{ "id": 486015, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GENE R. BILSKI, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Bilski", "decision_date": "2002-09-20", "docket_number": "No. 2\u201401\u20140769", "first_page": "808", "last_page": "821", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "333 Ill. App. 3d 808" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "35 F.3d 176", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.3d", "case_ids": [ 10522956 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "181" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f3d/35/0176-01" ] }, { "cite": "937 S.W.2d 330", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 11308404 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "334", "parenthetical": "\"A subsequent guilty plea pursuant to Alford eliminates any showing of remorse or taking of responsibility by the appellant\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/937/0330-01" ] }, { "cite": "68 Ill. 2d 149", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5809665 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "154" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/68/0149-01" ] }, { "cite": "142 Ill. 2d 13", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3236660 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "19" }, { "page": "19" }, { "page": "19" }, { "page": "19" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/142/0013-01" ] }, { "cite": "255 Ill. App. 3d 995", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2987056 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1004" }, { "page": "1004" }, { "page": "1004" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/255/0995-01" ] }, { "cite": "255 Ill. App. 3d 315", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2989242 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "334" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/255/0315-01" ] }, { "cite": "257 Ill. App. 3d 707", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2891357 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "710" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/257/0707-01" ] }, { "cite": "181 Ill. 2d 249", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 821403 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "290" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/181/0249-01" ] }, { "cite": "194 Ill. App. 3d 600", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 8499049 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "607" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/194/0600-01" ] }, { "cite": "194 Ill. 2d 305", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 1096295 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "353" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/194/0305-01" ] }, { "cite": "294 Ill. App. 3d 822", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 35391 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "830" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/294/0822-01" ] }, { "cite": "181 Ill. 2d 297", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 821396 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "331" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/181/0297-01" ] }, { "cite": "313 Ill. App. 3d 1011", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 186564 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1019" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/313/1011-01" ] }, { "cite": "241 Ill. App. 3d 291", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2436396 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "304" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/241/0291-01" ] }, { "cite": "193 Ill. App. 3d 152", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2498204 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "157" }, { "page": "157" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/193/0152-01" ] }, { "cite": "275 Ill. App. 3d 274", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 906806 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "290" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/275/0274-01" ] }, { "cite": "221 Ill. App. 3d 430", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5798810 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "437" }, { "page": "437" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/221/0430-01" ] }, { "cite": "137 Ill. 2d 500", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3251520 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "547" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/137/0500-01" ] }, { "cite": "154 Ill. 2d 272", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 4820113 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "334" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/154/0272-01" ] }, { "cite": "400 U.S. 25", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12045986 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1970, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "37", "parenthetical": "holding a defendant is entitled to enter a guilty plea while maintaining his or her innocence" }, { "page": "171", "parenthetical": "holding a defendant is entitled to enter a guilty plea while maintaining his or her innocence" }, { "page": "167", "parenthetical": "holding a defendant is entitled to enter a guilty plea while maintaining his or her innocence" }, { "parenthetical": "\"A subsequent guilty plea pursuant to Alford eliminates any showing of remorse or taking of responsibility by the appellant\"" }, { "parenthetical": "\"A subsequent guilty plea pursuant to Alford eliminates any showing of remorse or taking of responsibility by the appellant\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/400/0025-01" ] }, { "cite": "238 Ill. App. 3d 921", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5155388 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "927-28" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/238/0921-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1337, "char_count": 31969, "ocr_confidence": 0.767, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.0620799463370325e-07, "percentile": 0.5573564327495542 }, "sha256": "e9a7bf60a6930b85a1d42b38e15f4d69ccf63a2d4ce4c9d667ed4a26ee13ffd0", "simhash": "1:5f6860aef64c25f1", "word_count": 5171 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:13:04.462910+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GENE R. BILSKI, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE GROMETER\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant, Gene R. Bilski, pleaded guilty to a charge of first-degree minder (720 ILCS 5/9 \u2014 1 (West 1998)). Following a sentencing hearing, the trial court imposed a sentence of 63 years\u2019 imprisonment. Defendant now appeals this sentence. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.\nBefore turning to the merits of this appeal, we wish to address the importance we attach to parties\u2019 compliance with the supreme court rules that govern the form and content of appellate briefs. Upon reviewing defendant\u2019s opening brief, we noted that defendant failed to comply with a number of these rules. Most problematic was defendant\u2019s persistent failure to provide pinpoint citations to the cases upon which he relies. Rule 341(d) states that \u201c[c]Rations shall be made as provided in Rule 6.\u201d Official Reports Advance Sheet No. 21 (October 17, 2001), R. 341(d), eff. October 1, 2001. Rule 6 requires that \u201c[c]Rations of cases must be by title, to the page of the volume where the case begins, and to the pages upon which the pertinent matter appears in at least one of the reporters cited.\u201d (Emphasis added.) 145 Ill. 2d R. 6. The failure to comply with these rules justifies finding an argument waived. See Chicago Title & Trust Co. v. Weiss, 238 Ill. App. 3d 921, 927-28 (1992). As the application of these rules would have resulted in defendant\u2019s waiving all of his arguments, we issued a rule to show cause why this appeal should not be dismissed. Defendant subsequently filed an amended brief that complied with the applicable rules. Hence, we will proceed to the merits of defendant\u2019s arguments.\nI. BACKGROUND\nDefendant entered an Alford plea (see North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 37, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162, 171, 91 S. Ct. 160, 167 (1970) (holding a defendant is entitled to enter a guilty plea while maintaining his or her innocence)) to a charge of first-degree murder (720 ILCS 5/9 \u2014 1 (West 1998)) arising out of the death of 57-day-old Trinity Bilski. Defendant was not Trinity\u2019s biological father. Pursuant to a plea agreement, he was to receive a sentence of between 20 and 75 years\u2019 imprisonment. A sentencing hearing was held on March 13, 2001.\nAt the hearing, Jeffrey Norris, a police officer, was the first to testify. Norris stated that paramedics were called to the residence of defendant and Cheryl Issacson, Trinity\u2019s mother, on the evening of December 30, 1999. Upon their arrival, they found defendant and Is-sacson in the front yard; defendant was holding Trinity. Trinity was transported to the Northern Illinois Medical Center, where she was pronounced dead upon arrival. Norris proceeded to the hospital and was informed by the paramedics that the emergency-room doctor was suspicious as to the cause of Trinity\u2019s death. The doctor observed specks of blood in Trinity\u2019s eyes, which is common in child-abuse cases.\nNorris and a deputy coroner interviewed defendant and Issacson. Issacson related that during the day Trinity appeared to have a cold, was fussy, and was not eating properly. She and defendant decided to go to the store to get some groceries and medication. Between 4:30 and 5 p.m., Trinity was refusing to eat. Her gums were clenched so that Issacson could not insert the nipple of her bottle. Upon their arrival home, Issacson removed Trinity from the car and defendant unloaded the groceries. She placed Trinity on the floor in her car seat and started to put the groceries away. About 10 minutes later, she removed Trinity from the car seat and noticed that she was limp and blue. Defendant told Issacson to call 911, and he attempted to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on Trinity. At this point, they went outside to await the ambulance. Issacson also related that she had been home all day and she had not observed any bruises upon Trinity prior to calling the ambulance.\nNorris also interviewed defendant at the hospital. Defendant largely agreed with what Issacson had related to Norris. He did not indicate during this interview that he had any knowledge as to how Trinity had become injured. He also did not state whether he had been alone with the infant that day.\nThe next morning, Norris was present at the autopsy that was performed upon Trinity. The autopsy was performed by Dr. Lawrence Blum. Dr. Blum noted a small swelling on Trinity\u2019s forehead, which he said was unusual and a cause for concern, as well as two small bruises on the left side of her head. An internal examination revealed three fractured ribs; one fracture showed signs of healing. Dr. Blum also discovered three fractures on the infant\u2019s skull. Finally, the doctor observed hemorrhages in Trinity\u2019s body, head, and eyes. Dr. Blum believed that death was the result of severe trauma to the head from a blunt object.\nDefendant and Issacson were interviewed a second time at the Fox Lake police department. She reiterated the version of events that she had given the night before. Issacson stated that she did not know how her child had become injured. She also stated that she never saw defendant do anything harmful to the baby. Issacson agreed to take a polygraph examination.\nDefendant also reiterated the statement that he gave at the hospital. Norris then informed defendant of the results of the autopsy. Defendant replied that neither he nor Issacson would harm Trinity. At about this time, Norris received a phone call and was informed that a radiologist had discovered fractures in Trinity\u2019s right arm, right leg, and left hip. He informed defendant of these findings. Defendant then stated that he sometimes played roughly with Trinity. He said that he would pick her up by the arms and bounce her on her legs. Defendant stated that he believed this would strengthen her limbs. He related that he would sometimes drop Trinity from a height of a foot or two onto a bed. Defendant also stated that on one occasion he was bathing the infant in a marble sink. He left her momentarily to get something, and she may have hit her head.\nStill later in the interview, defendant asked what would happen if Trinity had been dropped down a flight of stairs. Detective Schindler, who was also present during the interview, told defendant that it could cause serious injuries to a baby. Defendant then explained that he was carrying Trinity down a flight of stairs, lost his balance, and dropped her. According to defendant, Trinity was crying. He checked her for injuries but discovered none, so he assumed everything was fine. Defendant stated that this occurred before he and Issacson had gone shopping on December 30. He added that he did not tell Issacson because he was embarrassed and feared she would leave him.\nNorris also interviewed defendant\u2019s grandfather. The grandfather related that defendant had been stationed in Saudi Arabia while serving in the Navy. Defendant would call home daily, crying and wanting to come home. On one occasion, he was found banging his head on a wall and had to be sedated. The grandfather also described problems between him and defendant. He stated that defendant angered easily and often threatened him. He obtained an order of protection against defendant following an incident where the grandfather required hospitalization.\nNorris also acknowledged that there were no records of medical reports indicating abuse prior to Trinity\u2019s death. He stated that defendant had never bothered Issacson or tried to influence her testimony. Defendant remained in the area during the investigation. Norris further acknowledged that there were no indications that defendant abused alcohol or drugs. He further testified that, at the time of Trinity\u2019s death, Issacson was working full time.\nThe State next called Dr. Blum, who performed the autopsy on Trinity. Blum first testified that he found four bruises on Trinity\u2019s head. In his internal examination, Blum first located four fresh rib fractures on the front side of Trinity\u2019s rib cage. He also found two fractures on the rear side of her rib cage that showed signs of healing. He estimated that these fractures were between 7 and 14 days old. He found a bruise on the muscle overlying her left chest region. His internal examination of Trinity\u2019s skull revealed bruises on the skull\u2019s interior. Some corresponded to bruises on the outside of her skull; however, Blum also found additional bruises. He also observed three skull fractures. He noted that Trinity\u2019s brain was swollen, its normal curvature was flattened, and there was evidence of hemorrhaging.\nBlum opined that the fractures were caused by impacts with a hard round or flattened object. He stated that such injuries were typical of fatal or near-fatal events, rather than simple falls or roughhousing. He characterized the blunt force necessary to produce such an injury as \u201csevere.\u201d Ultimately, he opined that Trinity died of brain swelling and hemorrhaging around the brain caused by an abusive head injury.\nBlum also testified that Trinity\u2019s eyes were removed and sent to a specialist for analysis. Hemorrhages in the globe of the eyes and along the optical nerves were observed. Additionally, the specialist located signs of iron staining in her eye tissue. Iron staining occurs when red blood cells break down. Blum stated that it takes at least two to three days for the cells to break down. The specialist was of the opinion that the hemorrhaging in the eyes was of a nonaccidental etiology. Blum also received a report from a radiologist. The radiologist confirmed the skull fractures and found additional fractures to Trinity\u2019s arms and legs. A fracture to the infant\u2019s right arm showed signs of healing.\nFurther, Blum opined that the rib fractures would be very painful, since the ribs would move every time Trinity took a breath. He added that it was unlikely that the fresh rib fractures were caused by CPR and impossible that the healing ones were. Blum stated that Trinity\u2019s injuries were caused by more than one impact and that the totality of her injuries was not consistent with a fall down the stairs. Finally, he opined that the oldest injuries he observed occurred three or four weeks prior to Trinity\u2019s death.\nMark Pleasant, an investigator for the Lake County State\u2019s Attorney\u2019s office, testified next. Pleasant interviewed Robin Rowe, a woman who had dated defendant for about a month beginning in January 2000. On one occasion, the two were arguing and defendant told her to \u201cshut up.\u201d When she refused, he showed her a handgun and stated, \u201c[W]ill you shut up now?\u201d Rowe stated that defendant had a bad temper but never struck her. He threatened to \u201cmess up her face\u201d and blow up her car if she left him. Rowe told Pleasant that Bil-ski stated that he had beaten up his ex-wife.\nPleasant also interviewed defendant\u2019s ex-wife, April Paszkiewicz. The couple separated in September 1999, but Paszkiewicz did not file for divorce until after Trinity\u2019s death. She stated that defendant had a bad temper and that little things would cause him to fly into a violent rage. Generally, when defendant was angry at her, he would grab her by the shoulders, shake her, and push her into objects. On one occasion, he struck her, giving her a \u201cfat lip.\u201d Paszkiewicz related that defendant stabbed a person in 1995. He told the police it was self-defense; however, he admitted to Paszkiewicz that he had lied to the police and had stabbed the person because the person had spit on him.\nPleasant interviewed Issacson as well. Issacson told Pleasant that defendant believed she was unhappy with their relationship and that defendant stated that he could kill Trinity and himself so that Issac-son could have a happy life. Pleasant also reviewed a portion of Issac-son\u2019s diary, where she described an incident where defendant was grieving over the death of his dog. Defendant told Issacson that she would not know what it felt like until she held her own dead baby in her arms. Issacson also told Pleasant that defendant was Trinity\u2019s primary caretaker.\nPleasant next described his interview with defendant. Defendant first made reference to an incident where Trinity had fallen from a footstool. He then described an incident where Trinity had fallen through the bottom of her cradle and gotten her head wedged between the cradle and the floor. Defendant next described an incident where he had dropped the infant down the stairs. Defendant asked Pleasant whether he would be able to return home if he were charged with manslaughter. Pleasant replied that he did not believe so.\nLater, defendant stated that the story about Trinity falling through the bottom of her cradle was untrue. According to defendant, the truth was that he was holding the cradle by the handles while spinning around. The bottom dropped out of the cradle and Trinity flew into a beam about six feet away. Defendant stated that Trinity was \u201cout of it\u201d for about 15 to 30 seconds.\nDuring the interview, defendant acknowledged that he was responsible for Trinity\u2019s injuries. He denied ever being frustrated or angry with her. Defendant stated that he wanted to kill himself and that he was haunted by what he had done. He said that Trinity was his baby and that he loved her. Following the conclusion of Pleasant\u2019s testimony, Issacson made a victim-impact statement. The State then rested.\nDefendant presented three witnesses on his behalf. The first was Marietta Jankovic. Jankovic was defendant\u2019s father\u2019s girlfriend of 17 years and has known defendant since he was four years old. She visited defendant shortly before Christmas 1999. Initially, defendant would not permit Jankovic to hold Trinity because Jankovic had just come in from the cold and smelled like cigarette smoke. She stated that Trinity appeared happy and did not seem to fear defendant. Trinity did not cry at all during Jankovic\u2019s visit.\nDefendant next called Toni Liotta. Liotta began dating defendant in March 2000. Liotta testified that she never saw defendant act violently or display anger toward anyone but himself. On one evening, defendant was upset and stated that he did not want to live. Defendant stabbed himself in the arm several times with a pen. She called 911. The police came, but defendant had already left. He returned later. Li-otta told him that she thought he should seek counseling, and defendant agreed. They obtained an appointment at a counseling center, but defendant was incarcerated before the appointment. Liotta also stated that she had never seen defendant abuse alcohol.\nDefendant\u2019s final witness was his father, Eugene R. Bilski. Defendant\u2019s father testified that he and Deborah Baleskin were defendant\u2019s parents. He was never married to Baleskin, although they were together for seven years. Defendant\u2019s father and mother were abusing drugs at that point in their lives. The couple lived in an attic apartment in the home of defendant\u2019s paternal grandparents. Defendant\u2019s grandmother took care of defendant most of the time. The grandmother was running a bar at the time, and she kept defendant with her as she tended to the bar. Defendant\u2019s grandmother wanted to raise him. His grandfather, on the other hand, showed no affection toward defendant. Defendant\u2019s grandfather was an alcoholic and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder.\nDefendant\u2019s father was selling drugs out of the house where defendant resided. When defendant was about five years old, his father was arrested on a drug-related charge. Baleskin sold everything in the house and left. Defendant did not see her again until he was 18 years old. Just before she left, Baleskin \u201csold\u201d defendant to defendant\u2019s grandmother for $200. The grandmother also offered defendant\u2019s father $100 if he would consent to her adopting defendant. Defendant\u2019s father declined.\nUntil defendant was in his early teens, he believed his father was actually his brother. After defendant\u2019s father completed a drug-treatment program, he asked if he could return to the house. The grandmother allowed him to do so only if he promised not to tell defendant that he was his father. When defendant was about 12 years old, his father told him the truth. After this revelation, defendant appeared to no longer know whom to believe or trust.\nAlso, at about this time, the grandmother was diagnosed with breast cancer. She died three to four years later. During her illness, defendant cared for her, acting as a nurse. Additionally, defendant\u2019s father stated that defendant tried his best to be a father to Trinity and that defendant loved the baby.\nFinally, defendant made a statement in allocution. In his statement he maintained that he loved Trinity and her death was accidental. He requested that the court either impose a sentence that would allow him to be returned to a useful role in society at some point or sentence him to death.\nThe trial court first denied defendant\u2019s request to impose the death penalty, noting that it was not possible in light of the plea agreement into which defendant had entered. The court next rejected the State\u2019s contention that defendant was eligible for an extended-term sentence because the murder was accompanied by excessively brutal or heinous behavior. However, the court did find that he was eligible for an extended-term sentence because the offense was committed against a person under the age of 12.\nThe court then went on to determine what it believed to be an appropriate sentence. It first stated that it had considered the evidence presented at the hearing, the presentence investigation report, the financial impact of incarceration, the arguments of the parties, defendant\u2019s statement, and the victim-impact statement. The court found the defendant was Trinity\u2019s primary caretaker. It acknowledged that defendant\u2019s motive was unclear. The court also found defendant\u2019s claim of accident incredible. The court considered injuries suffered by Trinity occurring prior to the date of her death in arriving at a sentence.\nThe trial court stated that it had considered the mitigating evidence presented on defendant\u2019s behalf. It noted defendant\u2019s dysfunctional childhood. The court specifically referred to the fact that defendant\u2019s father was dealing drugs out of defendant\u2019s home and that defendant suffered from bipolar disorder. Regarding defendant\u2019s mental illness, however, the court observed that it could be considered both an aggravating and mitigating factor. The court noted defendant\u2019s history of threats and violence with girlfriends, his grandfather, and while in the Navy. The court concluded that it was likely that defendant would be violent in the future and therefore a lengthy sentence was required to protect society. Accordingly, the court imposed a sentence of 63 years\u2019 imprisonment.\nII. ANALYSIS\nOn appeal, defendant raises three issues. First, defendant contends that the trial court erred by basing his sentence in part upon injuries Trinity suffered prior to the date of her death. Second, defendant complains of the trial court\u2019s decision to allow Pleasant to testify regarding statements made by certain individuals. Third, defendant asserts that the trial court failed to consider relevant mitigating evidence.\nA. Prior Abuse\nWe find defendant\u2019s first contention, that the trial court erred in considering Trinity\u2019s prior injuries, ill taken. Initially, defendant argues that these prior acts of abuse should not have been considered because he was neither charged with nor convicted of them. This is simply not the law of this state. It is well established that evidence of other crimes is admissible at sentencing regardless of whether the defendant was charged with or convicted of the crimes. People v. Ward, 154 Ill. 2d 272, 334 (1992); People v. Thomas, 137 Ill. 2d 500, 547 (1990); People v. Spears, 221 Ill. App. 3d 430, 437 (1991).\nDefendant next relies on People v. Rodriguez, 275 Ill. App. 3d 274 (1995), in support of his argument. Defendant asserts that, on facts similar to the instant case, the Rodriguez court held that a trial court could not consider prior acts of abuse against a murdered child in fixing an appropriate sentence for the murder. Rodriguez, however, does not stand for this proposition. Rodriguez held that prior acts of abuse that neither caused nor were inflicted contemporaneously with the victim\u2019s death could not be considered in determining whether the defendant was eligible for an extended-term sentence. Rodriguez, 275 Ill. App. 3d at 290. It did not hold that such acts were inadmissible for determining the length of a sentence within the applicable statutory range.\nDefendant further argues that insufficient evidence tied Trinity\u2019s prior injuries to conduct by defendant. We disagree. Defendant admitted that he had caused the infant\u2019s injuries; however, he asserted that they resulted from accidents. The trial court rejected this assertion. This corut rejected a similar argument in a slightly different context in People v. Turner, 193 Ill. App. 3d 152 (1990). The question in that case was whether the evidence was sufficient to sustain a conviction of involuntary manslaughter of a 2\u00bd-year-old child. Turner, 193 Ill. App. 3d at 157. The defendant claimed that no history of abuse had been presented, no one ever saw the defendant strike the child, and the child\u2019s injuries were caused by a fall down the stairs. This court held that the jury reasonably could have concluded that the defendant had abused the child. Turner, 193 Ill. App. 3d at 157. Several bruises found on the child were inconsistent with the defendant\u2019s story. Further, a doctor testified that the injuries were inconsistent with a fall down a flight of stairs. Similarly, in the instant case, Dr. Blum testified that the injuries he discovered on Trinity were not consistent with a fall down the stairs. We also note that defendant admitted to Pleasant that he had lied about the alleged incident in which he claimed Trinity fell through the bottom of her cradle. Given Dr. Blum\u2019s testimony, the fact that defendant was Trinity\u2019s primary caretaker and sole caretaker for a portion of the day after Issacson returned to work on December 13, and defendant\u2019s equivocal statements to investigators as to the cause of Trinity\u2019s injuries, the trial court was entitled to reject his claim that the injuries were accidental. Discounting defendant\u2019s claim of accident, his admission that he caused the injuries provided a sufficient basis for the trial court to base a lengthy sentence upon them.\nDefendant also briefly complains that Issacson did not testify and instead simply read a victim-impact statement. Our reading of the trial court\u2019s decision indicates to us that the trial court did not rely on Issacson\u2019s statement in concluding that defendant caused Trinity\u2019s prior injuries. Rather, the court relied on its rejection of defendant\u2019s claim of accident. Accordingly, whether defendant was entitled to cross-examine Issacson on this point is irrelevant. Further, we note that if defendant believed Issacson had something to say that would have benefitted him, he could have called her as a witness.\nB. Hearsay\nDefendant next alleges error in the trial court permitting Pleasant to read statements of individuals he interviewed during the sentencing hearing. Specifically, defendant complains of the statements Pleasant took from Robin Rowe and April Paszkiewicz. Defendant asserts that the trial court should have required the information contained in these statements to be presented through five testimony.\nThe ordinary rules of evidence that apply during the guilt phase of a trial do not apply during a sentencing hearing. People v. White, 241 Ill. App. 3d 291, 304 (1993). Generally, evidence is admissible so long as it is relevant and reliable. Spears, 221 Ill. App. 3d at 437. Hearsay is admissible. People v. Ivy, 313 Ill. App. 3d 1011, 1019 (2000). In fact, \u201c[h] earsay evidence of crimes that did not result in prosecution or conviction is *** admissible at the aggravation and mitigation phase if it meets the requirements of relevancy and reliability.\u201d People v. Williams, 181 Ill. 2d 297, 331 (1988). At a sentencing hearing, the hearsay nature of evidence is a matter of weight rather than admissibility. People v. Jett, 294 Ill. App. 3d 822, 830 (1998). Double hearsay, however, should be corroborated. See People v. Hall, 194 Ill. 2d 305, 353 (2000). The decision to admit particular types and sources of evidence during a sentencing hearing lies within the broad discretion of the sentencing judge. People v. Tigner, 194 Ill. App. 3d 600, 607 (1990).\nThus, the mere fact that Pleasant\u2019s recounting of Rowe\u2019s and Paszkiewicz\u2019s statements constituted hearsay is insufficient to support defendant\u2019s claim of error. Despite its hearsay nature, Pleasant\u2019s testimony was admissible if it was both relevant and reliable. It was obviously relevant, as it pertained to defendant\u2019s past misconduct. People v. Cortes, 181 Ill. 2d 249, 290 (1998). Further, these statements also displayed indices of reliability.\nFirst, both statements described a similar pattern of domestic abuse perpetrated against females with whom defendant was engaged in a relationship. Rowe stated that defendant told her that he had \u201cbeat up\u201d his former wife; Paszkiewicz related that defendant had given her a \u201cfat lip.\u201d Defendant disingenuously argues that Pasz-kiewicz never stated that defendant had \u201cbeaten her up.\u201d We find her statement regarding defendant giving her a \u201cfat Up\u201d sufficiently corroborative of being beaten up. We also note that Paszkiewicz\u2019s statement that defendant often talked about suicide is consistent with Liot-ta\u2019s testimony regarding defendant\u2019s self-inflicted injuries and defendant\u2019s statement to Pleasant that he wanted to kill himself.\nRegarding Rowe, defendant asserts without explanation, \u201cThe circumstances of [his and Rowe\u2019s] break up were unknown but it seems logical to infer that the split was not Rowe\u2019s decision. Therefore, her unexamined information is likely to be merely the product of a bitter former lover.\u201d This inference escapes us. Similarly, defendant nakedly asserts that Paszkiewicz\u2019s \u201cinformation appeared to be merely the product of an embittered ex-wife.\u201d We find these contentions unpersuasive. Both women related that defendant did not use drugs and drank only moderately. Thus, their statements were not limited to things that would be prejudicial to defendant. If their statements were the product of bitterness arising from failed relationships, it is likely that positive facts would have been omitted. In the same vein, Rowe stated that defendant never struck her.\nIn sum, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting these statements. They were clearly relevant. They were also reliable in that they were consistent with each other, partially corroborated, and not wholly prejudicial to defendant. We find no error here.\nC. Mitigating Evidence\nDefendant next contends that the trial court failed to consider relevant mitigating factors. Specifically, he contends that the court did not consider his mental illness, his horrific childhood, his acceptance of responsibility for Trinity\u2019s death, and his rehabilitative potential. Defendant\u2019s contentions are not supported by the record.\nThe determination of an appropriate sentence lies within the discretion of the trial court, and we will not disturb that determination absent an abuse of that discretion. People v. Hatfield, 257 Ill. App. 3d 707, 710 (1994). A trial court has wide latitude in sentencing a defendant, so long as it neither ignores relevant mitigating factors nor considers improper factors in aggravation. People v. C.H., 255 Ill. App. 3d 315, 334 (1993). The weight attributed to such factors depends on the circumstances of a given case. People v. Dominguez, 255 Ill. App. 3d 995, 1004 (1994). A trial court is in the best position to take into account such factors as \u201c \u2018the defendant\u2019s credibility, demeanor, general moral character, mentality, social environment, habits, and age\u2019 [citation] [,] whereas the appellate court has to rely entirely on the record.\u201d People v. Streit, 142 Ill. 2d 13, 19 (1991), quoting People v. Perruquet, 68 Ill. 2d 149, 154 (1977). Accordingly, a court of review must not substitute its judgment for that of a trial court merely because it would have weighed aggravating and mitigating factors differently. Streit, 142 Ill. 2d at 19. Further, when mitigating evidence is before the trial court, the court is presumed to have considered it. Dominguez, 255 Ill. App. 3d at 1004. A defendant must point to something beyond the sentence itself to establish that such evidence was not considered. Dominguez, 255 Ill. App. 3d at 1004.\nDefendant first contends that the trial court failed to consider his mental illness. However, the trial court expressly considered defendant\u2019s condition, stating, \u201cWhen I consider the bipolar disorder is [sic] mitigating it is something that cuts both ways.\u201d Hence, defendant\u2019s claim that the trial court ignored this evidence is flatly wrong. Even if we were inclined to attribute more weight to this evidence, we would not do so, for that is a function for the trial court to perform. Streit, 142 Ill. 2d at 19.\nDefendant\u2019s assertion that the trial court ignored his dysfunctional childhood is really nothing more than an invitation for us to reweigh this evidence. Defendant acknowledges the trial court\u2019s statement that defendant \u201chad a dysfunctional childhood.\u201d Thus, this evidence was considered, and we will not now reweigh it.\nDefendant next argues that his sentence should have been reduced because he pleaded guilty and accepted responsibility for his actions. Initially, we note that defendant entered an Alford plea \u2014 pleading guilty while maintaining his innocence. See Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162, 91 S. Ct. 160. Proceeding in this manner is, at best, an equivocal acceptance of responsibility. See State v. Williams, 937 S.W.2d 330, 334 (Mo. App. 1996) (\u201cA subsequent guilty plea pursuant to Alford eliminates any showing of remorse or taking of responsibility by the appellant\u201d); United States v. Harlan, 35 F.3d 176, 181 (5th Cir. 1994). Moreover, in his statement of allocution, defendant continued to maintain that Trinity\u2019s death was accidental. Further, the trial court was aware that defendant had entered a guilty plea. Defendant points to nothing beyond his sentence itself in arguing that this factor was not considered; hence, the trial court presumptively considered it. Dominguez, 255 Ill. App. 3d at 1004. We perceive no acceptance of responsibility sufficient for us to conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in imposing a 63-year sentence.\nFinally, defendant contends that the trial court did not take into account his potential for rehabilitation. We disagree. Immediately before imposing the sentence, the trial court stated, \u201c[Y]our history establishes, your condition establishes that you\u2019re going to be violent again.\u201d Thus, the trial court expressly found that defendant\u2019s potential for rehabilitation was dubious.\nTo conclude, we find no abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court in sentencing defendant. The evidence defendant alleges was not considered was presented to the trial court, and the trial court expressly addressed most of it while imposing the sentence. It is not our role to reweigh this evidence. See Streit, 142 Ill. 2d at 19.\nIII. CONCLUSION\nIn light of the foregoing, the judgment of the circuit court of Lake County is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nO\u2019MALLEY and BYRNE, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE GROMETER" } ], "attorneys": [ "Kathleen T. Zellner and Douglas H. Johnson, both of Kathleen T. Zellner & Associates, of Naperville, for appellant.", "Michael J. Waller, State\u2019s Attorney, of Waukegan (Martin E Moltz, of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), and Gerald E. Nora, of Vernon Hills, for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. GENE R. BILSKI, Defendant-Appellant.\nSecond District\nNo. 2\u201401\u20140769\nOpinion filed September 20, 2002.\nKathleen T. Zellner and Douglas H. Johnson, both of Kathleen T. Zellner & Associates, of Naperville, for appellant.\nMichael J. Waller, State\u2019s Attorney, of Waukegan (Martin E Moltz, of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), and Gerald E. Nora, of Vernon Hills, for the People." }, "file_name": "0808-01", "first_page_order": 826, "last_page_order": 839 }