{ "id": 5766830, "name": "THOMAS S. SMOLINSKI, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JOHN C. VOJTA et al., Defendants-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Smolinski v. Vojta", "decision_date": "2006-02-21", "docket_number": "No. 1-04-3851", "first_page": "752", "last_page": "758", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "363 Ill. App. 3d 752" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "336 Ill. App. 3d 83", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1599256 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "88", "parenthetical": "observing, in holding that an attorney fee award had merged into the judgment for dissolution, that \"[t]he request for attorney fees in a dissolution action that has not yet been resolved is not an independent action and must be considered to be part of the overall divorce proceeding\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/336/0083-01" ] }, { "cite": "260 Ill. App. 3d 816", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2864116 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "827-28" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/260/0816-01" ] }, { "cite": "28 Ill. 2d 199", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5363115 ], "year": 1963, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "201-02" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/28/0199-01" ] }, { "cite": "195 Ill. 2d 426", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 725351 ], "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "433" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/195/0426-01" ] }, { "cite": "16 Ill. App. 3d 331", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2519488 ], "year": 1974, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "333" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/16/0331-01" ] }, { "cite": "205 Ill. App. 3d 1060", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2569305 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1066" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/205/1060-01" ] }, { "cite": "344 Ill. App. 3d 378", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3777156 ], "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "385", "parenthetical": "holding that where the failure of an appellant to include a report of proceedings deprives a reviewing court of the ability to scrutinize the reasoning behind a circuit court's decision, a reviewing court should affirm" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/344/0378-01" ] }, { "cite": "131 Ill. App. 3d 80", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3435464 ], "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "84" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/131/0080-01" ] }, { "cite": "74 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2993996 ], "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "7" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/74/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "99 Ill. 2d 389", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3164374 ], "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/99/0389-01" ] }, { "cite": "37 Ill. App. 3d 259", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2716167 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "260-61" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/37/0259-01" ] }, { "cite": "32 Ill. App. 2d 64", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5233498 ], "year": 1961, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "abstract of op." } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/32/0064-02" ] }, { "cite": "225 Ill. App. 3d 1050", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5244141 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1053", "parenthetical": "precluding challenge to attorney fees in a divorce proceeding under a section 2 - 1401 petition" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/225/1050-01" ] }, { "cite": "236 Ill. App. 3d 75", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5782729 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "80-81", "parenthetical": "\"A section 2 - 1401 petition is not intended to provide for review of an order from which a party could have taken a timely appeal, and such a petition is not to be invoked as a substitute for a party's right to appeal\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/236/0075-01" ] }, { "cite": "212 Ill. App. 3d 806", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2598840 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding that property settlement could be reopened when obtained by fraud" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/212/0806-01" ] }, { "cite": "114 Ill. 2d 209", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5542740 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "222" }, { "page": "225" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/114/0209-01" ] }, { "cite": "24 Ill. App. 3d 776", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5307115 ], "year": 1974, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "778" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/24/0776-01" ] }, { "cite": "150 Ill. App. 3d 890", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3503300 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "895", "parenthetical": "\"The court in which a dissolution proceeding is pending has jurisdiction over the matter of attorney fees and continues to do so for a period of 30 days after entry of its final judgment\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/150/0890-01" ] }, { "cite": "828 N.E.2d 889", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "892" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "357 Ill. App. 3d 496", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4135311 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "499" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/357/0496-01" ] }, { "cite": "71 Ill. App. 3d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5578384 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "5-6", "parenthetical": "\"None of the parties have raised the jurisdiction of this court as an issue. However, the parties cannot confer jurisdiction where none exists\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/71/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "295 Ill. App. 3d 1067", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 45689 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1069" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/295/1067-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 755, "char_count": 14777, "ocr_confidence": 0.754, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.7434089213232824e-07, "percentile": 0.70735629760654 }, "sha256": "8dd3a35ae56b57f777f79896c4e5c7a873c271735f4ed538dcec4c51af5f75ea", "simhash": "1:8dfe695a350084a7", "word_count": 2476 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:25:30.372916+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THOMAS S. SMOLINSKI, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JOHN C. VOJTA et al., Defendants-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE GORDON\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff, Thomas Smolinski, appeals from the denial of his \u201cMotion for Judgment\u201d in post-divorce-decree proceedings, which allegedly challenged an award of interim attorney fees in the preceding divorce action. We dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.\nFACTUAL BACKGROUND\nDeLea Harris, formerly DeLea Smolinski, filed a petition for dissolution of marriage from her husband, plaintiff, on the grounds of irreconcilable differences, on June 12, 2000. This pleading commenced over three years of contentious litigation. As shall be seen, the substantive details of this litigation do not impact the review of the dispositive issue at hand.\nOn March 26, 2001, the circuit court entered an order for interim attorney fees for DeLea\u2019s counsel, to be paid by plaintiff, in the amount of $5,000. Plaintiff moved the court to reconsider its order, contending that he could only comply with the order through selling his assets and arguing that DeLea had misstated both her available resources and necessary expenditures to the court. The court denied the motion to reconsider and ultimately held plaintiff in contempt, ordering him jailed for his failure to pay the interim attorney fees. Plaintiff went on to post bail in the amount of $5,000, which was subsequently released to DeLea\u2019s counsel, Vojta, on November 26, 2001.\nThe circuit court entered a final judgment for dissolution of marriage on December 18, 2003. The order observed \u201cthat the parties have consented to the entry of the Judgment for Dissolution of Marriage after the pre-trial conference held with this Court and following the recommendations of this Court.\u201d The order further provided that \u201ceach party shall keep all property currently in each others possession\u201d and that \u201ceach party shall be responsible for their own attorney\u2019s fees.\u201d\nPostdecree litigation, generally pertaining to the custody of the former couple\u2019s two children, began less than one month later. However, on November 22, 2004, over 11 months after the entry of the judgment of dissolution, plaintiff filed a \u201cPetition for Judgment,\u201d unrelated to the custody litigation and allegedly attacking the prior award of interim attorney fees. The circuit court set the petition \u201cfor presentation\u201d on December 6, 2004. On December 6, 2004, the court \u201cbeing fully advised,\u201d per its order, denied the petition. Plaintiff filed his notice of appeal from this order on January 18, 2005.\nANALYSIS\nOn appeal, plaintiff contends that the circuit court erred in its determination that DeLea could not pay her own attorney fees. He further argues that interim attorney fees are statutorily contemplated as a loan to be repaid to the paying party at the conclusion of the divorce proceedings. We conclude that we are not able to proceed to the merits of these contentions because we lack jurisdiction over this appeal by reason of the fact that plaintiffs postjudgmezit pleading is an impermissible collateral attack on an issue that should have been appealed directly and because we possess an inadequate record on appeal.\nEven where jurisdiction is not raised by the parties, we \u201chave an independent duty to ensure our jurisdiction is proper.\u201d Department of Public Aid ex rel K.W. v. Lekberg, 295 Ill. App. 3d 1067, 1069 (1998); see also O'Donnell v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 71 Ill. App. 3d 1, 5-6 (1979) (\u201cNone of the parties have raised the jurisdiction of this court as an issue. However, the parties cannot confer jurisdiction where none exists\u201d). Plaintiffs notice of appeal, dated January 18, 2005, requests review of the December 6, 2004, order denying his petition. The notice is therefore filed well beyond 30 days after the denial of his petition and is untimely under Supreme Court Rule 303(a)(1). 107 Ill. 2d R. 303(a)(1) (\u201cthe notice of appeal must be filed with the clerk of the circuit court within 30 days after the entzy of the final judgment appealed from\u201d). \u201cCompliance with the deadlines for appeals set forth in Supreme Court Rule 303 is mandatory and jurisdictional\u201d (Berg v. White, 357 Ill. App. 3d 496, 499, 828 N.E.2d 889, 892 (2005)), so that we have no choice but to dismiss this tardy appeal.\nEven if the notice of appeal from the order of December 6, 2004, denying his petition were timely, plaintiff could not prevail on that petition because, as shall be demonstrated, that petition could only be viewed as a collateral attack on the judgment of dissolution entered on December 18, 2003, and, as a collateral attack on such judgment, it could not raise matters that could have been raised in a direct appeal from that judgment. Since it was filed 11 months after the final judgment in that proceeding was entered, it is clear that the petition for judgment urged by defendant would have no viability with respect to the original divorce proceedings except as a collateral attack upon it in the nature of a petition under section 2 \u2014 1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 1401 (West 2004)). The trial court would have been without jurisdiction to entertain any direct challenge since more than 30 days had passed from the time of the judgment of dissolution. See 735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 1203(a) (West 2004) (\u201cIn all cases tried without a jury, any party may, within 30 days after the entry of the judgment or within any further time the court may allow within the 30 days or any extensions thereof, file a motion for a rehearing, or a retrial, or modification of the judgment or to vacate the judgment or for other relief\u201d); In re Marriage of Baltzer, 150 Ill. App. 3d 890, 895 (1986) (\u201cThe court in which a dissolution proceeding is pending has jurisdiction over the matter of attorney fees and continues to do so for a period of 30 days after entry of its final judgment\u201d). The intervening postdecretal proceedings do not extend the original divorce proceeding as to the interim attorney fees which were terminated by the final order of dissolution. See 2 H. Gitlin, Gitlin on Divorce \u00a7 17 \u2014 1(a), at 17 \u2014 4 (3d ed. 2005) (\u201cIn a judgment of dissolution of marriage *** some provisions are nonmodifiable and others are modifiable and dynamic. Those provisions establishing the property rights of the parties are nonmodifiable, while those provisions relating to custody of children, child support, and maintenance are viable and dynamic and therefore can be modified by the court\u201d); 750 ILCS 5/510(a) (West 2004) (providing for postdecree modification of maintenance); 750 ILCS 5/610(b) (West 2004) (providing for postdecree modification of maintenance); 750 ILCS 5/501 (c \u2014 1)(2) (West 2004) (providing that \u201cinterim [attorney fee] awards *** shall be deemed to have been advances from the parties\u2019 marital estate\u201d). Therefore, the filing of this petition for judgment in postdecretal proceedings addressing child custody cannot revest the court with jurisdiction over the attorney fees resolved in the final order of dissolution. Consequently, although not so identified by the pro se plaintiff in his pleading or appeal, the only basis on which plaintiffs petition can be given any jurisdictional viability is to view it as a collateral attack in the nature of a section 2 \u2014 1401 petition. See 735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 1401 (West 2004). Such a petition permits judgments to be collaterally attacked by reason of \u201cfacts not appearing in the record which, if known to the court at the time judgment was entered, would have prevented its entry\u201d (Lacey v. Lacey, 24 Ill. App. 3d 776, 778 (1974)) and which \u201c \u2018through no fault or negligence of [the petitioner], *** [were] not made to appear to the trial court.\u2019 [Citation.]\u201d (Smith v. Airoom, Inc., 114 Ill. 2d 209, 222 (1986)), or to \u201cprevent enforcement of a *** judgment when it would be unfair, unjust, or unconscionable\u201d (Smith, 114 Ill. 2d at 225; see also In re Marriage of Gurin, 212 Ill. App. 3d 806 (1991) (holding that property settlement could be reopened when obtained by fraud)), for up to two years following the judgment (see 735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 1401(c) (West 2004) (\u201cthe petition must be filed not later than 2 years after the entry of the order or judgment\u201d); 2 Gitlin on Divorce \u00a7 16B \u2014 1.5, at 16B \u2014 2.1 (3d ed. 2005) (\u201cSection 2 \u2014 1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure governs the vacatur of all judgments 30 days after entry\u201d)).\nHowever, as a section 2 \u2014 1401 petition, the plaintiff\u2019s petition must fail because its grounds, namely, his relative indigence compared to his wife and her alleged misrepresentations as to her income and obligations, were fully argued before the circuit court and, as such, could have been raised in a direct appeal which was not forthcoming. Accordingly, they cannot now be invoked through a collateral attack under section 2 \u2014 1401. Universal Outdoor, Inc. v. City of Des Plaines, 236 Ill. App. 3d 75, 80-81 (1992) (\u201cA section 2 \u2014 1401 petition is not intended to provide for review of an order from which a party could have taken a timely appeal, and such a petition is not to be invoked as a substitute for a party\u2019s right to appeal\u201d); Stacke v. Bates, 225 Ill. App. 3d 1050, 1053 (1992) (precluding challenge to attorney fees in a divorce proceeding under a section 2 \u2014 1401 petition); accord Jones v. Jones, 32 Ill. App. 2d 64 (1961) (abstract of op.).\nFinally, were we not required to dismiss this appeal on jurisdictional grounds, we would still be compelled to affirm based on the state of the record. Here, we do not even have the petition for judgment, the denial of which forms the basis of the appeal, included in the record. We do possess a copy of a pleading labeled \u201cPetition for Judgment,\u201d the first page of which is date stamped November 22, 2004. However, it is plain to see that this cannot be the petition that was before the circuit court, for its averments detail its ultimate resolution. Specifically, the petition we possess states:\n\u201c12. That on November 22, 2004 a petition for judgment was filed in this case for a rule for the return of Interim attorney fees, (exhibit H)\n13. That on November 22, 2004 a court date of December 6, 2004 was set for this matter.\n14. That on December 6, 2004 a hearing on the petition for judgment of the return of interim attorney fees. An order was entered Judgment was denied, (exhibit J)\u201d\nMoreover, though the circuit court\u2019s order set December 6, 2004, as the date for \u201cpresentation\u201d of plaintiff\u2019s petition, suggesting that a hearing with argument would take place, we have no transcript, bystander\u2019s report, or agreed statement of facts, as required by Supreme Court Rule 323 (166 Ill. 2d Rs. 323(c), (d)).\nThe law is well settled that appellants bear the duty to \u201cpresent a record *** which fairly and fully presents all matters necessary and material for a decision of the question raised.\u201d LaPlaca v. Gilbert & Wolf, Inc., 37 Ill. App. 3d 259, 260-61 (1976); see also Foutch v. O'Bryant, 99 Ill. 2d 389 (1984). In the absence of such a record, we will not speculate as to what errors may have occurred below. As the court said in People v. Edwards:\n\u201cA reviewing court may not guess at the harm to an appellant *** where a record is incomplete. This is not its role. Rather the reviewing court evaluates the record, as it is, for error. Where the record is insufficient or does not demonstrate the alleged error, the reviewing court must refrain from supposition and decide accordingly.\u201d People v. Edwards, 74 Ill. 2d 1, 7 (1978).\nIn fact, when the record on appeal is incomplete, a reviewing court should actually \u201cindulge in every reasonable presumption favorable to the judgment from which the appeal is taken, including that the trial court ruled or acted correctly.\u201d People v. Majer, 131 Ill. App. 3d 80, 84 (1985); see also People v. Probst, 344 Ill. App. 3d 378, 385 (2003) (holding that where the failure of an appellant to include a report of proceedings deprives a reviewing court of the ability to scrutinize the reasoning behind a circuit court\u2019s decision, a reviewing court should affirm). The presumption of correctness in the circuit court is especially strong when, as here, there is an indication that the court below was \u201cfully advised in the premises.\u201d Mars v. Priester, 205 Ill. App. 3d 1060, 1066 (1990); Boysen v. Antioch Sheet Metal, Inc., 16 Ill. App. 3d 331, 333 (1974) (\u201cOf further significance is that the judgment order expressly provides that the trial court heard evidence and was fully advised in the premises. Such language raises the presumption that the judgment is supported by the evidence in absence of any contrary indication in the order or record\u201d). This presumption even operates to the extent that \u201cwhere the record lacks information of evidence presented at a hearing, [a reviewing court will not] assume none was heard and that the court\u2019s order, therefore, was improper. Instead, *** \u2018it [will] presume[ ] that the court heard adequate evidence to support the decision that was rendered\u2019 unless the record indicates otherwise.\u201d Webster v. Hartman, 195 Ill. 2d 426, 433 (2001), quoting Skaggs v. Junis, 28 Ill. 2d 199, 201-02 (1963). Therefore, based on the inadequacy of the record in this case, we must presume the result below was correct. For all the foregoing reasons, we dismiss the appeal.\nAppeal dismissed.\nCAHILL, EJ., and McBRIDE, J., concur.\nIn point of fact, the judgment that plaintiff would be required to attack if he desired any review of the award of interim attorney fees would be the judgment of dissolution, though were he able to attack the order awarding interim attorney fees in isolation, that would only make his challenge that much more untimely. See In re Marriage of Dunseth, 260 Ill. App. 3d 816, 827-28 (1994) (\u201cTemporary orders certainly may not be appealed immediately, on an interlocutory basis, before the entry of a final order. [Citation.] Once the final order is entered it must be assumed that the trial court has thereby adjusted for any inequity in its temporary orders. [Citation.] On appeal we should consider whether the trial court\u2019s final order, its overall resolution of the issues, is erroneous, not whether some part thereof is erroneous\u201d (emphasis in original)); In re Marriage of King, 336 Ill. App. 3d 83, 88 (2002) (observing, in holding that an attorney fee award had merged into the judgment for dissolution, that \u201c[t]he request for attorney fees in a dissolution action that has not yet been resolved is not an independent action and must be considered to be part of the overall divorce proceeding\u201d).\nNone of the exhibits referred to in the petition were attached to the copy presented in the record.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE GORDON" } ], "attorneys": [ "Thomas S. Smolinski, of Chicago, appellant pro se." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THOMAS S. SMOLINSKI, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. JOHN C. VOJTA et al., Defendants-Appellees.\nFirst District (1st Division)\nNo. 1-04-3851\nOpinion filed February 21, 2006.\nThomas S. Smolinski, of Chicago, appellant pro se." }, "file_name": "0752-01", "first_page_order": 770, "last_page_order": 776 }