{ "id": 5458360, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BILLY D. PALMER, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Palmer", "decision_date": "2004-10-08", "docket_number": "Nos. 4-03-0111, 4-03-0756 cons.", "first_page": "891", "last_page": "895", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "352 Ill. App. 3d 891" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "282 Ill. App. 3d 32", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 159548 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "35" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/282/0032-01" ] }, { "cite": "599 N.E.2d 104", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "110" }, { "page": "110" }, { "page": "110" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "233 Ill. App. 3d 449", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5194078 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "456" }, { "page": "456" }, { "page": "456-57" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/233/0449-01" ] }, { "cite": "466 U.S. 668", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6204802 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "687" }, { "page": "693" }, { "page": "2064" }, { "page": "694" }, { "page": "698" }, { "page": "2068" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/466/0668-01" ] }, { "cite": "413 N.E.2d 410", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "413", "parenthetical": "conflicting instructions are reversible error" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "82 Ill. 2d 540", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5475117 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "545", "parenthetical": "conflicting instructions are reversible error" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/82/0540-01" ] }, { "cite": "622 N.E.2d 859", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "867" }, { "page": "860-61" }, { "page": "867" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "251 Ill. App. 3d 607", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2959427 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "618-19" }, { "page": "609" }, { "page": "618-19" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/251/0607-01" ] }, { "cite": "660 N.E.2d 901", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "916" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "169 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 909174 ], "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "31" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/169/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "670 N.E.2d 583", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "602" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "173 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 147581 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "41" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/173/0001-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 583, "char_count": 10534, "ocr_confidence": 0.751, "pagerank": { "raw": 6.231882052882932e-08, "percentile": 0.38534447375117237 }, "sha256": "66438f8f3ed6d2e99c2b966d96b066bbdedeb6a07b6afd770c1ff4b0303fcedc", "simhash": "1:a20eddeafa021ffd", "word_count": 1724 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:57:06.765456+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "TURNER and APPLETON, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BILLY D. PALMER, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE COOK\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant, Billy D. Palmer, was found guilty of aggravated battery (720 ILCS 5/12 \u2014 4(b)(1) (West 2002)) by a Champaign County jury on November 12, 2002. The circuit court sentenced him to 36 months\u2019 intensive probation. Defendant violated the terms of his intensive probation, and the court resentenced him, this time to seven years in prison. Defendant appeals his conviction and sentence. We affirm.\nI. BACKGROUND\nOn the morning of December 28, 2001, defendant was sleeping on the couch at his girlfriend\u2019s apartment in Urbana. She had asked him to leave, but he refused, so she called her brother, Michael Bailey, who came to the apartment. Defendant and Bailey exchanged words, defendant punched Bailey in the face, and the two began to fight. Defendant picked up a stick and hit Bailey in the face with it, drawing blood and ultimately leaving Bailey with a scar on his left cheek and one on his upper lip.\nAt trial, the trial court instructed the jury that \u201c[a] person commits the offense of aggravated battery when he knowingly and by any means causes bodily harm to another person\u201d and in doing so uses a deadly weapon. The jury retired to deliberate but soon sent out a note asking the court to define \u201cknowingly.\u201d The assistant State\u2019s Attorney recommended that the court give the jury an instruction based on Illinois Pattern Jury Instructions, Criminal, No. 5.01B (4th ed. 2000) (hereinafter IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B). Defendant\u2019s attorney did not object. The court instructed the jury as follows:\n\u201cA person acts knowingly with regard to the nature or attendant circumstances of his conduct when he is consciously aware that his conduct is of such nature or that such circumstances exist. Knowledge of a material fact includes awareness of the substantial probability that such fact exists.\nA person acts knowingly with regard to the result of his conduct when he is consciously aware that such result is practically certain to be caused by his conduct.\u201d\nAfter hearing this instruction, one juror asked the court:\n\u201cIs a proper distinction to be made between knowingly in the sense of intent and acts that result from intent that also imply knowledge of, you know, results will follow from this intent, and conversely actions that are purely committed in the heat of the moment, or is that a material distinction?\u201d\nAt defense counsel\u2019s suggestion, the court instructed that it could provide the jury no new information and the jury should consider all of the instructions it had already received in coming to its decision.\nThe jury found defendant guilty of aggravated battery, and on January 28, 2003, the trial court sentenced him to 36 months\u2019 probation. Defendant filed a notice of appeal, docketed No. 4 \u2014 03\u20140111. On March 26, 2003, the State filed a petition to revoke defendant\u2019s probation. Defendant stipulated to the portion of the petition alleging that he had violated his probation by using marijuana and alcohol. On May 22, 2003, the court resentenced defendant to seven years in prison on the original aggravated-battery conviction. Defendant filed a second notice of appeal, docketed No. 4 \u2014 03\u20140756. On his motion, we have consolidated the two appeals.\nII. ANALYSIS\nA. Defect in the Trial Court\u2019s Jury Instruction\nDefendant\u2019s first argument on appeal is that the trial court erred in giving the entire IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B, defining \u201cknowingly,\u201d when only the second paragraph was required. Defendant did not object to the instruction at trial or offer an alternative instruction; both are generally required to preserve the issue for appeal (People v. Redd, 173 Ill. 2d 1, 41, 670 N.E.2d 583, 602 (1996)). Defendant nevertheless urges us to consider his argument on the merits because of \u201csubstantial defects\u201d in the instruction given. See 177 Ill. 2d R. 451(c). The courts may disregard a procedural default in failing to object to jury instructions if a substantial right is at issue and honoring the default would be fundamentally unfair. People v. Keene, 169 Ill. 2d 1, 31, 660 N.E.2d 901, 916 (1995).\nIn an aggravated-battery case, either or both of the two paragraphs of IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B can be appropriate depending on whether the relevant knowledge is of the circumstances or the result of the defendant\u2019s conduct. See People v. Lovelace, 251 Ill. App. 3d 607, 618-19, 622 N.E.2d 859, 867 (1993). In this case, the issue was whether defendant knowingly caused bodily harm when he hit Michael Bailey with a stick. The second paragraph of IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B, concerning the result of the defendant\u2019s conduct, was thus the appropriate instruction. See IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B, Committee Note, at 142.\nDefendant relies primarily on Lovelace. In Lovelace, the defendant was charged with two types of aggravated battery: causing great bodily harm and battery of a peace officer. Lovelace, 251 Ill. App. 3d at 609, 622 N.E.2d at 860-61. The first type requires knowledge of a result (great bodily harm), while the second requires knowledge of circumstances (that the victim was a peace officer). The appellate court held that where both types of knowledge were relevant to the case, the trial court erred in giving only the circumstances instruction. Lovelace, 251 Ill. App. 3d at 618-19, 622 N.E.2d at 867.\nLovelace is very different from our case. In Lovelace, the trial court omitted a necessary instruction; here, in contrast, the court included an extraneous instruction. The instructions given in our case are accurate statements of the law. This is not a case where the trial court gave conflicting or legally incorrect instructions. See People v. Haywood, 82 Ill. 2d 540, 545, 413 N.E.2d 410, 413 (1980) (conflicting instructions are reversible error). Rather, one part of the instruction was simply irrelevant to the issues raised in the case. If the jury was confused, it was because it was trying to find a use for the portion of IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B relating to knowledge of circumstances.\nDefendant offers several ways he claims the unnecessary instruction might have confused the jury. For instance, defendant argues that the jury might have thought that it had to find only that defendant knew he injured Bailey. Considering all of the jury instructions together, we conclude that the jury was not misled by the extraneous instruction. The trial court instructed the jury to find defendant guilty if he \u201cknowingly *** cause[d] bodily harm\u201d to Bailey. In this context, \u201cknowingly\u201d is clearly tied to the result of causing bodily harm. The presence of the extraneous instruction was not a substantial defect that would render the trial fundamentally unfair or excuse defendant\u2019s failure to object to the instruction at trial.\nB. Trial Counsel Was Not Ineffective\nDefendant\u2019s second argument is that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to raise a challenge to the jury instruction. We disagree. To demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show that his attorney\u2019s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and that he was prejudiced by the attorney\u2019s errors. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674, 693, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984). A defendant must establish a reasonable probability exists that the trial\u2019s result would have been different if the attorney had performed adequately. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 80 L. Ed. 2d at 698, 104 S. Ct. at 2068.\nRegardless of whether his attorney erred, defendant\u2019s challenge fails because the jury verdict was supported by overwhelming evidence. Even if defendant\u2019s attorney had objected to the extraneous jury instruction and succeeded in having it excluded, there is still no reasonable probability that the jury would have acquitted defendant.\nC. Seven-Year Sentence Was Not Error\n\u20225 Finally, defendant contends that the trial court erred when it sentenced him to seven years in prison after revoking his probation. On revoking a defendant\u2019s probation, the trial court sentences him to a disposition that would have been appropriate for the original offense. People v. Turner, 233 Ill. App. 3d 449, 456, 599 N.E.2d 104, 110 (1992). Defendant\u2019s original offense of aggravated battery was a Class 3 felony. See 720 ILCS 5/12 \u2014 4(e) (West 2002). Because of his prior criminal history, he was eligible for an extended sentence of 5 to 10 years. See 730 ILCS 5/5 \u2014 8\u20142(a)(5) (West 2002). The seven-year term fell within the statutory range, and we will not disturb a sentence within the statutory sentencing range absent an abuse of discretion. People v. Helm, 282 Ill. App. 3d 32, 35, 669 N.E.2d Ill. 114 (1996).\nDefendant argues that in imposing a sentence, the trial court impermissibly penalized defendant for violating his probation rather than for the original offense. We disagree. Given defendant\u2019s prior criminal record, the injuries he inflicted on the victim, and the need to deter him and others from similar violent conduct, a seven-year sentence was appropriate. The fact that the judge first sentenced defendant to intensive probation does not change that.\nAs defendant acknowledges, his conduct while on probation is evidence of his rehabilitative potential. See Turner, 233 Ill. App. 3d at 456, 599 N.E.2d at 110. Thus, it is appropriate for a defendant who conducts himself poorly while on probation to receive a more severe sentence than he originally received. Turner, 233 Ill. App. 3d at 456-57, 599 N.E.2d at 110. In the two months between when defendant was first sentenced and when the State petitioned to revoke his probation, defendant exhibited a shortage of rehabilitative potential. In addition to the drug and alcohol use he admitted, there was evidence that defendant largely failed to adhere to the terms of his intensive probation. We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it resentenced defendant to seven years in prison.\nIII. CONCLUSION\nFor the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court\u2019s judgment.\nAffirmed.\nTURNER and APPLETON, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE COOK" } ], "attorneys": [ "Daniel D. Yuhas and Nancy L. Vincent, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Springfield, for appellant.", "John C. Piland, State\u2019s Attorney, of Urbana (Norbert J. Goetten, Robert J. Biderman, and Thomas R. Ewick, all of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BILLY D. PALMER, Defendant-Appellant.\nFourth District\nNos. 4\u201403\u20140111, 4\u201403\u20140756 cons.\nOpinion filed October 8, 2004.\nDaniel D. Yuhas and Nancy L. Vincent, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Springfield, for appellant.\nJohn C. Piland, State\u2019s Attorney, of Urbana (Norbert J. Goetten, Robert J. Biderman, and Thomas R. Ewick, all of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0891-01", "first_page_order": 909, "last_page_order": 913 }