{ "id": 4262681, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ANTHONY W. NEWBOLDS, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Newbolds", "decision_date": "2006-03-20", "docket_number": "No. 5\u201402\u20140526", "first_page": "672", "last_page": "679", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "364 Ill. App. 3d 672" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "225 Ill. App. 3d 1065", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5243886 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1068" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/225/1065-01" ] }, { "cite": "183 Ill. 2d 366", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 209962 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "380-81" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/183/0366-01" ] }, { "cite": "168 Ill. 2d 509", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 307270 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "522" }, { "page": "522-23" }, { "page": "522-23" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/168/0509-01" ] }, { "cite": "169 Ill. 2d 355", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 909170 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "372" }, { "page": "372" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/169/0355-01" ] }, { "cite": "206 Ill. 2d 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 1578284 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "12" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/206/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "197 Ill. 2d 239", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 259103 ], "weight": 9, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "247" }, { "page": "247" }, { "page": "244" }, { "page": "244" }, { "page": "244" }, { "page": "246-47" }, { "page": "246-47" }, { "page": "246" }, { "page": "246" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/197/0239-01" ] }, { "cite": "215 Ill. 2d 427", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 4060088 ], "weight": 7, "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "443" }, { "page": "443" }, { "page": "443-44" }, { "page": "450-51" }, { "page": "443-44" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/215/0427-01" ] }, { "cite": "352 Ill. App. 3d 678", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5459080 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2004, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/352/0678-01" ] }, { "cite": "530 U.S. 466", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 9413911 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2000, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/530/0466-01" ] }, { "cite": "325 Ill. App. 3d 192", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 570694 ], "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/325/0192-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 627, "char_count": 17751, "ocr_confidence": 0.794, "pagerank": { "raw": 7.795773811241627e-08, "percentile": 0.4569355201789757 }, "sha256": "86ebe16ae7f2b808781619ea4bb67df9b4216ffe58cd7b276d74483030baa5c5", "simhash": "1:9aaeb5bdf29d2ff9", "word_count": 2900 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:36:54.493342+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ANTHONY W. NEWBOLDS, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE WELCH\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nFollowing a bench trial in the circuit court of Williamson County, the defendant, Anthony W Newbolds, was convicted of home invasion and, on April 11, 2000, was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 22 years. His conviction and sentence were affirmed by this court on direct appeal. People v. Newbolds, 325 Ill. App. 3d 192 (2001). The facts relating to the defendant\u2019s crime, conviction, and sentence are set forth therein, and we will not repeat them here. In that appeal, the defendant raised a single issue \u2014 the applicability of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 147 L. Ed. 2d 435, 120 S. Ct. 2348 (2000), to the truth-in-sentencing law.\nOn May 31, 2002, the defendant, acting pro se, filed the first of two petitions pursuant to the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Act) (725 ILCS 5/122 \u2014 1 et seq. (West 2002)). The petition was 72 pages long and raised a myriad of issues. It was subsequently amended, pro se, adding an additional argument.\nOn July 1, 2002, the circuit court of Williamson County dismissed the petition as frivolous or patently without merit pursuant to section 122 \u2014 2.1(a)(2) of the Act (725 ILCS 5/122 \u2014 2.1(a)(2) (West 2002)). The circuit court specifically found that the defendant had not \u201cmet his burden of making a substantial showing\u201d of a denial of his constitutional rights and that the issues raised in the petition either had been raised and decided in the defendant\u2019s direct appeal, and were therefore res judicata, or could have been raised in the direct appeal but were not, and were therefore waived. After the denial of his motion to reconsider the dismissal of his postconviction petition, the defendant filed a notice of appeal.\nWhile the appeal from the dismissal of his first postconviction petition was pending, the defendant filed, on January 22, 2003, a second pro se postconviction petition asserting, among other things, that the dismissal of the first petition on waiver and res judicata grounds had been improper. This second petition was 152 pages long and, like the first petition, was verified.\nOn February 5, 2003, the circuit court of Williamson County dismissed the second postconviction petition as frivolous or patently without merit. The circuit court specifically found that the defendant had not \u201cmet his burden of making a substantial showing\u201d of a deprivation of his constitutional rights. After the denial of his motion to reconsider, the defendant also appealed the dismissal of his second postconviction petition.\nOn this court\u2019s own motion, the two appeals were consolidated for review. In his brief on appeal, the defendant points out that the second postconviction petition raises no substantive claims independent of those contained in the first petition. Accordingly, the defendant states that on appeal he challenges only the dismissal of the first postconviction petition, urging that both bases for the circuit court\u2019s dismissal were erroneous.\nOn September 30, 2004, we reversed the circuit court\u2019s summary dismissal of the defendant\u2019s postconviction petition, holding that a summary dismissal on the grounds of res judicata and waiver was not appropriate at the first stage of postconviction proceedings because these grounds for a dismissal are affirmative defenses which, like the ground of untimeliness, are properly left for the second stage of post-conviction proceedings. People v. Newbolds, 352 Ill. App. 3d 678 (2004). We remanded the cause to the circuit court for further proceedings under the Act.\nOn June 3, 2005, the Illinois Supreme Court decided People v. Blair, 215 Ill. 2d 427 (2005), in which it held that section 122\u2014 2.1(a)(2) of the Act does allow a summary, first-stage dismissal of a postconviction petition on the grounds of res judicata and/or waiver. The supreme court concluded that, in enacting section 122 \u2014 2.1(a)(2) of the Act, the legislature had intended that the phrase \u201cfrivolous or *** patently without merit\u201d encompassed res judicata and waiver.\nOn September 29, 2005, pursuant to its supervisory authority, the Illinois Supreme Court directed us to vacate our previous judgment herein (People v. Newbolds, 352 Ill. App. 3d 678 (2004)) and to reconsider the case in light of the supreme court\u2019s decision in People v. Blair, 215 Ill. 2d 427 (2005). Accordingly, we vacated our previous judgment which held that the circuit court could not, at the first stage of postconviction proceedings, dismiss the defendant\u2019s postconviction petition on the grounds of res judicata and waiver. We must now examine the allegations of the defendant\u2019s petition to determine whether the circuit court\u2019s findings that the defendant\u2019s claims are barred by res judicata or waiver are correct.\nOur review of the circuit court\u2019s dismissal of a postconviction petition pursuant to section 122 \u2014 2.1(a)(2) of the Act is de novo. People v. Edwards, 197 Ill. 2d 239, 247 (2001). We are free to substitute our own judgment for that of the circuit court in order to formulate the legally correct answer. Edwards, 197 Ill 2d at 247.\nThe purpose of a postconviction proceeding is to permit an inquiry into constitutional issues involved in the original conviction and sentence that were not, and could not have been, adjudicated previously on direct appeal. People v. Harris, 206 Ill. 2d 1, 12 (2002). Accordingly, in an initial postconviction proceeding, the common law doctrines of res judicata and waiver operate to bar the raising of claims that were or could have been adjudicated on direct appeal. Blair, 215 Ill. 2d at 443. The doctrine of res judicata bars the consideration of issues that were previously raised and decided on direct appeal. Blair, 215 Ill. 2d at 443. The doctrine of waiver or forfeiture bars claims that could have been raised on direct appeal but were not. Blair, 215 Ill. 2d at 443-44. Exceptions to these doctrines may allow otherwise-barred claims to proceed where fundamental fairness so requires, where the alleged forfeiture stems from the incompetence of appellate counsel, or where the facts relating to the claim do not appear on the face of the original appellate record. Blair, 215 Ill. 2d at 450-51. With respect to this third exception to the waiver rule, it is not so much that the claim could not have been presented or raised by a party on direct appeal, but that such a claim could not have been considered by the reviewing court because the claim\u2019s evidentiary basis was de hors the record and a reviewing court may not consider matters not of record. People v. Whitehead, 169 Ill. 2d 355, 372 (1996). The exception saves such claims irrespective of whether their supporting facts are available as a practical matter at the time of the direct appeal; if they are not a part of the trial record, they may not be considered by the reviewing court on a direct appeal. Whitehead, 169 Ill. 2d at 372.\nThe defendant challenges the dismissal of only five of the claims contained in his postconviction petition: that he was deprived of a fair trial when he was forced to wear a 50,000-volt electric stun belt at the trial and that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the use of the device, that his 22-year prison sentence was unconstitutionally disproportionate to the 2-year terms received by his codefendants, that the trial court failed to make an inquiry into allegations of trial counsel\u2019s ineffectiveness, that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to pursue allegations of improper communication between the prosecutor and a detective during the detective\u2019s testimony at the hearing on the motion to quash his arrest, and that his appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to raise any and all of these claims on direct appeal.\nInitially, we note that none of the claims raised by the defendant in his postconviction petition were raised on direct appeal. Accordingly, they have not been ruled upon and are not res judicata. To the extent the trial court found that the claims were barred by res judicata, the trial court erred. The question then is whether the claims were waived, or forfeited, by the defendant\u2019s failure to raise them on direct appeal. The defendant argues that the claims were not forfeited by his failure to raise them on direct appeal, because they rely on facts outside the record for proof and therefore could not have been raised on direct appeal and/or because the failure to raise them on direct appeal is attributable to appellate counsel\u2019s ineffectiveness.\nWith respect to the first claim \u2014 that he was deprived of a fair trial when he was forced to wear a stun belt during the trial and that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object \u2014 we note that while it is clear from the record on appeal that the trial court permitted the sheriff\u2019s department to force the defendant to wear a stun belt during the defendant\u2019s bench trial, it is not clear from the record whether the defendant actually did wear a stun belt. The record on appeal reflects only that the trial court ruled that it was up to the sheriffs department to determine whether and how best to restrain the defendant, but it does not reflect what the sheriffs department actually did. Accordingly, any direct appeal of the trial court\u2019s ruling allowing the use of the stun belt would have been met with the argument that the defendant could not demonstrate prejudice because the record did not show that he actually did wear a stun belt. The defendant could only have been prejudiced by the trial court\u2019s ruling if he had, in fact, been forced to wear a stun belt. Because the record is not sufficient to establish this fact, the claim could not have been raised on direct appeal. Accordingly, this claim was not forfeited by the defendant\u2019s failure to raise it on direct appeal.\nFurthermore, the defendant alleges alternatively that his failure to raise this claim on direct appeal was due to his appellate counsel\u2019s ineffectiveness. A defendant is guaranteed the effective assistance of counsel on appeal. People v. Coleman, 168 Ill. 2d 509, 522 (1995). Accordingly, the doctrine of forfeiture does not bar the consideration of an issue where the forfeiture stems from the incompetency of counsel on appeal. Coleman, 168 Ill. 2d at 522-23. The trial court erred in summarily dismissing this claim as frivolous or patently without merit on the ground that it had been forfeited.\nWith respect to the disparate-sentencing claim, we do not agree with the defendant that this claim relied on matters outside the record and therefore could not have been raised on direct appeal. The record on appeal contains sufficient facts regarding the sentences received by the defendant\u2019s codefendants on which to base a disparate-sentencing argument on direct appeal. The record contains docket entries indicating that the codefendants had entered guilty pleas to reduced charges of aggravated battery in exchange for their testimony against the defendant and four-year sentence caps and that they had each received a two-year prison sentence. Accordingly, the exception to the forfeiture doctrine for matters based on facts outside the record does not apply to this claim. Nevertheless, the defendant also alleges that the failure to raise this alleged error on direct appeal was due to his appellate counsel\u2019s ineffectiveness. Accordingly, the doctrine of forfeiture does not bar the consideration of this claim. Coleman, 168 Ill. 2d at 522-23. The circuit court erred in summarily dismissing this claim as frivolous or patently without merit on the ground that it had been forfeited.\nSimilarly, the defendant\u2019s third claim \u2014 that the trial court erred in not adequately addressing the defendant\u2019s posttrial claims of the ineffective assistance of trial counsel \u2014 is not based on matters outside the record and could have been raised on direct appeal. The defendant concedes this point in his brief on appeal. However, again the defendant argues that the failure to raise this alleged error on direct appeal was a result of his appellate counsel\u2019s ineffectiveness. Accordingly, this claim is not barred by the doctrine of forfeiture, and the circuit court erred in summarily dismissing this claim as frivolous or patently without merit on the ground that it had been forfeited.\nThe defendant\u2019s fourth claim \u2014 that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to pursue allegations of improper communication, through facial gestures and head shaking, between the prosecutor and a detective during the detective\u2019s testimony at the hearing on the motion to quash arrest \u2014 is based on matters outside the record and could not have been raised on direct appeal. This claim was supported by the affidavits of Barbara Owens, who stated that she had witnessed the improper facial gestures and told the defendant\u2019s trial counsel about it. Because this claim relies for its proof on facts that are outside the record on appeal, it could not have been raised on direct appeal. Furthermore, the defendant argues alternatively that the failure to raise this claim on direct appeal was due to his appellate counsel\u2019s ineffectiveness. Accordingly, this claim was not forfeited by the defendant\u2019s failure to raise it on direct appeal.\nBecause none of the defendant\u2019s postconviction petition claims are either res judicata or forfeited for the failure to raise them on direct appeal, the circuit court erred in dismissing the postconviction petition as frivolous or patently without merit on the grounds of res judicata and forfeiture. Accordingly, we reverse the dismissal of the defendant\u2019s postconviction petition on these grounds.\nThe circuit court also dismissed the defendant\u2019s postconviction claims as frivolous or patently without merit because it found that the defendant had not \u201cmet his burden of making a substantial showing\u201d of a denial of his constitutional rights. A postconviction petition is considered frivolous or patently without merit only if the allegations of the petition, taken as true and liberally construed, fail to present the \u201cgist of a constitutional claim.\u201d Edwards, 197 Ill. 2d at 244. The \u201cgist\u201d standard is a low threshold, and to set forth the \u201cgist\u201d of a constitutional claim, the postconviction petition need only present a limited amount of detail and need not set forth the claim in its entirety. Edwards, 197 Ill. 2d at 244. Further, the petition need not include legal arguments or citations to legal authority. Edwards, 197 Ill. 2d at 244. Accordingly, at this first stage of proceedings, the defendant need not make a \u201csubstantial showing\u201d of a constitutional violation but need only present the \u201cgist\u201d of a constitutional claim, without legal argument or citation to legal authority. Edwards, 197 Ill. 2d at 246-47. If the defendant passes this initial hurdle of presenting the \u201cgist\u201d of a constitutional violation, he is entitled to the appointment of counsel, who can amend the petition to meet the higher hurdle of making a \u201csubstantial showing\u201d of a constitutional violation. 725 ILCS 5/122 \u2014 4 (West 2002).\nIn Edwards, 197 Ill. 2d at 246-47, the supreme court made it clear that, at the first stage of postconviction proceedings, the petition need only present the \u201cgist\u201d of a constitutional claim in order to proceed to the second stage of proceedings, at which the State is required to answer or move for a dismissal. 725 ILCS 5/122 \u2014 5 (West 2002). At the second stage, the court must determine whether the petition and any accompanying documentation make a \u201csubstantial showing of a constitutional violation.\u201d Edwards, 197 Ill 2d at 246. If no such showing is made, the petition is dismissed; if the requisite showing is made, the petition is set for an evidentiary hearing. Edwards, 197 Ill. 2d at 246. The supreme court made it clear that at the first stage of proceedings it is \u201cinappropriate\u201d to consider whether a \u201csubstantial showing of a constitutional violation\u201d has been made. At this first stage, the circuit court may only consider whether the petition states the \u201cgist of a constitutional claim.\u201d See also People v. Coleman, 183 Ill. 2d 366, 380-81 (1998).\nBecause in the instant case the circuit court appears to have employed the inappropriate standard of a \u201csubstantial showing of a constitutional violation,\u201d rather than the lighter burden of presenting a \u201cgist of a constitutional violation,\u201d we reverse the dismissal of the defendant\u2019s postconviction petition on this ground.\nFor the foregoing reasons, we reverse the decision of the circuit court of Williamson County that summarily dismissed the defendant\u2019s postconviction petition. We remand this cause to the circuit court for further proceedings in accordance with sections 122 \u2014 4 through 122 \u2014 6 of the Act (725 ILCS 5/122 \u2014 4 through 122 \u2014 6 (West 2004)). See People v. Rutkowski, 225 Ill. App. 3d 1065, 1068 (1992).\nJudgment reversed; cause remanded.\nCHAPMAN and DONOVAN, JJ\u201e concur.\nAlthough we have traditionally referred to the defendant\u2019s failure to raise an issue on direct appeal as a \u201cwaiver\u201d of that issue, the supreme court made it clear in Blair, 215 Ill. 2d at 443-44, that it prefers the term \u201cforfeiture.\u201d Accordingly, we will refer to claims that are barred because they could have been raised on direct appeal, but were not, as having been forfeited.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE WELCH" } ], "attorneys": [ "Daniel D. Yuhas and Jacqueline L. Bullard, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Springfield, for appellant.", "Charles Garnati, State\u2019s Attorney, of Marion (Norbert J. Goetten, Stephen E. Norris, and Kevin D. Sweeney, all of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. ANTHONY W. NEWBOLDS, Defendant-Appellant.\nFifth District\nNo. 5\u201402\u20140526\nOpinion filed March 20, 2006.\nDaniel D. Yuhas and Jacqueline L. Bullard, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Springfield, for appellant.\nCharles Garnati, State\u2019s Attorney, of Marion (Norbert J. Goetten, Stephen E. Norris, and Kevin D. Sweeney, all of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0672-01", "first_page_order": 688, "last_page_order": 695 }