{ "id": 4264420, "name": "LOMBARD HISTORICAL COMMISSION et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. THE VILLAGE OF LOMBARD et al., Defendants-Appellees (National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States et al., Interveners-Appellants)", "name_abbreviation": "Lombard Historical Commission v. Village of Lombard", "decision_date": "2006-07-14", "docket_number": "No. 2-05-1180", "first_page": "715", "last_page": "723", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "366 Ill. App. 3d 715" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "248 Ill. App. 3d 398", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2942819 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "400" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/248/0398-01" ] }, { "cite": "349 Ill. App. 3d 475", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5436683 ], "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "480" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/349/0475-01" ] }, { "cite": "361 Ill. App. 3d 388", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4260059 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "397" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/361/0388-01" ] }, { "cite": "359 Ill. App. 3d 1130", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5594240 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1134" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/359/1130-01" ] }, { "cite": "204 Ill. 2d 92", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 609697 ], "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "96" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/204/0092-01" ] }, { "cite": "495 F. Supp. 34", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F. Supp.", "case_ids": [ 4160668 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "36", "parenthetical": "\"Thus the plaintiffs' motion to strike is based on a question of statutory interpretation, not a question of fact\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f-supp/495/0034-01" ] }, { "cite": "358 Ill. App. 3d 505", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5731335 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "507" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/358/0505-01" ] }, { "cite": "355 Ill. App. 3d 685", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3599226 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "688" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/355/0685-01" ] }, { "cite": "438 U.S. 104", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1769262 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/438/0104-01" ] }, { "cite": "333 Ill. App. 3d 1131", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 485909 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1141", "parenthetical": "\"We are aware of no case holding that a city must designate houses on a street as historical landmarks before passing a zoning ordinance protecting the historical appearance or ambiance of the street\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/333/1131-01" ] }, { "cite": "113 Ill. App. 3d 602", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3626721 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "604-05" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/113/0602-01" ] }, { "cite": "45 Ill. App. 2d 407", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5241523 ], "year": 1964, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "414" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-2d/45/0407-01" ] }, { "cite": "211 Ill. App. 3d 825", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2528440 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "835" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/211/0825-01" ] }, { "cite": "19 Ill. 2d 204", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2743243 ], "year": 1960, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "210" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/19/0204-01" ] }, { "cite": "256 Ill. App. 3d 518", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5384533 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "519" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/256/0518-01" ] }, { "cite": "281 Ill. App. 3d 841", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 150237 ], "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "850" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/281/0841-01" ] }, { "cite": "204 Ill. 2d 243", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 609704 ], "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "254-55" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/204/0243-01" ] }, { "cite": "313 Ill. App. 3d 578", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 186473 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "581" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/313/0578-01" ] }, { "cite": "326 Ill. App. 3d 788", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1281451 ], "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "794" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/326/0788-01" ] }, { "cite": "208 Ill. 2d 457", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2463105 ], "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "464" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/208/0457-01" ] }, { "cite": "195 Ill. 2d 393", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 725339 ], "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "398" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/195/0393-01" ] }, { "cite": "272 Ill. App. 3d 693", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 253128 ], "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "696" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/272/0693-01" ] }, { "cite": "332 Ill. App. 3d 866", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1033959 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "876", "parenthetical": "Myers-cough, J., dissenting" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/332/0866-01" ] }, { "cite": "89 Ill. App. 3d 959", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5541800 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "964", "parenthetical": "\"It is possible that a hearing on this issue would result in a finding that the parties have no interest in the property because they deeded the house to the Maidas as a gift ***\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/89/0959-01" ] }, { "cite": "43 Ill. App. 3d 348", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2722854 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "353" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/43/0348-01" ] }, { "cite": "186 Ill. 2d 198", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 243955 ], "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "230" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/186/0198-01" ] }, { "cite": "125 Ill. 2d 164", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 5555390 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "175" }, { "page": "175" }, { "page": "175" }, { "page": "175" }, { "page": "177" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/125/0164-01" ] }, { "cite": "363 Ill. App. 3d 190", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5767303 ], "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "197" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/363/0190-01" ] }, { "cite": "164 Ill. App. 3d 259", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3583529 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "267", "parenthetical": "\"The doctrine of standing is designed to insure that the courts are accessible to resolve actual controversies between parties and not 'address abstract questions, moot issues, or cases brought on behalf of others who may not desire judicial aid' \"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/164/0259-01" ] }, { "cite": "325 Ill. App. 3d 1045", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 570809 ], "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1050" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/325/1045-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1026, "char_count": 21383, "ocr_confidence": 0.754, "pagerank": { "raw": 8.886742167579509e-08, "percentile": 0.4995951501419581 }, "sha256": "c8f1b248fbf47516bfa50fd01021c8c7ed72d838df2df27b9a2174493534762b", "simhash": "1:a7fddc062e0fd402", "word_count": 3461 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:50:16.995484+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "LOMBARD HISTORICAL COMMISSION et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. THE VILLAGE OF LOMBARD et al., Defendants-Appellees (National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States et al., Interveners-Appellants)." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE GEOMETER\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiffs, the Lombard Historical Commission (which has since withdrawn as a party), Pete Kramer, and The Friends of the Du Page Theatre, Ltd., filed in the circuit court of Du Page County two petitions for mandamus, which were subsequently consolidated. The National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States and the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois intervened in the action shortly thereafter. The trial court dismissed plaintiffs\u2019 and intervenors\u2019 (collectively, plaintiffs\u2019) cause. It found that the Lombard Historical Commission, Kramer, and The Friends of the Du Page Theatre lacked standing. As to the remaining plaintiffs, it concluded that they had demonstrated no clear right to relief sufficient to support the issuance of a writ of mandamus. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.\nThe instant dispute arises out of the Village of Lombard\u2019s decision to demolish the Du Page Theatre, which has stood in Lombard since 1928 and is currently owned by the Village. The Lombard Historical Commission (Commission) sought to exercise its claimed authority to stay the demolition for six months while it tried to find an alternative use for the theater. The Village disregarded the Commission\u2019s attempt, and this action ensued. Plaintiffs sought to require defendants, the Village and its president and trustees, to comply with a portion of a village ordinance that, they claim, gave the Commission the authority it tried to exercise. The trial court dismissed plaintiffs\u2019 cause for the reasons set forth in the preceding paragraph.\nOn appeal, plaintiffs raise a number of issues. First, they contend that the trial court erred in finding that, under the village ordinance (Lombard Village Code \u00a7 32.079(E)(3) (eff. February 10, 1982)), the Commission had no clear right to impose a stay of the demolition of the theater for the purpose of a writ of mandamus. Second, they contest the trial court\u2019s rulings concerning standing. As a preliminary matter, plaintiffs argue that the trial court should not have permitted defendants to convert their motion, which was originally brought under section 2 \u2014 615 of the Civil Practice Law (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 615 (West 2004)), into a section 2 \u2014 619 motion (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 619 (West 2004)). They then argue that Kramer, The Friends of the Du Page Theatre, and the Commission all have standing. As the Commission is no longer a party, we need not consider whether it had standing. See Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Ass\u2019n v. Bower, 325 Ill. App. 3d 1045, 1050 (2001), quoting Jenner v. Wissore, 164 Ill. App. 3d 259, 267 (1988) (\u201cThe doctrine of standing is designed to insure that the courts are accessible to resolve actual controversies between parties and not \u2018address abstract questions, moot issues, or cases brought on behalf of others who may not desire judicial aid\u2019 \u201d).\nWe first address whether Kramer and The Friends of the Du Page Theatre have standing to seek a writ of mandamus in this case. Standing requires an injury to a legally protected interest. Board of Trustees of Community College District No. 502 v. Department of Professional Regulation, 363 Ill. App. 3d 190, 197 (2006). In determining that Kramer and The Friends of the Du Page Theatre lacked standing, the trial court relied on Landmarks Preservation Council v. City of Chicago, 125 Ill. 2d 164 (1988), where the supreme court refused to recognize the standing of several groups to challenge a Chicago ordinance that removed landmark status from the McCarthy building. The court found that the groups \u2014 Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois and the Chicago Chapter, American Institute of Architects\u2014 lacked standing, noting that a party \u201ccannot gain standing merely through a self-proclaimed concern about an issue, no matter how sincere.\u201d Landmarks Preservation Council, 125 Ill. 2d at 175. The court specifically rejected, as bases for standing, both the aesthetic interests of these parties and their \u201calleged right to participate in a public hearing\u201d regarding the ordinance where the \u201cmunicipality has bestowed that alleged procedural right apparently not as a legal entitlement but as a tool to assist the municipality in performing its legislative function.\u201d Landmarks Preservation Council, 125 Ill. 2d at 175.\nThere exists one important difference between Landmarks Preservation Council and this case. In Landmarks Preservation Coun cil, 125 Ill. 2d at 175, the McCarthy building was privately owned. Here, the Du Page Theatre is owned by the Village. Defendants argue that the Village owns the theater as a property owner, rather than in a governmental capacity, and that the Village is seeking to act as an ordinary property owner would. While defendants cite several cases to support their claim that the Village\u2019s actions are outside the scope of governmental action for the purpose of mandamus relief (see, e.g., Lewis E. v. Spagnolo, 186 Ill. 2d 198, 230 (1999)), they cite nothing to support the proposition that a municipality may use property other than for the public benefit (O\u2019Fallon Development Co. v. City of O\u2019Fallon, 43 Ill. App. 3d 348, 353 (1976)). For the purpose of standing, we reject defendant\u2019s distinction.\nPlaintiffs assert two reasons that Kramer and The Friends of the Du Page Theatre have standing. First, they contend that the labor and money that these parties have contributed to the theater vest them with an interest. This argument, as the trial court recognized, is foreclosed by Landmarks Preservation Council, 125 Ill. 2d at 175, because, as that case held, \u2018\u2018self-proclaimed concern\u201d cannot vest one with standing. That this concern was manifested by voluntary contributions does not alter these parties\u2019 status with regard to the theater, as a gift vests one with no interest after it is alienated (cf. In re Marriage of Peshek, 89 Ill. App. 3d 959, 964 (1980) (\u201cIt is possible that a hearing on this issue would result in a finding that the parties have no interest in the property because they deeded the house to the Maidas as a gift ***\u201d)). Second, plaintiffs argue that these parties have standing because members of the public \u201chave a protectable interest in ensuring that public officials follow the requirements of public statutes.\u201d American Federation of State, County, & Municipal Employees, Council 31 v. Ryan, 332 Ill. App. 3d 866, 876 (2002) (Myers-cough, J., dissenting). Indeed, \u201ca taxpayer has standing to bring suit, even in the absence of a statute, to enforce the equitable interest in public property which he claims is being illegally disposed of.\u201d Martini v. Netsch, 272 Ill. App. 3d 693, 696 (1995). Here, plaintiffs seek to prevent defendants from demolishing the Du Page Theatre, which is owned by the Village, in a manner that plaintiffs claim is inconsistent with a village ordinance. If proven, plaintiffs would be demonstrating that defendants are disposing of public property in a manner contrary to law. As such, Landmarks Preservation Council provides no guidance, and, in accordance with the law set forth above, Kramer and The Friends of the Du Page Theatre have standing to bring this action. We now turn to the merits of this cause.\nAs plaintiffs filed petitions for a writ of mandamus, it was incumbent upon them to demonstrate a clear right to relief, a clear duty by defendants to act, and clear authority for defendants to comply with the writ. People ex rel. Waller v. McKoski, 195 Ill. 2d 393, 398 (2001). Mandamus is an extraordinary remedy, through which a public official can be compelled to perform a ministerial duty. People ex rel. Madigan v. Snyder, 208 Ill. 2d 457, 464 (2004). Typically, we will not disturb a trial court\u2019s decision regarding the propriety of a writ of mandamus unless the trial court abuses the discretion with which it is vested in these matters or its factual findings are contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence. 1350 Lake Shore Associates v. Hill, 326 Ill. App. 3d 788, 794 (2001). However, where a petition is dismissed under section 2 \u2014 615 or section 2 \u2014 619 of the Civil Practice Law (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 615, 2 \u2014 619 (West 2004)), review is de novo. In re Application of Anderson, 313 Ill. App. 3d 578, 581 (2000).\nPlaintiffs rely on the following allegations in support of the existence of a clear right to relief. In 1969, the Village enacted an ordinance creating the Commission. Lombard Village Ordinances, Ordinance No. 1471 (eff. April 7, 1969). In 1982, the ordinance was revised. Lombard Village Code \u00a7 32.075 et seq. (eff. February 10, 1982). The original ordinance provided no specific mechanism regarding classifying property as a historic site. The 1982 ordinance set forth such a procedure and vested the Commission with certain powers. Of relevance to this case, the 1982 ordinance states:\n\u201cThe Commission shall have the authority to review all proposed alterations, regardless of whether or not they require a building permit. Alterations shall be defined as any work that results in changes in the exterior form, shape or appearance of a building designated as a \u2018landmark site\u2019 which thereby destroys its original architectural integrity. No alterations will be made and no building permit issued in regard to property classified as a \u2018landmark site\u2019 to any applicant without a certificate of appropriateness *** [w]here such permit would allow the demolition of any building designated as a \u2018landmark site.\u2019 \u201d Lombard Village Code \u00a7 32.079(E)(1) (eff. Februaiy 10, 1982).\nAlso at issue here is the following portion of the ordinance:\n\u201cThe Commission shall review an application for demolition and have the authority to delay said demolition for a period not to exceed six months, to enable the Commission to try to find a purchaser or alternate use for the building.\u201d Lombard Village Code \u00a7 32.079(E)(3) (eff. Februaiy 10, 1982).\nThe Commission sought to invoke this latter provision in response to the Village\u2019s decision to demolish the theater.\nThe Du Page Theatre was built in 1928 and is currently owned by the Village. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The theater has been eligible for and has received various grants designed to preserve it. On February 9, 1978, the Board of Trustees of the Village of Lombard (Board) designated the theater a \u201chistorically significant site.\u201d The minutes of the meeting in which the Board approved this designation read as follows:\n\u201cIt was moved by Trustee Yangas, seconded by Trustee Garrity, that the Lombard Village Board accept the recommendation of the Lombard Historical Commission in re[ (designating the Du Page Theatre as a historically significant site and allowing the waterfall lights to operate.\u201d\nThe motion was unanimously approved.\nOn June 2, 2005, the Board voted to demolish the theater. On September 1, 2005, the Historical Commission stated, in a letter to the Board, \u201cWe write to lodge our objections and to exercise our authority to stay demolition for six months while the Commission considers alternatives to demolition.\u201d The letter further noted the Village\u2019s rejection of grant money for the theater and reflected the Commission\u2019s understanding that the Village\u2019s motivation for so doing was to avoid scrutiny from the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. The Board disregarded the Commission\u2019s letter and began seeking to procure bids for demolition of the theater. Plaintiffs then instituted this action.\nThe trial court held that plaintiffs had not demonstrated a clear right to relief. It based its decision on the language of the 1982 ordinance, which requires that a building be designated a \u201clandmark\u201d for the Commission to have authority over it. The theater never received such a designation. Instead, in 1978, the Board designated it a \u201chistorically significant site.\u201d We agree with the reasoning of the trial court. Because, however, this case turns largely upon the interpretation of these two ordinances, review is de novo. Hawthorne v. Village of Olympia Fields, 204 Ill. 2d 243, 254-55 (2003).\nIn construing an ordinance, the familiar principles of statutory construction apply. Illinois Wood Energy Partners, L.P. v. County of Cook, 281 Ill. App. 3d 841, 850 (1995). Thus, the plain language of an ordinance is the best indication of the intent of the body that enacted it. City of Chicago v. Gomez, 256 Ill. App. 3d 518, 519 (1993). In this case, that principle appears dispositive. In 1978, the theater was designated a \u201chistorically significant site.\u201d The 1982 ordinance gives the Commission the power to stay the demolition of a \u201clandmark.\u201d Since the theater was never designated a \u201clandmark,\u201d it would appear to be outside the scope of the Commission\u2019s authority. The terms do not appear interchangeable, and our supreme court recognized a distinction between \u201clandmark\u201d and \u201chistoric significance\u201d when it wrote the following:\n\u201cIt appears to us that in bestowing powers on the National Trust in order to further this broad national policy, Congress intended to permit the National Trust to, inter alia, object to the allegedly unlawful destruction of buildings such as the McCarthy Building, which the National Trust deems of national historic significance, even if those buildings have not been officially declared \u2018national landmarks.\u2019 \u201d Landmarks Preservation Council, 125 Ill. 2d at 177.\nIndeed, the supreme court expressly juxtaposed the terms \u201chistoric significance\u201d and \u201clandmark\u201d in the above-quoted passage.\nPlaintiffs, however, contend that the terms are synonymous. Initially, we note that plaintiffs point out that ordinances are presumptively valid. City of Decatur v. Chasteen, 19 Ill. 2d 204, 210 (1960). This principle has no bearing on this case. At issue is not whether the ordinance declaring the theater a \u201chistorically significant site\u201d is valid; rather, it is the meaning of that phrase.\nPlaintiffs next note that the relevant portion of the 1982 ordinance is captioned, \u201cHistorical Sites; Designation and Maintenance,\u201d and that the balance of that portion of the ordinance refers to designating sites as \u201clandmarks\u201d but makes no reference to any other designation, such as \u201chistorically significant site.\u201d See Lombard Village Code \u00a7 32.079 (eff. February 10, 1982). Hence, they conclude, the terms \u201clandmark\u201d and \u201chistorically significant site\u201d are synonymous. We find this argument unpersuasive. The 1978 resolution declaring the theater a \u201chistorically significant site\u201d was adopted approximately four years prior to the 1982 ordinance. Thus, it would have been impossible for the Board to have that latter scheme in mind when it made its original declaration. Since the 1982 ordinance did not exist at the time the theater was declared a \u201chistorically significant site,\u201d it provides no guidance in discerning the Board\u2019s intent. Moreover, the general rule is that ordinances, like statutes, are presumed to have only prospective effect. Hopkinson v. Chicago Transit Authority, 211 Ill. App. 3d 825, 835 (1991); City of Chicago v. Ballinger, 45 Ill. App. 2d 407, 414 (1964). Plaintiffs provide no reason to depart from this general rule, so we cannot hold that the 1982 ordinance had any substantive effect upon the Village\u2019s 1978 resolution. We further note that the power that the Commission sought to exercise here, to stay the demolition of the theater for six months, was not a part of its powers in 1978. We simply cannot say that the Board intended, in 1978, to vest the Commission with authority over the theater that the Commission did not even possess at the time.\nFurthermore, the term \u201clandmark\u201d was not unknown in Illinois law in 1978, and had the Board so desired, it could have used the term then. See City of Chicago v. Roppolo, 113 Ill. App. 3d 602, 604-05 (1983). It has also been observed that a municipality can recognize the historical significance of a structure short of declaring it a \u201clandmark.\u201d See Wakeland v. City of Urbana, 333 Ill. App. 3d 1131, 1141 (2002) (\u201cWe are aware of no case holding that a city must designate houses on a street as historical landmarks before passing a zoning ordinance protecting the historical appearance or ambiance of the street\u201d). Additionally, as defendants point out, declaring something a \u201clandmark\u201d under the 1982 ordinance requires more than a simple vote. By the time of the 1978 resolution, it was recognized that designating a structure a landmark could, in certain circumstances, raise takings-clause issues. Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York, 438 U.S. 104, 57 L. Ed. 2d 631, 98 S. Ct. 2646 (1978). The 1982 ordinance recognizes this by requiring both notice to property owners and a hearing. Lombard Village Code \u00a7 32.079(D) (eff. February 10, 1982). While certainly not dispositive, that the designation of the theater as a \u201chistorically significant site\u201d was accomplished by a simple vote of the Board provides some additional support for the notion that, by making this declaration, the Board did not view its actions to be of the character necessary to designate a building a landmark.\nBlack\u2019s Law Dictionary provides further support for this distinction. We recognize that the current edition defines \u201clandmark\u201d as \u201c[a] historically significant building or site.\u201d Black\u2019s Law Dictionary 883 (7th ed. 1999). However, it also recognizes, in the definition of \u201chistoric site,\u201d that \u201c[a] historic site usu[ally] cannot be altered without the permission of the appropriate authorities.\u201d Black\u2019s Law Dictionary 736 (7th ed. 1999). Thus, not all historic sites are protected.\nEven if we were to equate \u201clandmark\u201d and \u201chistorically significant site,\u201d it would be dubious indeed to ascribe to the Board an intent to place the theater within the jurisdiction of the Commission, as the Commission did not have that authority in 1978 and, as the definitions in Black\u2019s Law Dictionary show, not all historic sites are protected. In other words, to find for plaintiffs, we would first have to equate the two terms. Then, we would have to find that the Board intended to vest the Commission with a power it did not posses at the time of the designation. Additionally, we would have to ignore the common meanings of the terms, which do not necessarily signify equal status. This chain of reasoning is simply too tenuous to support a clear right to relief as is required to support a mandamus action.\nBefore closing, we also reject plaintiffs\u2019 contention that the trial court resolved questions of fact and drew inferences against plaintiffs when deciding the motion to dismiss. Doing so would, of course, be improper. Marshall v. Burger King Corp., 355 Ill. App. 3d 685, 688 (2005). The dispositive issue, however, is the meaning of the terms \u201chistorically significant site\u201d and \u201clandmark.\u201d The interpretation of a legislative enactment is a question of law, not one of fact. Victory Auto Wreckers, Inc. v. Village of Bensenville, 358 Ill. App. 3d 505, 507 (2005); National Conference of Bar Examiners v. Multistate Legal Studies, Inc., 495 F. Supp. 34, 36 (N.D. Ill. 1980) (\u201cThus the plaintiffs\u2019 motion to strike is based on a question of statutory interpretation, not a question of fact\u201d). Such issues are properly resolved on a motion to dismiss. See Eads v. Heritage Enterprises, Inc., 204 Ill. 2d 92, 96 (2003).\nIn sum, plaintiffs failed to demonstrate a clear right to relief as is necessary to support a mandamus action. See Lee v. Findley, 359 Ill. App. 3d 1130, 1134 (2005). Though the trial court improperly concluded that Kramer and The Friends of the Du Page Theatre lacked standing, we may affirm on any basis apparent in the record. Larson v. O\u2019Donnell, 361 Ill. App. 3d 388, 397 (2005). Since plaintiffs did not establish a clear right to the issuance of a writ of mandamus, we affirm the trial court\u2019s judgment.\nAffirmed.\nBOWMAN and CALLUM, JJ., concur.\nGiven our resolution of the standing issue, along with the Commission\u2019s withdrawal from these proceedings, this issue need not be addressed.\nThese facts have no bearing on the outcome of this cause, as \u201cmandamus will not issue to direct the manner in which a discretionary act is performed [citation], even if the judgment or discretion has been erroneously exercised.\u201d Turner-El v. West, 349 Ill. App. 3d 475, 480 (2004).\nCounsel\u2019s citation to authority for this proposition fails to comply with Supreme Court Rule 6, which requires, inter alia, that \u201c[c]itations of cases must be by title, to the page of the volume where the case begins, and to the pages upon which the pertinent matter appears in at least one of the reporters cited.\u201d (Emphasis added.) 145 Ill. 2d R. 6. We remind counsel that compliance with the supreme court rules is mandatory. Geers v. Brichta, 248 Ill. App. 3d 398, 400 (1993).", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE GEOMETER" } ], "attorneys": [ "Michael Rachlis and Edwin L. Durham, both of Rachlis, Durham, Duff & Adler, of Chicago, Zachary C. Wilson, of Law Office of Zachary C. Wilson, of Lombard, and Elizabeth S. Merritt, of National Trust for Historic Preservation, of Washington, D.C., for appellants.", "Lance C. Malina and Jacob Karaca, both of Klein, Thorpe & Jenkins, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "LOMBARD HISTORICAL COMMISSION et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. THE VILLAGE OF LOMBARD et al., Defendants-Appellees (National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States et al., Interveners-Appellants).\nSecond District\nNo. 2-05-1180\nOpinion filed July 14, 2006.\nMichael Rachlis and Edwin L. Durham, both of Rachlis, Durham, Duff & Adler, of Chicago, Zachary C. Wilson, of Law Office of Zachary C. Wilson, of Lombard, and Elizabeth S. Merritt, of National Trust for Historic Preservation, of Washington, D.C., for appellants.\nLance C. Malina and Jacob Karaca, both of Klein, Thorpe & Jenkins, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellees." }, "file_name": "0715-01", "first_page_order": 733, "last_page_order": 741 }