{ "id": 279539, "name": "ANN BOLDINI, Indiv. and as Special Adm'x of the Estate of Samuel Boldini, Deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. OWENS CORNING et al., Defendants (Sprinkmann Sons Corporation of Illinois, Defendant-Appellee; Rapid-American Corporation et al., Defendants)", "name_abbreviation": "Boldini v. Corning", "decision_date": "2001-02-09", "docket_number": "No. 4-00-0041", "first_page": "1167", "last_page": "1174", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "318 Ill. App. 3d 1167" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "350 N.E.2d 20", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "26" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "39 Ill. App. 3d 39", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5383745 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "46" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/39/0039-01" ] }, { "cite": "636 N.E.2d 117", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "122-23" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "263 Ill. App. 3d 355", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5367607 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "363" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/263/0355-01" ] }, { "cite": "717 N.E.2d 849", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "852" }, { "page": "852", "parenthetical": "dealing with gas pipes" }, { "page": "851" }, { "page": "852" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "307 Ill. App. 3d 285", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 173521 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "289" }, { "page": "289" }, { "page": "287" }, { "page": "288" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/307/0285-01" ] }, { "cite": "669 N.E.2d 947", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 6, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "950" }, { "page": "950" }, { "page": "950" }, { "page": "949" }, { "page": "950" }, { "page": "952", "parenthetical": "Slater, J., specially concurring" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "283 Ill. App. 3d 300", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 182730 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "304" }, { "page": "304" }, { "page": "304" }, { "page": "302" }, { "page": "304" }, { "page": "307" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/283/0300-01" ] }, { "cite": "500 N.E.2d 34", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "37" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "114 Ill. 2d 252", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5542831 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "261" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/114/0252-01" ] }, { "cite": "614 N.E.2d 203", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "205" }, { "page": "205" }, { "page": "205" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "244 Ill. App. 3d 247", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5100450 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "250-51" }, { "page": "250-51" }, { "page": "251" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/244/0247-01" ] }, { "cite": "678 N.E.2d 44", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 7, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "46" }, { "page": "46-47" }, { "page": "46" }, { "page": "46-47" }, { "page": "47" }, { "page": "47" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "287 Ill. App. 3d 194", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 521003 ], "weight": 7, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "197" }, { "page": "198" }, { "page": "198" }, { "page": "198" }, { "page": "198" }, { "page": "198" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/287/0194-01" ] }, { "cite": "605 N.E.2d 555", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "556" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "153 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 4739062 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "4-5" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/153/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "654 N.E.2d 631", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "633" }, { "page": "634" }, { "page": "634" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "274 Ill. App. 3d 519", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 291696 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "522" }, { "page": "523" }, { "page": "523" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/274/0519-01" ] }, { "cite": "649 N.E.2d 493", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "495" }, { "page": "495" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "271 Ill. App. 3d 843", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 249188 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "845" }, { "page": "845" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/271/0843-01" ] }, { "cite": "681 N.E.2d 156", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "158" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "289 Ill. App. 3d 410", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 351043 ], "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "413" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/289/0410-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 735, "char_count": 16594, "ocr_confidence": 0.752, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.2589631963462172e-07, "percentile": 0.6119406961564169 }, "sha256": "151f75225b86ec6429b6e10f3de4265c2103ef20115cc88fd9dcf226cd080ae5", "simhash": "1:920ab5f60b45d444", "word_count": 2631 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:02:38.722215+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "ANN BOLDINI, Indiv. and as Special Adm\u2019x of the Estate of Samuel Boldini, Deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. OWENS CORNING et al., Defendants (Sprinkmann Sons Corporation of Illinois, Defendant-Appellee; Rapid-American Corporation et al., Defendants)." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE KNECHT\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nIn September 1996, plaintiffs filed a six-count complaint against several companies, including Sprinkmann Sons Corporation of Illinois (Sprinkmann), for injuries resulting from Samuel Boldini\u2019s exposure to asbestos-containing materials at his place of employment, Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) in Decatur, Illinois. In February 1999, Sprinkmann filed a motion for summary judgment based solely on the Illinois construction statute of repose, section 13 \u2014 214(b) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/13 \u2014 214(b) (West 1996)). After a hearing on the motion in October 1999, the trial court issued a written memorandum opinion and order finding plaintiffs\u2019 cause of action was time-barred by section 13 \u2014 214(b) and granting Sprink-mann\u2019s motion for summary judgment. In December 1999, plaintiffs filed a motion to reconsider, which the trial court denied. Plaintiffs appeal, arguing the trial court erred in granting summary judgment because evidence of sales by Sprinkmann to ADM does exist. We reverse and remand.\nI. BACKGROUND\nIn September 1996, Samuel Boldini and Ann Boldini, his wife, filed a six-count complaint against several companies, including Sprinkmann, for injuries allegedly caused by Samuel\u2019s exposure to asbestos-containing materials. Plaintiffs\u2019 claims were based upon Sprinkmann\u2019s sale and distribution of asbestos-containing materials to Samuel\u2019s place of employment, the Decatur ADM plant. Samuel worked in the Extraction B Building during his 39 years at the Decatur ADM plant. Samuel died in October 1996 of mesothelioma, and Ann Boldini was appointed special administratrix of his estate.\nDuring the period of decedent\u2019s employment with ADM, Sprink-mann was an authorized distributor of Owens-Corning products. According to Susan Stockman, the secretary-treasurer of Sprinkmann, Sprinkmann has been in the business of installing insulation on a labor-material basis since 1945, has never been a manufacturer of asbestos-containing products, and ceased installing insulation containing asbestos between 1971 and 1975.\nIn their complaint, plaintiffs alleged product liability, willful and wanton conduct, and negligence. Plaintiffs claim decedent was exposed to asbestos-containing products distributed or sold by Sprink-mann while he was employed by ADM. Plaintiffs did not make any claims based on Sprinkmann\u2019s installation of asbestos-containing products at ADM. In response to plaintiffs\u2019 allegations, Sprinkmann argued it installed asbestos-containing products at ADM on a labor-material basis and no evidence showed Sprinkmann ever acted as a supplier of asbestos-containing materials for the Decatur ADM plant.\nIn February 1999, Sprinkmann filed a motion for summary judgment arguing plaintiffs\u2019 cause of action was barred by section 13\u2014 214(b) of the Code. In July 1999, plaintiffs filed a response to Sprink-mann\u2019s motion for summary judgment, attaching testimony and deposition transcripts as well as Owens-Coming invoices. In their response, plaintiffs argued (1) they were seeking redress for Sprink-mann\u2019s role as a seller and distributor and (2) evidence existed of sales and distribution to ADM.\nIn September 1999, the trial court held a hearing on the motion for summary judgment. In October 1999, the trial court issued a written memorandum opinion and order finding plaintiffs\u2019 cause of action time-barred and granting Sprinkmann\u2019s motion for summary judgment.\nIn December 1999, plaintiffs filed a motion to reconsider, attaching several exhibits, including the evidence deposition of Ellis Carlton and the affidavit of Russell Wolstenholme. The trial court held a hearing on plaintiffs\u2019 motion the same month and denied it. The trial court found no just reason for delaying enforcement or appeal pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 304(a) (155 Ill. 2d R. 304(a)). This appeal fol-lowed.\nII. ANALYSIS\nSummary judgment is appropriate when the pleadings, depositions, admissions, and affidavits demonstrate no genuine issue of material fact exists and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. 735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 1005(c) (West 1998); Rotzoll v. Overhead Door Corp., 289 Ill. App. 3d 410, 413, 681 N.E.2d 156, 158 (1997). In ruling on a motion for summary judgment, the trial court must view all evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant. Malone v. American Cyanamid Co., 271 Ill. App. 3d 843, 845, 649 N.E.2d 493, 495 (1995). We review grants of summary judgment de novo. Malone, 271 Ill. App. 3d at 845, 649 N.E.2d at 495.\nA. Illinois Construction Statute of Repose\nSprinkmann\u2019s motion for summary judgment was based solely on the contention plaintiffs\u2019 action is time-barred under section 13\u2014 214(b), which provides, in relevant part:\n\u201cNo action based upon tort, contract[,] or otherwise may be brought against any person for an act or omission of such person in the design, planning, supervision, observation[,] or management of construction, or construction of an improvement to real property after 10 years have elapsed from the time of such act or omission.\u201d 735 ILCS 5/13 \u2014 214(b) (West 1996).\nPlaintiffs admit if this provision applies, their action is time-barred.\nFor section 13 \u2014 214(b) of the Code to apply to Sprinkmann, (1) the product at issue must constitute an improvement to real property, and (2) Sprinkmann\u2019s activity must fall within the activities enumerated in the statute. Adcock v. Montgomery Elevator Co., 274 Ill. App. 3d 519, 522, 654 N.E.2d 631, 633 (1995).\n1. Improvement to Real Property\nThe Supreme Court of Illinois set forth four criteria as relevant in determining whether a product is an improvement to real property. See St. Louis v. Rockwell Graphic Systems, Inc., 153 Ill. 2d 1, 4-5, 605 N.E.2d 555, 556 (1992). The trial court applied the four criteria and concluded the insulation was an improvement to real property. In their appellant brief, plaintiffs do not argue against the trial court\u2019s conclusion; therefore, this issue is waived pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 341(e)(7) (177 Ill. 2d R. 341(e)(7)).\n2. Activity Analysis\nWe next consider whether Sprinkmann\u2019s activities fall within the activities enumerated in section 13 \u2014 214(b). Plaintiffs seek to hold Sprinkmann responsible for the sale and distribution of asbestos-containing products, not for the installation of such products. On the other hand, Sprinkmann claims its sales of asbestos-containing mate-* rial were in conjunction with its installation of the product under a labor-material contract. In ruling any sale by Sprinkmann to ADM was incidental to installation, and thus protected by section 13\u2014 214(b), the trial court found the First District cases of Risch v. Paul J. Krez Co., 287 Ill. App. 3d 194, 678 N.E.2d 44 (1997), and McIntosh v. A&M Insulation Co., 244 Ill. App. 3d 247, 614 N.E.2d 203 (1993), controlling.\nThe Supreme Court of Illinois has held section 13 \u2014 214(b) \u201cdoes not exclude persons based upon their status\u201d but, rather, \u201cprotects, on its face, anyone who engages in the enumerated activities.\u201d (Emphasis omitted.) People ex rel. Skinner v. Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum, Inc., 114 Ill. 2d 252, 261, 500 N.E.2d 34, 37 (1986). Therefore, the activities of Sprinkmann must be analyzed.\nIn analyzing whether Sprinkmann\u2019s activities are protected by section 13 \u2014 214(b), the First District in Adcock adopted the \u201cactivity-analysis test\u201d utilized by the federal courts. Adcock, 274 Ill. App. 3d at 523, 654 N.E.2d at 634. Under this test, a manufacturer is afforded protection when it substantially participates in significant activities in installing or incorporating the product at the jobsite or custom designs the product for a specific jobsite. Adcock, 274 Ill. App. 3d at 523, 654 N.E.2d at 634. While the defendant in Adcock was a manufacturer, this test has also been applied to a defendant who engages in sales and distribution. See Krueger v. A.P. Green Refractories Co., 283 Ill. App. 3d 300, 304, 669 N.E.2d 947, 950 (1996).\nSeveral cases have held the installation of a product is an activity within the scope of section 13 \u2014 214(b). See Krueger, 283 Ill. App. 3d at 304, 669 N.E.2d at 950; Risch, 287 Ill. App. 3d at 197, 678 N.E.2d at 46. However, case law differs on the application of section 13 \u2014 214(b) to installers who also sell and/or distribute products.\nThe First and Third Districts apply section 13 \u2014 214(b) differently to companies engaging in sales, distribution, and installation activities. The First District\u2019s approach finds claims arising from sales incident to installation fall within section 13 \u2014 214(b). See McIntosh, 244 Ill. App. 3d at 250-51, 614 N.E.2d at 205; Risch, 287 Ill. App. 3d at 198, 678 N.E.2d at 46-47. Conversely, the Third District\u2019s approach finds claims arising from a sale do not fall under section 13 \u2014 214(b) even if they are incident to installation. See Krueger, 283 Ill. App. 3d at 304, 669 N.E.2d at 950; MBA Enterprises, Inc. v. Northern Illinois Gas Co., 307 Ill. App. 3d 285, 289, 717 N.E.2d 849, 852 (1999).\nIn McIntosh, 244 Ill. App. 3d at 250-51, 614 N.E.2d at 205, the plaintiff by complaint alleged the defendants sold, distributed, and installed asbestos-containing products at the jobsite, but the plaintiff did not plead any facts showing the defendants sold or distributed the products. In affirming the trial court\u2019s order granting summary judgment in favor of the defendants based on section 13 \u2014 214(b) of the Code, the First District stated plaintiff failed to plead facts demonstrating defendants acted as anything other than installers of the asbestos-containing materials. McIntosh, 244 Ill. App. 3d at 251, 614 N.E.2d at 205.\nThe next case is Risch, 287 Ill. App. 3d at 198, 678 N.E.2d at 46, in which the First District applied its earlier decision in McIntosh. Because McIntosh required the plaintiffs to plead facts demonstrating defendants\u2019 selling activities were more than incidental to installation, the court looked for evidence of defendants\u2019 engagement in district sales activities. Risch, 287 Ill. App. 3d at 198, 678 N.E.2d at 46-47. The court found the evidence demonstrated the defendant was an insulation installer who worked on a labor-material basis only and, therefore, the defendant\u2019s activities came within section 13 \u2014 214(b). Risch, 287 Ill. App. 3d at 198, 678 N.E.2d at 47. Evidence of the defendant paying taxes, which are typically paid by persons reselling goods, was insufficient to demonstrate distinct sales activities. Risch, 287 Ill. App. 3d at 198, 678 N.E.2d at 47.\nIn the Krueger opinion, the Third District declared \u201csection 13\u2014 214(b) does not apply to those claims that arise out of the sale of *** asbestos products.\u201d Krueger, 283 Ill. App. 3d at 302, 669 N.E.2d at 949. Later in the opinion, the court announced section 13 \u2014 214(b) \u201conly applies to claims arising out of the construction-related activities undertaken by the manufacturer or seller\u201d and then summarily stated \u201csection 13 \u2014 214(b) does not apply to [the plaintiffs] claims that arise out of Sprinkmann\u2019s sale of the asbestos products.\u201d Krueger, 283 Ill. App. 3d at 304, 669 N.E.2d at 950. In making the aforementioned declaration, the Third District did not distinguish between sales incident to installation and direct sales. Justice Slater, in his special concurrence, stated section 13 \u2014 214(b) \u201cdoes not apply to the sale or distribution of asbestos products, however, even where those products are installed by the seller or distributor as an improvement to real property.\u201d Krueger, 283 Ill. App. 3d at 307, 669 N.E.2d at 952 (Slater, J., specially concurring).\nThe Third District reiterated its interpretation of section 13\u2014 214(b) in a nonasbestos case, MBA, 307 Ill. App. 3d at 289, 717 N.E.2d at 852 (dealing with gas pipes). In the MBA case, the Third District stated, \u201cacts unrelated to the initial construction of the improvement, such as the sale and distribution of improvements to real property, are not protected by [section 13 \u2014 214(b)].\u201d MBA, 307 Ill. App. 3d at 287, 717 N.E.2d at 851. Furthermore, the court, explaining its decision in Krueger, stated section 13 \u2014 214(b) applies to the activity of installing asbestos but not to related sales and distribution of asbestos. MBA, 307 Ill. App. 3d at 288, 717 N.E.2d at 852.\nUnder the Third District\u2019s approach, a sale is a sale and always falls outside section 13 \u2014 214(b). This rule is easier to apply than the First District\u2019s rule, in which a sale may not be a sale if it is incident to installation. The First District\u2019s approach requires a stringent analysis of the facts to determine if a sale exists independent of the sales associated with a labor contract.\nWe agree with the Third District: section 13 \u2014 214(b) applies to the activity of installing asbestos-containing materials but not to the related sales and distribution of the asbestos-containing materials. However, we emphasize this rule applies only to claims dealing with asbestos. Sprinkmann admits it sold asbestos-containing products to ADM on a labor-material basis. Therefore, plaintiffs\u2019 claims are not barred by section 13 \u2014 214(b) of the Code, and the trial court\u2019s grant of summary judgment in favor of Sprinkmann was improper.\nWe also find evidence indicating Sprinkmann made direct sales of asbestos-containing materials to ADM. In making this determination, we did not consider the affidavit of Russell Wolstenholme and the evidence deposition of Ellis Carlton because the documents were not part of the record at the time the trial court ruled on the motion for summary judgment; we considered all other evidence in the record at the time the trial court ruled.\nThe evidence of direct sales included the trial testimony of Ellis Carlton in Spain v. Owens-Corning Corp., No. 88 \u2014 L\u201497 (Cir. Ct. Macon Co.). Ellis Carlton, an employee of Sprinkmann who handled Sprinkmann\u2019s sales from 1963 to 1994, explained the dichotomy between sales relating to a labor-material contract and those sales made directly to customers for their own use. He further described how customers would order materials from Sprinkmann for their use and how those materials ordered would get to the customer.\nFurthermore, according to Ellis Carlton, Sprinkmann had maintained records of direct sales to customers starting with those sales made in 1955. After Sprinkmann was involved in an asbestos case in the early 1980s, Ellis Carlton was ordered to shred all records older than 1972. Ironically, Sprinkmann ceased using and selling asbestos-containing materials starting in 1971. This court does not look favorably upon the deliberate destruction of pertinent records. This court has declared \u201c \u2018[a] 11 reasonable presumptions will be indulged against a party who deliberately destroys evidence.\u2019 \u201d Kearney v. Brakegate, Ltd., 263 Ill. App. 3d 355, 363, 636 N.E.2d 117, 122-23 (1994), quoting Haynes v. Coca Cola Bottling Co., 39 Ill. App. 3d 39, 46, 350 N.E.2d 20, 26 (1976).\nThe record also contained Owens-Corning invoices listing Sprink-mann as the company receiving the materials. Some of the invoices indicate a sale of materials by Owens-Corning to Sprinkmann, with ADM listed under Sprinkmann\u2019s address and above the payment terms. In viewing the invoices in the light most favorable to plaintiffs, the invoices are also evidence of direct sales.\nB. Proximate Cause\nFor the first time on appeal, Sprinkmann alleges no evidence shows products it sold and distributed were the proximate cause of decedent\u2019s injury. Plaintiffs argue they did not have an opportunity to refute this argument in the trial court. Since Sprinkmann did not raise this issue in the trial court, we decline to entertain this issue on appeal.\nIII. CONCLUSION\nBecause of our resolution of the issues, we need not address the propriety of plaintiffs\u2019 reply brief. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court of Macon County granting summary judgment in favor of Sprinkmann and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.\nReversed and remanded.\nCARMAN and COOK, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE KNECHT" } ], "attorneys": [ "Lisa Corwin and James Walker (argued), both of Walker & Wylder, Ltd., of Bloomington, for appellants.", "Michael W. Drumke (argued), of Segal, McCambridge, Singer & Mahoney, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "ANN BOLDINI, Indiv. and as Special Adm\u2019x of the Estate of Samuel Boldini, Deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. OWENS CORNING et al., Defendants (Sprinkmann Sons Corporation of Illinois, Defendant-Appellee; Rapid-American Corporation et al., Defendants).\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201400\u20140041\nArgued September 13, 2000.\nOpinion filed February 9, 2001.\nLisa Corwin and James Walker (argued), both of Walker & Wylder, Ltd., of Bloomington, for appellants.\nMichael W. Drumke (argued), of Segal, McCambridge, Singer & Mahoney, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellee." }, "file_name": "1167-01", "first_page_order": 1187, "last_page_order": 1194 }