains that pool employees receive no such assurance.\n1. The Precedential Value of the Harper College Case\nIn Harper College, this court was called upon to interpret section 2(q) of the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Act (Educational Labor Act) (115 ILCS 5/2(q) (West 1998)), which is identical to section 3(q) of the Public Labor Act. There, the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board (Educational Labor Board) concluded that adjunct faculty members were \u201cshort-term employees\u201d of Harper Community College (College) pursuant to section 2(q) of the Educational Labor Act. 115 ILCS 5/2(q) (West 1992). According to the Educational Labor Board, if the College hired an adjunct faculty member to perform the same job for at least one semester in each of three consecutive years, he or she had a reasonable assurance of rehire for the same service in a later calendar year. Harper College, 273 Ill. App. 3d at 652, 653 N.E.2d at 415. This court disagreed with the Educational Labor Board and wrote the following:\n\u201cThe Board\u2019s interpretation confuses \u2018expectations\u2019 with \u2018assurance.\u2019 An \u2018expectation\u2019 is an employee\u2019s subjective belief that he will be rehired. An \u2018assurance\u2019 requires more than mere expectations. An \u2018assurance\u2019 implies some affirmative act by the employer to demonstrate that it intends to rehire an employee, like a contract or oral representation. \u2018Reasonable assurance is not quite a guarantee, but almost.\u2019 \u201d Harper College, 273 Ill. App. 3d at 652, 653 N.E.2d at 415, quoting City of Rushville, 8 Pub. Employee Rep. (Ill.) par. 2042, at X \u2014 253, No. S~RC \u2014 92\u201466 (Illinois State Labor Relations Board August 25, 1992).\nThe evidence in Harper College indicated that the College did not assure adjunct faculty members that they would ever be rehired. Moreover, the College informed adjunct faculty members that (1) their assignments could be canceled at any time, and (2) they had no right to reassignment. The Educational Labor Board argued that these disclaimers did not negate the existence of a reasonable assurance of reemployment based on \u201cactual practice.\u201d Harper College, 273 Ill. App. 3d at 653, 653 N.E.2d at 415.\nWe noted in Harper College that a contractual disclaimer is not a per se bar to finding a reasonable assurance of rehire. Despite disclaimers, an employer could, through oral or other representations, provide an employee with a reasonable assurance that he or she would be rehired. Harper College, 273 Ill. App. 3d at 653, 653 N.E.2d at 415. However, we concluded that the record contained no evidence that the College had ever offered adjunct faculty any assurance that they would be rehired in the future.\nThe Public Labor Board questions the precedential value of Harper College because the Educational Labor Board has not used the same five-part test that the Public Labor Board uses to determine the existence of a \u201creasonable assurance.\u201d For the reasons that follow, we conclude that Harper College applies.\nThe General Assembly enacted the Educational Labor Act and the Public Labor Act during the same legislative session, and \u201c[t]he two acts together were an attempt to provide \u2018a comprehensive regulatory scheme for public sector bargaining in Illinois.\u2019 \u201d Board of Education of Community School District No. 1 v. Compton, 123 Ill. 2d 216, 221, 526 N.E.2d 149, 152 (1988), quoting Chicago Board of Education v. Chicago Teachers Union, 142 Ill. App. 3d 527, 530, 491 N.E.2d 1259, 1261 (1986). Illinois courts frequently look to cases decided under the Educational Labor Act when addressing issues under the Public Labor Act and vice versa. See, e.g., Chicago Teachers Union v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 296 Ill. App. 3d 785, 791-92, 695 N.E.2d 1332, 1336-37 (1998) (for guidance in interpreting section 2(o) of Educational Labor Act, the court turned to the identical provision, section 3(j), of the Public Labor Act); County of Peoria v. Illinois State Labor Relations Board, 305 Ill. App. 3d 827, 834, 713 N.E.2d 745, 749-50 (1999) (citing Du Page Area Vocational Educational Authority v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 167 Ill. App. 3d 927, 937, 522 N.E.2d 292, 298 (1988), as precedent for considering certain factors when determining a \u201ccommunity of interest\u201d). Section 15.1 of the Public Labor Act (5 ILCS 315/15.1 (West 1998)), directing the Public Labor Board to consider the decisions of other labor boards as persuasive authority or precedent or both, suggests that the legislature intended uniform interpretation of these two acts. It logically follows that courts too should look to decisions under either act when faced with a question of statutory interpretation. The two acts promote similar goals, deal with similar legal concepts and terms, and attempt to provide a \u201ccomprehensive regulatory scheme.\u201d\nGiven the statutory framework discussed above, we see no reason to ignore the Harper College precedent for interpreting section 3(q) of the Public Labor Act. When the legislature uses identical language to define identical terms, absent evidence of a contrary intent, the only logical conclusion to be drawn is that the legislature intended that the two sections have the same meaning and be interpreted identically.\nAn administrative agency\u2019s interpretation of a statute is not binding on this court, and we will reject it when it is erroneous. Wapella Education Ass\u2019n v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board, 177 Ill. App. 3d 153, 161, 531 N.E.2d 1371, 1376 (1988). To the extent that the Public Labor Board\u2019s five-part test under section 3(q) of the Public Labor Act allows for a finding of \u201creasonable assurance\u201d based on an employee\u2019s subjective expectations absent any affirmative act on the employer\u2019s part, that test is contrary to law, and we reject it.\n2. Northwest Mosquito and the Board\u2019s Five-Part Test\nThe Board urges us to follow Northwest Mosquito, in which the First District Appellate Court used the Board\u2019s five-part test to determine that summer employees of the Northwest Mosquito Abatement District (District) had a reasonable assurance of rehire. The five-part test requires the following factors be considered: (1) whether any preference is given to those who have worked for the governing body in previous years; (2) whether the position requires a special license or certificate; (3) whether the individuals must reapply each year; (4) whether the employer has made any assurance or indicated that it will rehire the individual; and (5) the number of individuals rehired from year to year. Mosquito, 303 Ill. App. 3d at 743, 708 N.E.2d at 554.\nThe evidence in Mosquito showed that the summer employees were told that (1) if they did a good job they might be rehired, and (2) the application process would be far simpler for them than it was for new hires. In December of each year, the District mailed applications to 85% of its prior summer employees to solicit applications for the next summer season. This mailing occurred months before new applicants could apply and regardless of whether the former employees requested applications for summer work. The interview requirement was waived for applicants who had worked for the District the previous year. Rehires were paid more than new hires, and the job required a special license. Northwest Mosquito, 303 Ill. App. 3d at 744-45, 708 N.E.2d at 555. Analyzing these facts under the Board\u2019s five-part test, the court concluded that the District\u2019s summer employees had a reasonable assurance of being rehired.\nAs we already indicated, to the extent that the court in Northwest Mosquito based its decision on the expectations of the District\u2019s employees rather than the conduct of the District, we disagree with its analysis. More important, however, Northwest Mosquito is distinguishable from the case at bar on its facts. In Northwest Mosquito, the District took steps to assure summer employees that they would be rehired in subsequent years. The record contains no such evidence in the case at bar.\n3. The Evidence\nIn the May 1999 recommended decision and order, which the Public Labor Board adopted, the ALJ wrote: \u201c[t]he record establishes that the summer workers at the pool are aware of the City\u2019s policy that they will be rehired to work at the pool if they apply as long as they had a good attitude and did a good job.\u201d City of Tuscola, 15 Pub. Employee Rep. (Ill.) par. 2034, No. S \u2014 RC\u201499\u201464, at X \u2014 175 (Illinois State Labor Relations Board, May 21, 1999 (ALJ\u2019s recommended decision and order)). This finding is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.\nThe record contains no evidence that the City had any policy favoring former summer pool workers over other applicants. Pool employees had to go through the application process each year. No application requirements were waived, their applications were not solicited in advance, and they received the same pay as new hires. Most significantly, the record contains no evidence that any City employee ever made any statement or took any action that would provide pool employees with a reasonable assurance that they would be rehired.\nThe Public Labor Board argues that the City\u2019s conduct \u2014 that is, its rehiring of nearly every returning pool employee \u2014 \u201ceffectively told\u201d the employees that they had a reasonable assurance of rehire. The Public Labor Board urges us to hold that it may rely exclusively on the percentage of employees rehired each year to find that a \u201creasonable assurance of rehire\u201d exists, even in the absence of any actual assurance to rehire the employees in question. We decline to adopt a test that so clearly departs from the statutory language.\nAs this court explained in Harper College, the statutory definition of short-term employee gives rise to a two-part test. The first prong is based on the length of time an employee works for the employer \u2014 that is, less than two consecutive calendar quarters. The second prong, addressing whether the employee has a reasonable assurance of rehire, focuses on the relationship between the employer and the employee. In Harper College, we concluded that finding a \u201creasonable assurance\u201d based on successive rehiring essentially collapses the two prongs of section 2(q) of the Educational Labor Act (or section 3(q) of the Public Labor Act) into one. Harper College, 273 Ill. App. 3d at 654, 653 N.E.2d at 416. Likewise, to base a finding of \u201creasonable assurance\u201d on the number of employees rehired in successive years would negate any consideration of the nature of the employer-employee relationship and base the determination of short-term employment solely on the length of time the employee works for the employer.\nTo reiterate, we hold that a \u201creasonable assurance of rehire\u201d requires some evidence that the employer made some representation (of whatever nature) that the employee could reasonably construe as an \u201cassurance\u201d that he or she would be rehired at a later date. The Public Labor Board\u2019s finding that such assurance existed in this case was contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.\nIII. CONCLUSION\nFor the reasons stated, we reverse the Public Labor Board\u2019s decision.\nReversed.\nCOOK, P.J., and KNECHT, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE STEIGMANN" } ], "attorneys": [ "Gary R. Lietz (argued), of Lietz, Banner & Ford, of Champaign, and Emerson L. Moore, of Lemna, Moore & Carroll, of Tuscola, for petitioner.", "James E. Ryan, Attorney General (Joel D. Bertocchi, Solicitor General, and Karen J. Dimond (argued), Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), and Jacalyn J. Zimmerman, both of Chicago, for respondent Illinois State Labor Relations Board." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE CITY OF TUSCOLA, Petitioner, v. ILLINOIS STATE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD et al., Respondents.\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201499\u20140776\nArgued April 18, 2000.\nOpinion filed June 30, 2000.\nGary R. Lietz (argued), of Lietz, Banner & Ford, of Champaign, and Emerson L. Moore, of Lemna, Moore & Carroll, of Tuscola, for petitioner.\nJames E. Ryan, Attorney General (Joel D. Bertocchi, Solicitor General, and Karen J. Dimond (argued), Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), and Jacalyn J. Zimmerman, both of Chicago, for respondent Illinois State Labor Relations Board." }, "file_name": "0731-01", "first_page_order": 749, "last_page_order": 756 }