{ "id": 1096606, "name": "CENTURY-NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JAMES JOSEPH TRACY et al., Defendants and Petitioners-Appellees (Daniel G. Suber, Indiv. and d/b/a Daniel G. Suber and Associates, Respondent-Appellant); CENTURY-NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JAMES JOSEPH TRACY et al., Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Century-National Insurance v. Tracy", "decision_date": "2000-10-06", "docket_number": "Nos. 2-99-1257, 2-99-1289 cons.", "first_page": "639", "last_page": "652", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "316 Ill. App. 3d 639" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "298 Ill. App. 3d 103", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1073678 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "108-09" }, { "page": "109" }, { "page": "109" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/298/0103-01" ] }, { "cite": "127 Ill. 2d 61", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5564596 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "77" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/127/0061-01" ] }, { "cite": "230 Ill. App. 3d 40", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5210599 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "48" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/230/0040-01" ] }, { "cite": "245 Ill. App. 3d 926", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5384708 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "932" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/245/0926-01" ] }, { "cite": "308 Ill. App. 3d 825", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 261405 ], "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "830" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/308/0825-01" ] }, { "cite": "264 Ill. App. 3d 878", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 680592 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "885" }, { "page": "885" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/264/0878-01" ] }, { "cite": "275 Ill. App. 3d 452", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 906747 ], "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "460" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/275/0452-01" ] }, { "cite": "81 Ill. 2d 151", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5480949 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "154" }, { "page": "154" }, { "page": "154" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/81/0151-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1069, "char_count": 33655, "ocr_confidence": 0.741, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.1391400518003385e-07, "percentile": 0.5780253983919525 }, "sha256": "c829dd9fa5e159fc3e998d7179d0ebf917e51c65d3d5346fe8688d90227e7458", "simhash": "1:96a8caaa770188ff", "word_count": 5415 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:10:00.608787+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "CENTURY-NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JAMES JOSEPH TRACY et al., Defendants and Petitioners-Appellees (Daniel G. Suber, Indiv. and d/b/a Daniel G. Suber and Associates, Respondent-Appellant). \u2014 CENTURY-NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JAMES JOSEPH TRACY et al., Defendants-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE GALASSO\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff, Century-National Insurance Company (Century), brought a declaratory action against defendants, James Joseph Tracy (James), Debra Tracy (Debra), and CMDK Development Corporation (CMDK), alleging that James was not entitled to underinsured motorist benefits under a policy issued to CMDK. Century appeals from a directed finding entered by the trial court at the conclusion of Century\u2019s case and the award of Supreme Court Rule 137 (155 111. 2d R. 137) sanctions against Century and its attorney, Daniel S\u00faber.\nThe record on appeal reveals the following pertinent facts. CMDK was co-owned by James and his wife, Debra. They were the sole principals and employees of CMDK, which was owned and operated as a partnership. The record contains no evidence that, during the relevant period of time, CMDK was incorporated. In procuring a business auto insurance policy for a 1987 Chevy half-ton pickup truck (insured vehicle) allegedly owned by CMDK, certain information regarding the application for insurance was provided to several insurance agents/ brokers and, ultimately, to plaintiff. The application for insurance was signed by \u201cD. Tracy.\u201d Debra was the only driver listed on it. On September 28, 1993, plaintiff issued a business auto policy to CMDK that covered the insured vehicle. This policy provided comprehensive, liability, collision, medical payments, and uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage from September 28, 1993, to September 28, 1994. The policy was a named-driver policy and specifically required that all drivers of the covered vehicle be reported to plaintiff and endorsed on the policy.\nOn February 24, 1994, the driver of the insured vehicle was involved in a two-car accident in Aurora, Illinois. There were no passengers in the insured vehicle. The driver presented police with a driver\u2019s license that stated he was Kevin Tracy. The driver reported some injuries and was taken to Mercy Center Hospital. Ambulance records indicated that the driver told ambulance personnel that he was Kevin Tracy. X-ray records at Mercy Center Hospital showed that the name Kevin Tracy was crossed out in certain places and replaced with the name James Tracy. Laura Tijerna was the operator and sole occupant of the other vehicle involved in the subject accident. Subsequently, James filed a complaint for personal injuries against Tijerna arising out of the subject accident. Later, Tijerna, insured through Economy Preferred Insurance Company, paid James $50,000, the single-person limit of her policy, in settlement of the lawsuit.\nOn December 28, 1995, James filed a complaint against Century pursuant to the underinsured motorist provision of the policy for injuries he was alleged to have sustained in the subject traffic accident. On November 21, 1996, after the parties had failed to reach a settlement, James made a demand upon Century for arbitration, per terms of the policy. On March 3, 1998, Century filed a complaint for declaratory judgment against James and CMDK. This complaint sought a declaration that Century owed no obligations to defendants under the policy. The complaint alleged that defendants provided insufficient evidence that James Tracy, rather than Kevin Tracy, was involved in the subject accident and that defendants had misrepresented that James was the individual involved in the accident.\nOn April 3, 1998, Century filed a first amended complaint, in which Debra was added as a defendant. Counts I and II realleged that defendants provided insufficient evidence that James was the individual involved in the accident. In counts III, and V, Century alleged that Debra had materially misrepresented CMDK as being a corporate entity for the purposes of obtaining insurance and had materially omitted the fact that James, an unlicensed motorist, was the true owner and driver of the truck.\nOn January 20, 1999, an evidentiary hearing was held on counts I and II of the first amended complaint. Arguments related to the allegations in counts III, FV^ and V of Debra\u2019s misrepresentation of CMDK\u2019s corporate status, her omission of information related to James\u2019s status as an unlicensed driver, and his operation of the insured vehicle were reserved for a hearing on June 2, 1999. At the close of Century\u2019s case at the January 20 hearing, the trial court granted defendants\u2019 oral motion for a directed finding.\nOn April 16, 1999, Century filed a second amended complaint for declaratory judgment. Therein, Century realleged that Debra had misrepresented CMDK as being a corporation. Further, Century alleged that Debra materially omitted James\u2019s name from the insurance application and that James was a nonpermissive user of the insured vehicle.\nOn June 2, 1999, a hearing was held as to the remaining counts of Century\u2019s second amended complaint. After Century completed its case in chief, wherein it unsuccessfully attempted to introduce evidence that James had provided the information used in completing the application for insurance, the trial court granted defendants\u2019 motion for a directed finding. On August 5, 1999, Century filed a motion for leave to file a third amended complaint to include allegations that James had misrepresented CMDK as being a corporation, that James had materially omitted his name from being a named driver of the insured vehicle, and that defendants had violated the terms of the policy because James, who did not have a valid driver\u2019s license at the time of the accident, had no reasonable belief that he was entitled to drive the insured vehicle. The trial court continued the matter until October 14, 1999, ordering Century to file a petition pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 183 (134 111. 2d R. 183) explaining therein why it should be permitted to file an amended complaint after the requisite filing date. On October 14, 1999, the trial court denied the motion for leave to file a third amended complaint.\nOn July 2, 1999, defendants filed a motion for Rule 137 (155 111. 2d R. 137) sanctions against Century and its attorney, Daniel S\u00faber. On July 15, 1999, Century filed a cross-motion for Rule 137 sanctions against defendants and their attorneys. After a hearing on October 14-15, 1999, the trial court awarded defendants $2,000 in sanctions against Century and its attorney, Daniel S\u00faber, and denied the cross-motion for sanctions.\nOn appeal, plaintiff raises the following arguments, namely, (1) whether the trial court\u2019s directed finding that James, rather than Kevin Tracy, his brother, was driving the insured vehicle at the time of an accident on February 24, 1994, was against the manifest weight of the evidence; (2) whether the trial court abused its discretion in barring evidence that James made false representations in applying for the subject insurance policy; (3) whether the trial court\u2019s directed finding of June 2, 1999, was against the manifest weight of the evidence; (4) whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying Century leave to file a third amended complaint; (5) whether the trial court abused its discretion in awarding Rule 137 sanctions; and (6) whether the trial court abused its discretion in compelling disclosure of and admitting into evidence a letter from plaintiffs attorney S\u00faber to Century concerning the pending litigation. Due to our determinations of issues 1, 2, and 5, discussed below, we do not need to address issues 3, 4, and 6.\nCentury first argues that the trial court\u2019s directed finding of January 20, 1999, that James rather than Kevin Tracy was the driver of the insured vehicle was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Defendants respond that the evidence clearly supported the trial court\u2019s directed finding.\nInitially, we note that in such cases the court of review must determine whether the trial court erred in deciding that plaintiff failed to show a prima facie case. Kokinis v. Kotrich, 81 Ill. 2d 151, 154 (1980). A prima facie case is one in which the plaintiff has presented at least some evidence on every element essential to its cause of action. Kokinis, 81 Ill. 2d at 154. A trial court\u2019s decision on this matter will not be reversed unless it is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence. Kokinis, 81 Ill. 2d at 154.\nOn January 20, 1999, an evidentiary hearing was held in regard to counts I and II of the first amended complaint, which sounded in misrepresentation and asserted that James\u2019s action for underinsured motorist coverage was not supported by the evidence. Specifically, these counts alleged that the individual driving the insured vehicle was in fact Kevin Tracy, the brother of James. Laura Tijerna, the driver of the other vehicle involved in the collision, positively identified Kevin Tracy in open court as the driver and sole occupant of the insured vehicle at the time of the accident. She stated that she had independently identified Kevin Tracy as the driver and sole occupant of the insured vehicle while she waited outside the courtroom before the start of the proceedings. Aurora police officer Brian Hester, the first police officer to arrive at the scene of the accident, testified that he was \u201c90% sure\u201d that Kevin Tracy was the driver and sole occupant of the insured vehicle. Further, ambulance and emergency room records indicated that Kevin Tracy was transported by ambulance to Mercy Center Hospital\u2019s emergency room, where he received medical treatment. Certain records from Mercy Center Hospital showed that Kevin Tracy\u2019s name had been crossed out and James\u2019s name substituted for it.\nAdditionally, Dr. Jeffrey Kapp, a dentist who had been in general practice for over 20 years, testified that he had reviewed the X rays of the driver of the insured vehicle taken immediately after the accident at Mercy Center Hospital. Dr. Kapp stated that the Mercy Center Hospital records gave no indication as to why dental X rays were taken. He opined that these X rays were of such poor quality that they were of no diagnostic value. Dr. Kapp stated that he reviewed James\u2019s dental X rays that had been taken three or four years prior to the accident. According to Dr. Kapp, those portions of the hospital\u2019s dental X rays that were readable, when compared to James\u2019s previous dental X rays, did not appear to reflect the same dental conditions as those that existed in his previous dental X rays.\nIn order to accommodate the schedule of defendants\u2019 expert witness, Dr. Stefan Turcic, the trial court permitted defendants to present his testimony during Century\u2019s case. Dr. Turcic stated that he had been James\u2019s dentist since 1992. He stated that both the X rays he had taken of James\u2019s mouth and the dental X rays taken at Mercy Center Hospital showed crowns at teeth numbers 8 and 9. He further testified that he had inspected the mouth of Kevin Tracy in the hallway of the courthouse just prior to the hearing. According to Dr. Turcic, the cursory inspection indicated that Kevin Tracy did not have crowns on teeth numbers 8 and 9. Dr. Turcic opined that the dental X rays taken at Mercy Center Hospital depicted James Tracy rather than Kevin Tracy.\nAt the end of Century\u2019s case, defendants orally moved for a directed finding. The trial court stated inter alia:\n\u201cOn one level there is eyewitness testimony in the case of Miss Tijerna, a positive identification of Kevin as the operator of the vehicle, in the case of the police officer, Officer Hester, a somewhat equivocal, but fairly strong identification. On the other hand, the plaintiff [sz'c] has established that the person who was driving the automobile had two crowns, two posts in his two front teeth, teeth number 8 and 9 as the dentist identified those teeth. That is irrebuttable and unrelated. It is also unrebuttable [sic] and irrefutable that James has two such posts and two such crowns, although there might be some distinction as to whether his were the screw type or not, but he has two. It is also absolutely unrebutted that Kevin does not.\u201d\nCentury first points out that the trial court, in granting the motion for a directed finding, relied on Dr. Turcic\u2019s testimony and that normally such testimony would have been presented during the defendant\u2019s case. Century maintains that it was improper for the trial court to use such evidence in determining whether plaintiff had presented a prima facie case. Plaintiff further contends that the circumstantial evidence of the driver\u2019s identity should not have been considered by the trial court where there was \u201cuncontradicted, reasonable and unimpeached direct testimony of the eyewitnesses who identified the driver.\u201d In response, defendants argue that the trial court properly granted a directed finding, as the testimony of Laura Tijerna and Officer Hester was equivocal and the testimony of Dr. Turcic was \u201csignificant and relevant.\u201d\nThe issue is whether plaintiff presented enough evidence to make a prima facie case that should have withstood a motion for a directed finding. Contrary to defendants\u2019 assertion and the trial court\u2019s perspective, we do not find the testimony of Ms. Tijerna and Officer Hester particularly equivocal. Officer Hester said he was 90% sure that Kevin was driving the vehicle, and Ms. Tijerna was quite emphatic that Kevin, rather than James, was the driver. Additionally, the records of the ambulance and the Mercy Center Hospital emergency room list the name of Kevin Tracy as the person being transported and treated, respectively. This was more than enough evidence to meet the prima facie standard. However, the trial court did not base its determination of whether the standard had been met on such evidence. Rather, in ruling on the motion for a directed finding, it considered the testimony of Dr. Turcic, whose appearance on defendants\u2019 behalf was taken out of order to accommodate his schedule. Section 2 \u2014 1110 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 1110 (West 1992)) provides in pertinent part, \u201cIn all cases tried without a jury, defendant may, at the close of plaintiff\u2019s case, move for a finding or judgment in his or her favor.\u201d (Emphasis added.) While the parties have not cited a case directly on point, nor has our research uncovered one, we conclude that the plain meaning of this statute is that only the evidence presented by plaintiff will be considered by the trial court in deciding a motion for a directed finding. By failing to follow the proper procedure in deciding the subject motion, the trial court \u201cjumped to the end of the evidence,\u201d essentially depriving plaintiff of any opportunity to put on a rebuttal case. Accordingly, we find that the trial court erred in granting defendants\u2019 motion for a directed finding and remand this cause of action for further proceedings.\nHowever, that is not the end of our consideration of the issues raised by plaintiff, as the trial court made other rulings that affected plaintiffs ability to pursue fully this case.\nCentury further argues that the trial court erred in denying its motion to file a third amended complaint. In effect, Century\u2019s argument regarding the trial court\u2019s denial of its efforts at the June 2, 1999, hearing to conform the pleadings to the proof is subsumed by this argument, and, thus, we will address only the contention concerning the denial of the motion for leave to file the third amended complaint. Century maintains that it meets all of the four factors of the test for determining whether a complaint should be amended. In response, defendants argue that the trial court acted properly in refusing to allow Century leave to file its third amended complaint.\nThere is no absolute right to amend a pleading. Lake County Grading Co. of Libertyville, Inc. v. Advance Mechanical Contractors, Inc., 275 Ill. App. 3d 452, 460 (1995). However, amendments to pleadings should be liberally allowed to permit parties to present fully their causes of actions. Jeffrey M. Goldberg & Associates, Ltd. v. Collins Tuttle & Co., 264 Ill. App. 3d 878, 885 (1994). Moreover, there is a strong policy that favors an adequate hearing of a litigant\u2019s claim on the merits. Goldberg, 264 Ill. App. 3d at 885. In determining whether to permit an amendment to the pleadings, a trial court considers (1) whether the amendment cured a defective pleading; (2) whether the amendment prejudiced or surprised the other parties; (3) whether the amendment was timely; and (4) whether previous opportunities to amend were identifiable. Reich v. Gendreau, 308 Ill. App. 3d 825, 830 (1999). The decision to allow amendment of the pleadings rests within the sound discretion of the trial court, and its decision will not be reversed absent a showing of an abuse of that discretion. Indiana Insurance Corp. v. Hydra Corp., 245 Ill. App. 3d 926, 932 (1993). The test to be applied in determining whether there has been an abuse of discretion is whether the allowance of the amendment furthers the ends of justice. Ray Dancer, Inc. v. DMC Corp., 230 Ill. App. 3d 40, 48 (1992).\nAs indicated above, Century filed its second amended complaint on April 16, 1999. Therein, Century realleged that Debra had misrepresented CMDK as being a corporation. Additionally, Century alleged that Debra had materially omitted James\u2019s name from the insurance application and that James was a nonpermissive user of the insured vehicle. On June 2, 1999, an evidentiary hearing was held on the remaining counts of the second amended complaint. In his opening statement, Century\u2019s counsel stated that the evidence would show that (1) the subject insurance application was completed by agent Mike Trojanowski based upon information given to him by James; (2) Trojanowski, who was aware of James\u2019s prior driving record, warned him that the policy\u2019s coverage would not include him; (3) James had not been a licensed driver in Illinois since 1980; (4) James had been cited twice for driving with a revoked license; (5) the subject policy was a named-driver policy; and (6) there was no information about James on the application or accompanying documents conveyed to Century. In his opening statement, counsel for defendants argued that \u201c[Century\u2019s] case is based on omissions and misrepresentations made by James.\u201d Defense counsel then moved for a directed finding, arguing that the second amended complaint made reference only to Debra. The trial court denied the motion, adding that defense counsel was free to object on the grounds of materiality and relevance \u201cto the extent that any proofs that are adduced which are inconsistent with the theory framed by the pleadings.\u201d\nInsurance agent Mike Trojanowski was then called to testify for Century. Trojanowski initially testified that he had been defendants\u2019 insurance agent for approximately eight years. He stated that he had written the subject Century-National policy down. When Century sought to elicit testimony regarding statements made to him by James regarding the application for insurance, defense counsel objected, stating that no such allegations were in the second amended complaint. The trial court sustained the objection, finding that the complaint\u2019s allegations of misrepresentation related to Debra rather than James. Century made an offer of proof, wherein Trojanowski testified regarding the conversation he had with James during the application process. Trojanowski acknowledged that James gave him the information regarding the policy\u2019s coverage, including the type of vehicle and the \u201ctype of risk it is.\u201d According to Trojanowski, James stated that he needed coverage \u201cfor a job or something like that.\u201d Trojanowski told James that he couldn\u2019t insure him because he knew he didn\u2019t have a license. \u201cSo we [put Debra on the application],\u201d Trojanowski testified, \u201c[a]nd then I *** suggested that he go out and get a license pretty quick, you know.\u201d Trojanowski could not recall whether James or Debra signed the application. Century\u2019s counsel moved to conform its complaint to the proofs. The trial court denied the motion.\nFurther, Thomas Zaura testified that he was an \u201cinsurance underwriter, commercial line,\u201d for the Buschback Insurance Agency of Oak Lawn, Illinois. Zaura testified that he was contacted by Trojanowski regarding the subject application for insurance. Zaura explained that, in this instance, Trojanowski was acting as a broker. He further stated that Trojanowski \u201chad no particular authority with any of the companies\u201d that Zaura was using, although Zaura himself did. Subsequently, the trial court sustained defense counsel\u2019s objection to questions concerning the conversation Zaura had with Trojanowski in relation to the insurance application. In an offer of proof, Zaura stated that he was told by Trojanowski that the insured would be CMDK Corporation and that the only named driver was Debra. There was no request for James to be included as a driver under the policy. Zaura testified that he did not convey any information about James to Century because he \u201cdidn\u2019t know of a James Tracy.\u201d\nWendell Langman testified that he was a \u201ccommercial auto manager\u201d with Century. Langman stated that the subject policy was a \u201cnamed-driver\u201d policy and that \u201cthe insured agrees to report all drivers to the company before they drive vehicles scheduled on this policy.\u201d Defense counsel objected to the questions that asked Langman to interpret the language of the subject policy. In an offer of proof, Lang-man stated that the policy\u2019s guidelines contained provisions that required all drivers to have a valid Illinois driver\u2019s license and that all drivers must be appropriately licensed for the type of vehicle driven. On cross-examination, Langman was asked if this policy extended coverage to unreported drivers who were using a vehicle with the permission of the insured. Langman responded that, under the policy, coverage did not extend to an unreported driver who was using the vehicle with permission. Later, Langman conceded that he would consider a co-owner of CMDK to be a named insured under the policy. On redirect examination, Langman testified that, if the subject insurance application did not list James as a driver, then Century would not have any means of determining the risk identified with him.\nDebra testified that she was the sole owner of \u201cCMDK Construction Incorporated.\u201d She testified that Mike Trojanowski had been her insurance agent for approximately eight years. She denied that she had talked to Trojanowski regarding the application for the policy. She further denied that she signed the application. James testified that CMDK had never been incorporated.\nCentury again moved to conform the pleadings with the proofs, and the trial court denied the motion. The trial court then granted defendants\u2019 motion for a directed finding on counts III, iy and V\nOn August 5, 1999, Century filed a motion for leave to file a third amended complaint to include allegations that James misrepresented CMDK as being a corporation, that James materially omitted his name from being identified as a named driver of the insured vehicle, and that defendants violated the terms of the policy because James was without a valid driver\u2019s license at the time of the accident and had no reasonable belief that he was entitled to drive the insured vehicle. On August 19, 1999, a hearing was held on the motion. Century\u2019s attorney explained the reason for amending the complaint:\n\u201c[T]he reason why we are bringing this motion now is to make sure it is announced the individual who testified and gave us the information that it was Debra Tracy who had made the material misrepresentation and omissions for the hearing of June 2nd, turned and flipped and said at the date of the hearing on June 2nd that it is, in fact, James Tracy. So that\u2019s why we are asking to amend the pleadings at this time.\u201d\nThe trial court required Century, pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 183 (134 111. 2d R. 183), to file the reasons why the third amended complaint had not been filed. At a hearing on October 14, 1999, the trial court found that Century had not made \u201ca proper showing of good cause\u201d and denied the motion.\nWe now review the above-cited elements of the test for determining whether Century\u2019s motion to file a third amended complaint should have been granted. The first element concerns whether the amendment would have cured a defective pleading. At the June 2, 1999, hearing, agent Trojanowski, during an offer of proof, stated that James, rather than Debra, provided the information from which the application for insurance was completed. Century\u2019s third amended complaint would have contained counts alleging that James made material misrepresentations and omitted material information in providing Trojanowski with information for the completion of the insurance application. Clearly, such an amended complaint would have cured the principal defect in Century\u2019s second amended complaint, namely, that the subject allegations were against Debra rather than James.\nThe next element of the test is whether the amendment prejudiced or surprised other parties. As James had always been a named defendant in this litigation, we cannot conclude that the proposed third amended complaint would have either prejudiced or surprised him.\nTimeliness of the amendment is the next factor to consider. It is uncontradicted that, an hour before the June 2, 1999, hearing, agent Trojanowski told Century\u2019s attorney that James rather than Debra provided the information with which the subject insurance application was completed. Up until this time, the evidence regarding who had given the information to Trojanowski to complete the application was, at best, confusing. In an affidavit dated May 1, 1998, Debra stated that she had not given Trojanowski the information. A further statement in the affidavit indicated that Debra \u201cbelieved\u201d that when agent Trojanowski was completing the application he used information \u201cwhich was in his possession from previous transactions.\u201d However, in their answers to Century\u2019s interrogatories, dated March 10, 1999, defendants were asked, \u201cWhat representative of CMDK Development Corp. procured a policy of insurance from Century *** in 1993?\u201d Their response was, \u201cDefendants do not recall specifically, but believe that Debra Tracy ordered the policy by means of a telephone call.\u201d (Emphasis added.) Further, in an affidavit dated May 4, 1999, Trojanowski stated that he was told by both James and Debra Tracy that \u201cat the time [of the application] that the CMDK business was incorporated, and that the incorporated business owned the prospective insured vehicle, the 1987 Chevy pickup.\u201d Trojanowski further stated that he advised both James and Debra that \u201cthe policy [he] procured on their behalf would not cover James Tracy, and that James Tracy would not be insured under any policy.\u201d Additionally, Trojanowski stated that he did not remember witnessing Debra Tracy signing the application \u201con her behalf.\u201d After receiving the approved Century policy, he \u201cforwarded it to Debra Tracy.\u201d Added to this evidence are the facts that the insurance application is signed \u201cD. Tracy\u201d and that it lists only Debra Tracy as a named driver.\nFrom this record, who told what to agent Trojanowski in completing the application was quite unclear until just before the June 2, 1999, hearing on counts III, I\\^ and V of the second amended complaint. Admittedly, it appears that Century could have been more aggressive in determining whether James had given Trojanowski the information for the application. However, it is also apparent that defendants and possibly Trojanowski could have been more forthcoming regarding this matter during discovery. At the subject hearing, armed with the knowledge imparted by Trojanowski only an hour before the hearing, Century attempted to conform the pleadings to the proof by having agent Trojanowski testify that James had given him the information. Finding itself in a \u201cCatch \u2014 22\u201d type of situation, Century was unable to get such testimony into evidence, as the trial court sustained defendants\u2019 continuing objections to testimony showing that James gave the subject information on the basis of Century\u2019s failure to plead such allegations in the second amended complaint. Two months later Century filed a motion for leave to file a third amended complaint. Said complaint would have made the relevant allegations against James rather than Debra. Under these circumstances, we conclude that Century\u2019s motion to amend its pleading was timely.\nThe final factor is whether previous opportunities to amend were identifiable. Based on our discussion of the timeliness factor, we find that no previous opportunities for Century to amend were identifiable.\nIn conclusion, we decide that, based on our review of the above-cited factors, the trial court abused its discretion in denying Century\u2019s motion to file a third amended complaint.\nFinally, we address the argument of Century and its attorney, Daniel S\u00faber, that the trial court erred in awarding defendants sanctions of $2,000 pursuant to Rule 137 (155 Ill. 2d R. 137). In so doing we will have to reiterate some of the facts that related to the previous issue. Century and S\u00faber maintain that they had a reasonable basis to allege in the second amended complaint that Debra had been the source of false information in the insurance application. Defendants contend that the Rule 137 sanctions are supported by the record.\nInitially, we note that Rule 137 serves to penalize the litigant or attorney who pleads false or frivolous matters, or who brings suit without any basis in the law. In re Estate of Wemick, 127 Ill. 2d 61, 77 (1989). Rule 137 imposes an affirmative duty on attorneys and litigants alike to conduct an investigation of the facts and the law prior to filing an action, pleading, or other paper. In re Marriage of Schneider, 298 Ill. App. 3d 103, 108-09 (1998). The standard for evaluation of a party\u2019s conduct under this rule is one of reasonableness under the circumstances existing at the time the pleading was filed. Schneider, 298 Ill. App. 3d at 109. The decision to impose sanctions rests within the sound discretion of the trial court, and that determination will not be overturned on review absent an abuse of discretion. Schneider, 298 Ill. App. 3d at 109.\nIn their motion for Rule 137 sanctions, defendants alleged that Century and S\u00faber were subject to sanctions for (1) alleging that James was not driving the insured vehicle at the time of the accident; (2) asserting the legal position that misrepresenting the corporate status of CMDK was a material misrepresentation and voided coverage under the policy; and (3) alleging that Debra signed the application for insurance and provided the material misrepresentations and omissions therein. After a hearing, the trial court found that only the third ground was sanctionable. The trial court stated that it based its conclusion in part on a letter from attorney S\u00faber to Century, dated April 1, 1999. The letter contains the statement:\n\u201cOne complicating factor in our motion is Debra Tracy\u2019s denial that she either filled out or signed the insurance application. The facts accumulated to date suggest that the application was filled out by the agent, then signed by the agent as well prior to forwarding it to Century-National.\u201d\nWhile this statement indicates that attorney S\u00faber was concerned about the propriety of filing a second amended complaint in which there were allegations that Debra was the source of the alleged misinformation and omissions on the insurance application, the record indicates that there was some evidence supporting those allegations until an hour before the June 2, 1999, hearing. To wit, there were the answers to Century\u2019s interrogatories, dated March 10, 1999, wherein defendants stated that they \u201cbelieved\u201d Debra had been the one to order the policy \u201cby means of a telephone call.\u201d Agent Trojanowski, upon whom Century had to rely, stated in his affidavit, which was completed on May 4, 1999, that the information he received came from both Debra and James. After being told by Trojanowski an hour before the June 2, 1999, hearing that James, rather than Debra, gave the subject information, attorney S\u00faber unsuccessfully attempted to conform the second amended complaint to the proof.\nWe conclude that Century and S\u00faber were justified in maintaining the counts against Debra until the point at which Trojanowski clearly stated that James rather than Debra gave the subject information. At the hearing, S\u00faber then essentially tried to drop the counts against Debra and direct the substance of those counts against James but was blocked in his attempt to do so. Under these circumstances, the trial court\u2019s imposition of sanctions was an abuse of discretion.\nFor the reasons stated above, we reverse the Du Page County circuit court\u2019s orders for a directed verdict and for the awarding of sanctions, and we remand the cause of action for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.\nReversed and remanded.\nINGLIS and GEIGER, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE GALASSO" } ], "attorneys": [ "John J. Foley, of Maurides & Foley, L.L.C., and Daniel G. S\u00faber and Sean R. Gannon, both of Daniel G. S\u00faber & Associates, both of Chicago, for appellants.", "Peter R. Vogel, of Vogel & Vogel, of Wheaton, for appellee James Joseph Tracy." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "CENTURY-NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JAMES JOSEPH TRACY et al., Defendants and Petitioners-Appellees (Daniel G. Suber, Indiv. and d/b/a Daniel G. Suber and Associates, Respondent-Appellant). \u2014 CENTURY-NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JAMES JOSEPH TRACY et al., Defendants-Appellees.\nSecond District\nNos. 2-99-1257, 2-99-1289 cons.\nOpinion filed October 6, 2000.\nJohn J. Foley, of Maurides & Foley, L.L.C., and Daniel G. S\u00faber and Sean R. Gannon, both of Daniel G. S\u00faber & Associates, both of Chicago, for appellants.\nPeter R. Vogel, of Vogel & Vogel, of Wheaton, for appellee James Joseph Tracy." }, "file_name": "0639-01", "first_page_order": 659, "last_page_order": 672 }