{ "id": 3749971, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. DONELMO GOODUM, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Goodum", "decision_date": "2005-05-06", "docket_number": "No. 3-03-0003", "first_page": "1081", "last_page": "1087", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "356 Ill. App. 3d 1081" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "765 A.2d 687", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "visual inspection of license plate mounted on moving car in public view, as well as random computer check of license, was not a search" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "145 N.H. 640", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.H.", "case_ids": [ 200891 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "visual inspection of license plate mounted on moving car in public view, as well as random computer check of license, was not a search" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nh/145/0640-01" ] }, { "cite": "137 Ariz. 278", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ariz.", "case_ids": [ 716136 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "noting license plate number on car being driven and calling in for license check was not a search" }, { "parenthetical": "noting license plate number on car being driven and calling in for license check was not a search" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ariz/137/0278-01" ] }, { "cite": "699 F.2d 18", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1510661 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "no search to view license on car parked in driveway" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/699/0018-01" ] }, { "cite": "389 U.S. 347", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11339173 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1967, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/389/0347-01" ] }, { "cite": "134 N.J. 536", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.J.", "case_ids": [ 330795 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nj/134/0536-01" ] }, { "cite": "473 N.E.2d 350", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "129 Ill. App. 3d 822", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3489128 ], "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/129/0822-01" ] }, { "cite": "665 N.E.2d 1290", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "172 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 55997 ], "year": 1996, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/172/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "765 N.E.2d 991", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "199 Ill. 2d 28", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 58953 ], "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/199/0028-01" ] }, { "cite": "390 N.E.2d 65", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "no search for officer to call in license number of moving vehicle for registration check" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "71 Ill. App. 3d 698", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5581596 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "no search for officer to call in license number of moving vehicle for registration check" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/71/0698-01" ] }, { "cite": "637 N.E.2d 580", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "265 Ill. App. 3d 462", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 872494 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/265/0462-01" ] }, { "cite": "799 N.E.2d 986", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 2003, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "343 Ill. App. 3d 987", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3718632 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2003, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/343/0987-01" ] }, { "cite": "414 U.S. 218", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11715586 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/414/0218-01" ] }, { "cite": "508 U.S. 366", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12205 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/508/0366-01" ] }, { "cite": "780 N.E.2d 707", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "331 Ill. App. 3d 1049", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1209129 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/331/1049-01" ] }, { "cite": "463 U.S. 1032", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6203160 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/463/1032-01" ] }, { "cite": "581 N.E.2d 730", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "221 Ill. App. 3d 13", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5796653 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/221/0013-01" ] }, { "cite": "777 N.E.2d 581", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "334 Ill. App. 3d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 521926 ], "year": 2002, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/334/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "392 U.S. 1", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6167798 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1968, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/392/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "748 N.E.2d 798", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "321 Ill. App. 3d 1001", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 132365 ], "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/321/1001-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 749, "char_count": 14912, "ocr_confidence": 0.76, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.8013203023923426e-08, "percentile": 0.36148902889705153 }, "sha256": "b2b9774c832aa36ecd57cb844c6e17a7fa214cd42947e76ac0afe473dd524df2", "simhash": "1:ba9570ada3f007d7", "word_count": 2572 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:18:02.423948+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. DONELMO GOODUM, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE BARRY\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nThe defendant, Donelmo Goodum, was charged with Class 4 felony retail theft (720 ILCS 5/16A \u2014 3(a), 16A \u2014 10(2) (West 2002)). His motion to suppress the evidence was denied. Following a stipulated bench trial, the court found the defendant guilty and sentenced him to 60 months of T.A.S.C. probation. On appeal, the defendant argues that the court erred by denying his motion to suppress. We affirm.\nBACKGROUND\nIn its indictment, the State charged the defendant with having committed retail theft on March 14, 2002. On June 11, 2002, the defendant filed a motion to quash the arrest and suppress the evidence.\nAt the hearing on the motion to suppress, Joliet police officer T\u00edzoc Tanderos testified that during the early morning hours of March 14, 2002, he and his partner were on stationary patrol in their squad car in the parking lot of a Citgo station in Joliet. At approximately 3:20 a.m., the officers observed a Mazda automobile with two occupants pull into the gas pump area of the station. Tanderos could not recall if the defendant was the driver or the passenger of the car. The defendant, however, testified that he was the passenger in the car. The defendant and Jessie Shaw exited the car and walked into the station. At that time, the officers did not know the identities of these two men.\nAfter the car parked at the station, Tanderos asked the radio dispatcher to run a background check on the car\u2019s license plate number. The dispatcher advised the officers that an arrest warrant was outstanding for the owner of the car, Larry Shaw. Later, the officers learned that Larry Shaw is Jessie Shaw\u2019s brother. At that time, the dispatcher neither advised the officers about the nature of the arrest warrant nor gave the officers a description of Larry Shaw.\nAs the defendant and Jessie Shaw returned to the car, the officers drove their squad car into the gas pump area of the station and stopped with the squad car facing the front of the Mazda. The following exchange took place between the prosecutor and Tanderos concerning his encounter with the defendant:\n\u201cQ. Which side of the car did you approach Mr. Goodum on?\nA. I was sitting I believe \u2014 I don\u2019t remember where I was, if I was driving or I was the passenger of the squad car, but when we exit[ed] them they were both in front of the Mazda. We approached the front of the Mazda with our squad cars [sic], so they were almost facing each other to an angle, angled off a little bit.\u201d\nTanderos then approached the defendant and the other officer approached Jessie in the space between the squad car and the Mazda.\nTanderos asked the defendant for his name, which the defendant told the officer. The defendant also correctly spelled his name for Tanderos. When the officer asked the defendant for identification, the defendant said that he did not have identification. The defendant also told Tanderos his birth date. The officer then called the dispatcher with the defendant\u2019s name and date of birth. The dispatcher stated that there were no warrants outstanding for the person with that name and date of birth.\nTanderos said he then asked the dispatcher for a description of Tarry Shaw. The officer said that the description the dispatcher gave him closely matched the defendant\u2019s height, weight, and age. At that point, Tanderos believed that the defendant was Tarry Shaw and was lying about his identity. Tanderos\u2019 partner received identification from the other recent occupant of the car indicating that he was Jessie Shaw.\nTanderos noticed that the defendant\u2019s \u201ccoat was a little bulky\u201d and that there were \u201cbulges in his coat.\u201d Tanderos also observed that the defendant was a \u201clittle nervous.\u201d\nThe officer asked the defendant \u201cwhat was in his coat.\u201d Tanderos then testified as follows:\n\u201cHe said a sandwich which is a little weird just to have a sandwich, bulky sandwich in your coat. However, we still believed that he was possibly lying to us about his name due to the warrant, so I patted him down for weapons also and possibly any identification or anything like that.\u201d\nDefense counsel asked Tanderos, \u201cDid you fear for your safety *** with the defendant?\u201d Tanderos answered, \u201cIt made me suspicious of the way he was acting so I didn\u2019t \u2014 we didn\u2019t know what we had at the time. He \u2014 yeah, maybe, yes, a little bit.\u201d The following exchange also took place between the defendant\u2019s attorney and Tanderos:\n\u201cQ. And based upon your training and experience were you in fear of your safety at that point believing that this may in fact be Larry Shaw?\nA. Yes, just because you don\u2019t know how somebody is going to react when they find out that they\u2019re going to be apprehended by the police *** on a warrant or *** be arrested.\u201d\nThe following exchange took place between the prosecutor and Landeros:\n\u201cQ. How did you proceed to do the pat search?\nA. With my hands started around the waist area, the pants. Normally that\u2019s where most people have weapons. After that I felt *** various bulky objects in the coat, went to the legs, over the pants of the pockets with an open hand.\n* * *\nI didn\u2019t feel that the mushy items in the coat right away would hurt me or my partner *** so [I] just kept moving on patting over the pockets, the rear pockets, the legs, up high in the coat toward the chest area, armpits.\u201d\nWhile Landeros was patting one of the defendant\u2019s rear pants pockets, the officer felt what he thought was a pipe used for smoking crack cocaine. The officer testified that he saw what appeared to be the end of a crack pipe sticking out of the defendant\u2019s pocket. Landeros retrieved the crack pipe from the defendant\u2019s pocket. The officer stated that, \u201cafter finding the pipe we knew we could charge him with that so we were detaining him for that.\u201d\nLanderos then searched inside the defendant\u2019s coat. Landeros said, \u201cI [did not] want to have him start reaching in his coat, pull out any surprises, so you know, I unzipped his coat and retrieved various food items from his coat.\u201d\nAt the conclusion of the suppression hearing, the judge denied the motion to suppress without making any factual findings. The matter proceeded to a stipulated bench trial in which the court found the defendant guilty of retail theft for having stolen the food items from the gas station. The court imposed sentence and the defendant appealed.\nANALYSIS\nThe defendant contends that the trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress.\nBecause a trial court\u2019s ultimate decision concerning a motion to suppress is a question of law, our review is de novo. People v. Simac, 321 Ill. App. 3d 1001, 748 N.E.2d 798 (2001).\nUnder the fourth and fourteenth amendments to the Constitution of the United States, a person has a right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures. U.S. Const., amends, iy XIV In Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 20 L. Ed. 2d 889, 88 S. Ct. 1868 (1968), the United States Supreme Court announced an exception to the general rule that warrantless searches are unreasonable. Terry permits a police officer to temporarily detain an individual when the officer\u2019s observations create a reasonable, articulable suspicion that the individual has committed or is about to commit a crime. Additionally, an officer may pat down an individual during a Terry stop, but only if the officer reasonably believes the individual is armed and dangerous. Terry, 392 U.S. 1, 20 L. Ed. 2d 889, 88 S. Ct. 1868; People v. DeLuna, 334 Ill. App. 3d 1, 777 N.E.2d 581 (2002).\nA single bulge in a defendant\u2019s clothing, by itself, does not justify a Terry stop and pat-down search. See 4 W. LaFave, Search & Seizure \u00a7 9.5(a), at 248 (3d ed. 1996). However, such a bulge, when combined with other circumstances related to the original reason for the Terry stop, is sufficient to justify a Terry frisk. See People v. Morales, 221 Ill. App. 3d 13, 581 N.E.2d 730 (1991). \u201c[I]f in response to inquiries the suspect gives an implausible account of his actions, this can help establish grounds to frisk.\u201d 4 W LaFave, Search & Seizure \u00a7 9.5(a), at 250 (3d ed. 1996). Other circumstances that may be combined to raise a reasonable, articulable suspicion include the lateness of the hour and a suspect\u2019s nervousness. See Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 77 L. Ed. 2d 1201, 103 S. Ct. 3469 (1983); People v. Smith, 331 Ill. App. 3d 1049, 780 N.E.2d 707 (2002).\nAdditionally, an object discovered by the officer\u2019s sense of feel during the frisk may give the officer probable cause to believe that the object is contraband. In such a case, a further search is then justified because of that newly acquired probable cause. Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366, 124 L. Ed. 2d 334, 113 S. Ct. 2130 (1993); Morales, 221 Ill. App. 3d 13, 581 N.E.2d 730.\nThe custodial arrest of a suspect based on probable cause is a reasonable intrusion under the fourth amendment, and a search incident to that arrest requires no additional justification. United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218, 38 L. Ed. 2d 427, 94 S. Ct. 467 (1973); People v. Morales, 343 Ill. App. 3d 987, 799 N.E.2d 986 (2003). An arrest occurs when a reasonable person would believe he was not free to leave. People v. Booth, 265 Ill. App. 3d 462, 637 N.E.2d 580 (1994).\nIn the present case, Landeros asked the dispatcher to run a background check on the license plate number of the Mazda, which was parked in plain view at the gas station. Requesting such a background check on a parked car\u2019s license number does not require an officer\u2019s observation of illegal or suspicious behavior on the part of the car\u2019s occupants.\n\u201c \u2018What a person knowingly exposes to the public,\u2019 the Supreme Court declared in Katz v. United States, \u2018is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection.\u2019 This being so, it is apparent that when a vehicle is parked *** in a lot or at some other location where it is readily subject to observation by members of the public, it is no search for the police to look at the exterior of the vehicle.\u201d 1 W LaFave, Search & Seizure \u00a7 2.5(a), at 554 (3d ed. 1996).\nSee also People v. Brand, 71 Ill. App. 3d 698, 390 N.E.2d 65 (1979) (no search for officer to call in license number of moving vehicle for registration check).\nAfter Tanderos learned from the dispatcher that the owner of the car, Tarry Shaw, was wanted on an arrest warrant, he had a reasonable suspicion that one of the car\u2019s recent occupants might be Tarry Shaw. Thus, Tanderos had a reasonable, articulable suspicion that one of the car\u2019s recent occupants had committed a crime and was subject to arrest. Under Terry, the officer was justified in briefly detaining the defendant, after the defendant emerged from the convenience store.\nAs Tanderos questioned the defendant about his identity, Tanderos noticed that his coat was \u201cbulky\u201d and exhibited \u201cbulges.\u201d Tanderos combined this observation with other circumstances related to the original reason for the Terry stop. See Morales, 221 Ill. App. 3d 13, 581 N.E.2d 730.\nThe defendant gave the implausible explanation that multiple bulges in his coat were caused by a single sandwich. Having received an implausible explanation for the bulges in the coat, Tanderos had little reason to believe the defendant\u2019s assertion that he was Donelmo Goodum and not Tarry Shaw. Individuals routinely give false names and dates of birth to police officers. See, e.g., People v. Ellis, 199 Ill. 2d 28, 765 N.E.2d 991 (2002); People v. Brown, 172 Ill. 2d 1, 665 N.E.2d 1290 (1996); People v. Simpson, 129 Ill. App. 3d 822, 473 N.E.2d 350 (1984).\nThe encounter took place at the late hour of 3:20 a.m. See Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 77 L. Ed. 2d 1201, 103 S. Ct. 3469; Smith, 331 Ill. App. 3d 1049, 780 N.E.2d 707. Landeros observed that the defendant seemed nervous. See Smith, 331 Ill. App. 3d 1049, 780 N.E.2d 707. The combined circumstances, which included the bulges in the defendant\u2019s coat, the defendant\u2019s implausible explanation for the bulges, Landeros\u2019 reasonable belief that the person before him was subject to arrest, the lateness of the hour, and the defendant\u2019s nervousness, gave Landeros a reasonable, articulable suspicion that the defendant might be armed and dangerous. See Morales, 221 Ill. App. 3d 13, 581 N.E.2d 730. Thus, under Terry, Landeros was justified in frisking the defendant.\nAs Landeros patted down the defendant, he discovered a crack pipe by feel and in plain view sticking out of the defendant\u2019s pants pocket. Even though the frisk revealed that the bulges in the defendant\u2019s coat were not weapons, Landeros now had probable cause to seize the crack pipe and arrest the defendant for its possession. See Morales, 343 Ill. App. 3d 987, 799 N.E.2d 986. Regardless of whether Landeros told the defendant that he was under arrest, the defendant was not free to go. Therefore, he was under arrest. See Booth, 265 Ill. App. 3d 462, 637 N.E.2d 580. Landeros then was justified in conducting a more thorough search incident to that arrest. See Robinson, 414 U.S. 218, 38 L. Ed. 2d 427, 94 S. Ct. 467; Morales, 343 Ill. App. 3d 987, 799 N.E.2d 986. It was during the search incident to the arrest that Landeros found the stolen items that were the subject of the motion to suppress.\nIn summary, the incremental steps in the circumstances of this case justified Landeros\u2019 search inside the defendant\u2019s coat and seizure of the food items concealed inside the coat. The circumstances led from a Terry stop, to a Terry frisk, to probable cause to arrest, and finally, to a search and seizure of evidence incident to an arrest.\nCONCLUSION\nFor the foregoing reasons, we hold that the trial court did not err as a matter of law by denying the defendant\u2019s motion to quash the arrest and suppress the evidence. Thus, we affirm the judgment of the Will County circuit court.\nAffirmed.\nMcDADE and O\u2019BRIEN, JJ., concur.\nLaFave cited State v. Valentine, 134 N.J. 536, 636 A.2d 505 (1994), which we may only consider as persuasive authority.\nKatz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 19 L. Ed. 2d 576, 88 S. Ct. 507 (1967).\nLaFave cited the following: United States v. Hensel, 699 F.2d 18 (1st Cir. 1983) (no search to view license on car parked in driveway); State v. Harding, 137 Ariz. 278, 670 P.2d 383 (1983) (noting license plate number on car being driven and calling in for license check was not a search); State v. Richter, 145 N.H. 640, 765 A.2d 687 (2000) (visual inspection of license plate mounted on moving car in public view, as well as random computer check of license, was not a search).", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE BARRY" } ], "attorneys": [ "Robert Agostinelli, of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Ottawa, and Edwin R. McCullough, of Chicago, for appellant.", "James Glasgow, State\u2019s Attorney, of Joliet (Lawrence M. Bauer and Robert M. Hansen, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. DONELMO GOODUM, Defendant-Appellant.\nThird District\nNo. 3\u201403\u20140003\nOpinion filed May 6, 2005.\nRobert Agostinelli, of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Ottawa, and Edwin R. McCullough, of Chicago, for appellant.\nJames Glasgow, State\u2019s Attorney, of Joliet (Lawrence M. Bauer and Robert M. Hansen, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "1081-01", "first_page_order": 1099, "last_page_order": 1105 }