{ "id": 4263482, "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOHNNIE WILSON, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "People v. Wilson", "decision_date": "2006-03-29", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201403\u20143552", "first_page": "762", "last_page": "772", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "364 Ill. App. 3d 762" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "323 F.3d 700", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.3d", "case_ids": [ 9347367 ], "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "708-09" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f3d/323/0700-01" ] }, { "cite": "468 U.S. 517", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11339213 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "525-26" }, { "page": "402-03" }, { "page": "3200" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/468/0517-01" ] }, { "cite": "408 U.S. 471", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1782797 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1972, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "480" }, { "page": "494" }, { "page": "2600" }, { "page": "482" }, { "page": "494-95" }, { "page": "2600-01" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/408/0471-01" ] }, { "cite": "13 Ill. Reg. 3063", "category": "laws:admin_register", "reporter": "Ill. Reg.", "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "eff. February 28, 1989" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "798 N.E.2d 91", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 9, "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "104" }, { "page": "104" }, { "page": "104" }, { "page": "104" }, { "page": "96" }, { "page": "105, 106" }, { "page": "105", "parenthetical": "\"[t]he primacy of fourth amendment protection against intrusions into a person's home further encourages us to require some level of individualized suspicion prior to a probation search of a probationer's residence\"" }, { "page": "105-06", "parenthetical": "compiling a list of cases" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "207 Ill. 2d 231", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 974984 ], "weight": 9, "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "250" }, { "page": "250" }, { "page": "250" }, { "page": "250-51" }, { "page": "236" }, { "page": "252, 254" }, { "page": "252" }, { "page": "253" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/207/0231-01" ] }, { "cite": "483 U.S. 868", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 28251 ], "weight": 18, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "873" }, { "page": "717" }, { "page": "3168" }, { "page": "870-71" }, { "page": "715" }, { "page": "3167" }, { "page": "874" }, { "page": "718" }, { "page": "3169" }, { "page": "874" }, { "page": "717" }, { "page": "3168" }, { "page": "875" }, { "page": "718" }, { "page": "3169", "parenthetical": "the permissible impingement on a probationer's privacy is not unlimited" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/483/0868-01" ] }, { "cite": "534 U.S. 112", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 9108037 ], "weight": 18, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "121" }, { "page": "506" }, { "page": "592" }, { "page": "118" }, { "page": "505" }, { "page": "591" }, { "page": "118" }, { "page": "505" }, { "page": "591" }, { "page": "114" }, { "page": "502" }, { "page": "589" }, { "page": "119-20" }, { "page": "505" }, { "page": "591-92" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/534/0112-01" ] }, { "cite": "445 U.S. 573", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1777746 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "590" }, { "page": "653" }, { "page": "1382" }, { "page": "589" }, { "page": "653" }, { "page": "1381-82" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/445/0573-01" ] }, { "cite": "519 U.S. 33", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11594631 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "39" }, { "page": "354" }, { "page": "421" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/519/0033-01" ] }, { "cite": "813 N.E.2d 93", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "100" }, { "page": "101" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "211 Ill. 2d 502", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 8451664 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "512" }, { "page": "512" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/211/0502-01" ] }, { "cite": "840 N.E.2d 1243", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2006, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "217 Ill. 2d 624", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "year": 2006, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "842 N.E.2d 699", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 16, "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "709" }, { "page": "709" }, { "page": "712-13" }, { "page": "713" }, { "page": "711-12" }, { "page": "712" }, { "page": "706-07", "parenthetical": "\" [probationers and persons on MSR are similarly situated in the broad sense that both enjoy conditional liberty\"" }, { "page": "712" }, { "page": "712" }, { "page": "712" }, { "page": "712" }, { "page": "712" }, { "page": "712" }, { "page": "713" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "217 Ill. 2d 511", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3875707 ], "weight": 12, "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "526" }, { "page": "532-33" }, { "page": "531" }, { "page": "522" }, { "page": "531" }, { "page": "531" }, { "page": "531" }, { "page": "532" }, { "page": "532" }, { "page": "532-33" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/217/0511-01" ] }, { "cite": "836 N.E.2d 159", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "361 Ill. App. 3d 93", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4259971 ], "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/361/0093-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 980, "char_count": 25154, "ocr_confidence": 0.798, "pagerank": { "raw": 6.241108439570051e-08, "percentile": 0.3856952664035625 }, "sha256": "f6ca87c7cdac1f1370aa1384d997715d4807b0d5c6e9c9d74dca5b6ebecf02cd", "simhash": "1:c8a86454c5e780d0", "word_count": 4118 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:36:54.493342+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOHNNIE WILSON, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE THEIS\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nFollowing a bench trial, defendant Johnnie Wilson, who was on mandatory supervised release (MSB.) from a 15-year sentence for armed violence, was convicted of possession of a controlled substance and sentenced to 8 years\u2019 imprisonment. On appeal, he contended that (1) the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress evidence because the search pursuant to his MSB agreement violated his fourth amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures; (2) the evidence was insufficient to prove him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt; (3) the compulsory extraction and perpetual storage of his DNA profile violated his fourth amendment right; and (4) the trial court failed to provide him with accurate and complete admonishments pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 605(a) (210 Ill. 2d R. 605(a)). In People v. Wilson, 361 Ill. App. 3d 93, 836 N.E.2d 159 (2005), we reversed the denial of defendant\u2019s motion to suppress evidence and remanded the case for a new suppression hearing. Thereafter, the supreme court denied the State\u2019s petition for leave to appeal, but pursuant to its supervisory authority, directed us to vacate our judgment and reconsider this case in light of its recent decision in People v. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d 511, 842 N.E.2d 699 (2005). People v. Wilson, 217 Ill. 2d 624, 840 N.E.2d 1243 (2006). After vacating our original opinion and reconsidering our judgment in light of Moss, we again reverse and remand for a new suppression hearing.\nBACKGBOUND\nOn February 3, 2003, after serving one year of his MSB term, defendant was arrested and charged with possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver. Prior to trial, defendant filed a motion to quash his arrest and suppress evidence. At the hearing, parole officer Baymond Hayes testified that in February 2003, he received information from his supervisor that an anonymous person had informed his supervisor that defendant had narcotics and guns in his apartment in violation of the conditions of his MSB. Officer Hayes then went to 1541 South Karlov in Chicago, where he met two Chicago police officers. Defendant\u2019s relative gave them permission to enter the apartment. Officer Hayes did not have a warrant to search the apartment, but did have in his files defendant\u2019s MSR agreement, which was introduced as an exhibit at the hearing. Paragraph 10 of the agreement states, \u201cyou shall consent to a search of your person, property or residence under your control.\u201d Officer Hayes testified that defendant signed the agreement in February 2002 and was still governed by the rules at the time of his arrest.\nAfter entering the second-floor apartment with the relative\u2019s permission, Officer Hayes saw defendant emerge from a bedroom and handcuffed him. According to Officer Hayes, defendant told him that the bedroom was his bedroom. Officer Hayes then told defendant that he was there to search his room and the space over which he had control. Officer Hayes did not ask for defendant\u2019s consent to search the room and did not read him his Miranda rights. Hayes then watched the two Chicago police officers search the bedroom, where they found suspected cocaine and heroin in a pile of clothing.\nAt the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court found that defendant consented to the search as a condition of his MSR and that he did not enjoy the same rights as those free from the custody of the Illinois Department of Corrections. Accordingly, the trial court held that the search was proper and denied defendant\u2019s motion to quash his arrest and suppress evidence. However, the court granted defendant\u2019s motion to suppress his statement regarding the location of his bedroom due to Officer Hayes\u2019 failure to read him his Miranda rights.\nAt trial, Officer Hayes testified consistently with his testimony at the hearing. In addition, he described the location of the searched bedroom as \u201ca few feet from the front door to your left as you come through the front door.\u201d He also explained that defendant reported his address to the Illinois Department of Corrections as part of the conditions of his MSR. In addition to finding narcotics in a pile of clothing, narcotics were also found under the bed and in other locations in the bedroom.\nChicago police officer Daniel Paluck testified that the searched bedroom contained men\u2019s clothing and that, according to his recollection, defendant was the only male present in the apartment. Additionally, Officer Paluck testified that he saw a female whom he believed to be defendant\u2019s girlfriend emerge from the bedroom. Paluck did not retrieve any proof of residence from the bedroom, but stated that during processing defendant confirmed his address as 1541 South Karlov. The parties stipulated with respect to the testing of the narcotics and the chain of custody.\nThe trial court found that the searched room was defendant\u2019s bedroom and that he had constructive possession of the narcotics. Therefore, the trial court found defendant guilty of possession of a controlled substance and sentenced him to eight years\u2019 imprisonment.\nANALYSIS\nDefendant contends that the search of his apartment conducted pursuant to a condition in his MSR agreement violated his fourth amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. Specifically, he argues that: (1) despite the condition in his MSR agreement requiring that he \u201cshall consent to a search of [his] person, property or residence under [his] control,\u201d he retained some expectation of privacy; (2) the search was conducted without a warrant; and (3) the search was unsupported by reasonable suspicion that he possessed guns and narcotics. The State maintains that the search was proper because defendant consented to it as a condition of his MSR. Alternatively, the State argues it was a reasonable search considering the reduced expectations of privacy possessed by parolees and the State\u2019s significant interest in ensuring compliance with the conditions of their supervised release.\nIn reviewing a circuit court\u2019s ruling on a motion to suppress, this court will uphold findings of historical fact unless they are against the manifest weight of the evidence. People v. Pitman, 211 Ill. 2d 502, 512, 813 N.E.2d 93, 100 (2004). However, a reviewing court remains free to undertake its own assessment of the facts in relation to the issues presented and may draw its own conclusions when deciding what relief should be granted. Accordingly, we review de novo the ultimate question of whether the evidence here should be suppressed. Pitman, 211 Ill. 2d at 512, 813 N.E.2d at 101.\nInitially, we address the State\u2019s argument that by accepting the conditions of his MSR agreement, defendant prospectively consented to all searches, thereby relieving defendant of any expectation of privacy and waiving his fourth amendment rights. We note that the State\u2019s argument is based upon a fundamental misconception of MSR in Illinois. Without citation to authority, the State asserts that defendant has \u201cnegotiated his release from actual physical custody,\u201d that without his prior agreement, he \u201cwould not be released,\u201d and that defendant was \u201cgiven the privilege of parole, something that is not mandatory.\u201d Rather, the Unified Code of Corrections provides that the MSR term is a mandatory component of defendant\u2019s sentence. Except where a natural life sentence has been imposed, \u201cevery sentence shall include as though written therein a term in addition to the term of imprisonment.\u201d 730 ILCS 5/5 \u2014 8\u20141(d) (West 2002). The statute then sets forth a mandatory term of three years\u2019 supervised release for first degree murder or a Class X felony, two years for a Class 1 or 2 felony, and one year for a Class 3 or 4 felony. 730 ILCS 5/5 \u2014 8\u20141(d) (West 2002). Accordingly, the MSR term is not a negotiated release or a privilege. Rather, it is a mandatory part of defendant\u2019s sentence.\nFurthermore, this argument was recently rejected in Moss. That court held that the search condition of a defendant\u2019s MSR does not establish prospective consent to all searches and does not waive his fourth amendment rights. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 526, 842 N.E.2d at 709. The same analysis is applicable here. The conditions of defendant\u2019s MSR agreement provide that he shall do or refrain from doing certain things, thereby creating a duty which implies the requirement of further action. By signing the agreement, defendant acknowledged that if he refuses to permit the search, he faces revocation of his MSR. However, his acknowledgment does not entirely relieve him of any expectation of privacy or waive his fourth amendment protection. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 526, 842 N.E.2d at 709.\nIn the absence of consent, we consider whether the search was otherwise appropriate. The fourth amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the \u201cright of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.\u201d U.S. Const., amend. IV Thus, a search does not infringe upon the fourth amendment if it is \u201creasonable,\u201d when \u201cmeasured in objective terms by examining the totality of the circumstances.\u201d Ohio v. Robinette, 519 U.S. 33, 39, 136 L. Ed. 2d 347, 354, 117 S. Ct. 417, 421 (1996). Generally, the search of a home is only reasonable for fourth amendment purposes if it is conducted pursuant to a warrant grounded in probable cause absent exigent circumstances. Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573, 590, 63 L. Ed. 2d 639, 653, 100 S. Ct. 1371, 1382 (1980).\nNevertheless, the United States Supreme Court found that under certain circumstances, a search of a probationer\u2019s home can be reasonable without strict adherence to the ordinary warrant and probable cause requirements. United States v. Knights, 534 U.S. 112, 121, 151 L. Ed. 2d 497, 506, 122 S. Ct. 587, 592 (2001); Griffin v. Wisconsin, 483 U.S. 868, 873, 97 L. Ed. 2d 709, 717, 107 S. Ct. 3164, 3168 (1987). In Griffin, the Supreme Court upheld a search of a probationer\u2019s home conducted pursuant to a Wisconsin regulation permitting \u201cany probation officer to search a probationer\u2019s home without a warrant as long as his supervisor approves and as long as there are \u2018reasonable grounds\u2019 to believe the presence of contraband,\u201d finding that the \u201cspecial needs\u201d of Wisconsin\u2019s probation system justified an exception to the usual warrant and probable-cause requirements. Griffin, 483 U.S. at 870-71, 97 L. Ed. 2d at 715, 107 S. Ct. at 3167. Thereafter, the Knights Court held that a warrantless search of a probationer\u2019s residence was reasonable under the fourth amendment when the search was supported by reasonable suspicion and authorized by a condition of his probation. However, the Court left open the question whether reasonable suspicion is required for such a search. Knights, 534 U.S. at 120 n.6, 151 L. Ed. 2d at 505 n.6, 122 S. Ct. at 592 n.6.\nFollowing Griffin and Knights, our supreme court held in People v. Lampitok, 207 Ill. 2d 231, 798 N.E.2d 91 (2003), that a search of a probationer\u2019s motel room supported by reasonable suspicion and pursuant to a search condition of her probation would be constitutionally reasonable. Thereafter, in Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 532-33, 842 N.E.2d at 712-13, our supreme court held that a pat-down search for weapons on a parolee subject to a search condition was reasonable without any individualized suspicion of illegal activity.\nIn determining whether the search was appropriate here, we initially consider whether the \u201cspecial needs\u201d test of Griffin is applicable to the extent the search of defendant\u2019s residence was conducted for a \u201csupervisory\u201d purpose. In Griffin, the Supreme Court held that a probation search was reasonable under the fourth amendment because it was conducted in compliance with a valid regulation permitting warrantless probation searches upon \u201creasonable grounds,\u201d a standard which the Wisconsin Supreme Court found had been met. Griffin, 483 U.S. at 880 & n.8, 97 L. Ed. 2d at 721-22 & n.8, 107 S. Ct. at 3172 & n.8.\nSection 3 \u2014 3\u20147 of the Unified Code of Corrections addresses the conditions of MSR in Illinois. The statute requires that defendant consent to a search of his person, property or residence under his control. 730 ILCS 5/3 \u2014 3\u20147 (West 2002). The search condition is silent with respect to imposing a particular standard of suspicion to support a search. Additionally, the relevant section of the Illinois Administrative Code does not specifically address the search condition of those on MSR nor does it impose a particular standard of suspicion to support such a search. See 20 Ill. Adm. Code \u00a7 1610.120, as amended by 13 Ill. Reg. 3063 (eff. February 28, 1989) (addressing the conditions of MSR). Given the lack of standards comparable to those present in Griffin, we find that Griffin does not control our analysis here.\nRather, to determine if a search for evidence in the home of a person subject to MSR is objectively reasonable under a lesser degree of suspicion, we examine whether the search was reasonable under the totality of the circumstances. Knights, 534 U.S. at 118, 151 L. Ed. 2d at 505, 122 S. Ct. at 591. The reasonableness of the search is determined by balancing the degree to which the search intrudes upon the privacy interests of a defendant on MSR against the degree to which the search is needed to promote legitimate governmental interests, with the search condition of defendant\u2019s MSR being \u201ca salient circumstance.\u201d Knights, 534 U.S. at 118, 151 L. Ed. 2d at 505, 122 S. Ct. at 591.\nIn Moss, our supreme court confronted this balancing test when concluding that a pat-down search of a defendant on MSR without any level of individualized suspicion and pursuant to a search condition of MSR was constitutionally reasonable under the fourth amendment during a traffic stop and consensual automobile search. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 532, 842 N.E.2d at 713. In evaluating the governmental interests, the court focused on the State\u2019s interest in officer safety. The court found that the circumstances confronting the officers during a Terry stop, requiring passengers to leave a vehicle and an officer to place himself in a compromising position, increased the government\u2019s interest in ensuring that those passengers were not armed. Accordingly, the court held that those officer-safety circumstances contributed to the government\u2019s interest in performing a pat-down search of the defendant. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 530-31, 842 N.E.2d at 711-12. In contrast to Moss, in this case, we are not presented with a protective search or officer-safety concerns attendant to a traffic stop but, rather, with a full-fledged search for evidence in defendant\u2019s residence while he was handcuffed. The same heightened level of interest in officer safety attendant to a traffic stop is not at issue here. Accordingly, we next consider defendant\u2019s MSR status as it relates to the State\u2019s interest in the search.\nIn evaluating the governmental interests in Lampitok, the court held that administration of the probation system is a \u201cspecial need\u201d of the State beyond the typical needs of law enforcement that would justify a greater governmental intrusion on privacy than would be acceptable in the case of an ordinary citizen. Lampitok, 207 Ill. 2d at 250, 798 N.E.2d at 104. The court further found that imposing the traditional warrant and probable cause requirements would unduly interfere with the State\u2019s ability to administer its probation system. To obtain a warrant would delay the ability to respond to evidence of misconduct, and to require probable cause would only facilitate the probationer\u2019s ability to conceal his misconduct in violation of the conditions of probation. Lampitok, 207 Ill. 2d at 250, 798 N.E.2d at 104. Based upon these considerations, our supreme court acknowledged that Illinois\u2019s probation system may justify a warrantless search of a probationer upon a lesser degree of suspicion than probable cause. Lampitok, 207 Ill. 2d at 250, 798 N.E.2d at 104.\nIn Moss, the court found that the governmental interest in public safety espoused in Lampitok is even more apparent in the case of those serving a term of MSR. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 531, 842 N.E.2d at 712. They, like probationers, require supervision and enjoy only \u201c \u2018conditional liberty properly dependent on observance of special *** restrictions.\u2019 \u201d Griffin, 483 U.S. at 874, 97 L. Ed. 2d at 718, 107 S. Ct. at 3169, quoting Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 480, 33 L. Ed. 2d 484, 494, 92 S. Ct. 2593, 2600 (1972); Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 522, 842 N.E.2d at 706-07 (\u201c [probationers and persons on MSR are similarly situated in the broad sense that both enjoy conditional liberty\u201d). However, because parolees present a greater risk to the public, the objective of community safety would justify an even greater intrusion on a parolee\u2019s privacy. See 730 ILCS 5/5 \u2014 6\u20141(a) (West 2002); Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 531, 842 N.E.2d at 712.\nNevertheless, although these governmental interests may \u201cjustify departures from the usual warrant and probable-cause requirements\u201d (Griffin, 483 U.S. at 874, 97 L. Ed. 2d at 717, 107 S. Ct. at 3168), these interests do not necessarily authorize a substantial invasion of privacy without any level of individualized suspicion (Griffin, 483 U.S. at 875, 97 L. Ed. 2d at 718, 107 S. Ct. at 3169 (the permissible impingement on a probationer\u2019s privacy is not unlimited)). In determining the appropriate level of individualized suspicion, if any, we must also consider defendant\u2019s expectation of privacy in his home and its relationship to his MSR status and the search condition of his MSR term.\nThose offenders on MSR have a significantly reduced expectation of privacy compared to ordinary citizens because they are criminal offenders subject to a prison term and are subject to certain restrictions as a condition of their release. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 531, 842 N.E.2d at 712; Lampitok, 207 Ill. 2d at 250-51, 798 N.E.2d at 104. In Illinois, the conditions of MSR are governed by section 3 \u2014 3\u20147 of the Code (730 ILCS 5/3 \u2014 3\u20147 (West 2002)). Paragraph 10 of section 3 \u2014 3\u20147(a) addresses the relevant search condition. That paragraph requires that defendant \u201cconsent to a search of [his] person, property, or residence under [his] control.\u201d 730 ILCS 5/3 \u2014 3\u20147(a)(10) (West 2002).\nThe breadth of a search condition affects a defendant\u2019s expectation of privacy. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 531, 842 N.E.2d at 712. In Lampitok, the probation conditions provided that the probationer \u201c \u2018shall submit to a search of her person, residence, or automobile at any time as directed by her Probation Officer to verify compliance with the conditions of this Probation Order.\u2019 \u201d Lampitok, 207 Ill. 2d at 236, 798 N.E.2d at 96. In Knights, the defendant\u2019s probation conditions permitted searches \u201c \u2018with or without a search warrant, warrant of arrest or reasonable cause by any probation officer or law enforcement officer.\u2019 \u201d Knights, 534 U.S. at 114, 151 L. Ed. 2d at 502, 122 S. Ct. at 589. Based upon the defendant\u2019s acceptance of this broad search condition, the Court concluded that the defendant had a \u201csignificantly diminished\u201d expectation of privacy. Knights, 534 U.S. at 119-20, 151 L. Ed. 2d at 505, 122 S. Ct. at 591-92.\nIn Moss, the court found that the condition of a defendant\u2019s MSR in Illinois is equally as broad as the condition in Knights because it requires that he consent to a search of his person, residence, or property under his control without any limitation on the purpose of the search or the government agent who may perform the search. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 532, 842 N.E.2d at 712. The court also found that the conditions of MSR are more extensive than the conditions of probationers because they limit where they may live, with whom they may associate, and the places they may frequent. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 532, 842 N.E.2d at 712, citing 730 ILCS 5/3 \u2014 3\u20147 (West 2004). Accordingly, a person subject to MSR has a lesser expectation of privacy than a probationer. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 532, 842 N.E.2d at 712.\nAlthough defendant has a significantly reduced expectation of privacy as a parolee subject to a broad search condition, the Supreme Court has acknowledged that the fourth amendment accords special protection to the intrusion into one\u2019s home. Payton, 445 U.S. at 589, 63 L. Ed. 2d at 653, 100 S. Ct. at 1381-82, quoting U.S. Const., amend. IV Where the MSR search invades the home, it weighs heavily in the balance that determines whether the search is reasonable and remains a significant, rather than minimal, intrusion on defendant\u2019s albeit diminished expectations of privacy. Lampitok, 207 Ill. 2d at 252, 254, 798 N.E.2d at 105, 106. Accordingly, permitting a suspicionless search of defendant\u2019s home would offend the significantly protected status of the home and, thus, supports the conclusion that defendant\u2019s expectation of privacy is not completely extinguished. Lampitok, 207 Ill. 2d at 252, 798 N.E.2d at 105 (\u201c[t]he primacy of fourth amendment protection against intrusions into a person\u2019s home further encourages us to require some level of individualized suspicion prior to a probation search of a probationer\u2019s residence\u201d).\nWe reject the State\u2019s contention that defendant\u2019s expectation of privacy in his home is no different than his expectation when confined in a prison merely because he remains in the custody of the Illinois Department of Corrections. While the fourth amendment does not apply within the confines of a prisoner\u2019s cell (Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 525-26, 82 L. Ed. 2d 393, 402-03, 104 S. Ct. 3194, 3200 (1984)), the Supreme Court has unequivocally rejected the notion that the status of parolees is legally comparable to that of prisoners in actual custody. Morrissey, 408 U.S. at 482, 33 L. Ed. 2d at 494-95, 92 S. Ct. at 2600-01; United States v. Crawford, 323 F.3d 700, 708-09 (9th Cir. 2003). Therefore, the mere fact that a defendant on MSB. remains in custody is not dispositive of a defendant\u2019s privacy interests.\nAdditionally, in Moss, the court considered the scope of the intrusion. There, the court held that \u201c[t]he limited scope of a pat-down search for weapons, as opposed to a full-fledged search for evidence, was appropriate where no individualized suspicion of illegal activity existed.\u201d Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 532-33, 842 N.E.2d at 713. Here, we are not faced with the limited scope of a pat-down search for weapons during a Terry stop but, rather, with a significant intrusion into defendant\u2019s residence. This invasion cannot be considered a minor invasion of privacy and, thus, further supports the conclusion that while probable cause is not required, a search of defendant\u2019s residence must be attendant to some quantum of individualized suspicion to meet the reasonableness standard of the fourth amendment.\nBased upon the totality of the circumstances, after balancing the State\u2019s interest in its MSB system with defendant\u2019s expectation of privacy, we conclude that a search of defendant\u2019s home pursuant to the conditions of his MSB agreement is reasonable if supported by reasonable suspicion. As the supreme court stated in Lampitok, most other federal courts have agreed that reasonable suspicion is the appropriate constitutional threshold for parole or probation searches, especially, as in this case, where they involve intrusion into the home. Lampitok, 207 Ill. 2d at 253, 798 N.E.2d at 105-06 (compiling a list of cases).\nAccordingly, we find that the trial court erred in denying defendant\u2019s motion to suppress evidence on the basis that defendant consented to the search condition of his MSB agreement. Bather, the trial court must evaluate whether the officers had reasonable suspicion to believe that defendant had narcotics or guns in his home or otherwise violated the terms of his MSB so that the search was justified at its inception under the fourth amendment. Therefore, we reverse the denial of defendant\u2019s motion to suppress evidence and remand for a new suppression hearing consistent with our directive in this opinion. For these reasons, we need not address defendant\u2019s additional contentions at this time. Nevertheless, we retain jurisdiction to determine these contentions should the State prevail at the new hearing on the motion to suppress.\nBeversed and remanded with directions.\nQUINN, P.J., and GREIMAN, J., concur.\nWhat was referred to as \u201cparole\u201d in Illinois prior to February 1, 1978, is now termed \u201cmandatory supervised release\u201d (MSR). 730 ILCS 5/5 \u2014 8\u20141(d) (West 2002).\nFor purposes of fourth amendment analysis, there is no distinction between a parolee and a defendant on MSR. Moss, 217 Ill. 2d at 514 n.l, 842 N.E.2d at 702 n.l.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE THEIS" } ], "attorneys": [ "Michael J. Pelletier and Melinda G. Palacio, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.", "Richard A. Devine, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee Goldfarb, Sally L. Dilgart, Annette Collins, and Dragana Djordjevic, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JOHNNIE WILSON, Defendant-Appellant.\nFirst District (3rd Division)\nNo. 1\u201403\u20143552\nOpinion filed March 29, 2006.\nMichael J. Pelletier and Melinda G. Palacio, both of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Chicago, for appellant.\nRichard A. Devine, State\u2019s Attorney, of Chicago (Renee Goldfarb, Sally L. Dilgart, Annette Collins, and Dragana Djordjevic, Assistant State\u2019s Attorneys, of counsel), for the People." }, "file_name": "0762-01", "first_page_order": 778, "last_page_order": 788 }