{
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  "name": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JILL D. HART, Defendant-Appellant",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JILL D. HART, Defendant-Appellant."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "JUSTICE SCHMIDT\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nDefendant, Jill D. Hart, was convicted by the trial court of battery (720 ILCS 5/12 \u2014 3(a)(2) (West 2004)). The trial court sentenced Hart to 12 months\u2019 probation. Hart appeals, arguing that she did not knowingly and intelligently waive her right to a jury trial. We affirm.\nBACKGROUND\nWe note that the record does not contain a transcript of any of the trial court proceedings. Further, although the common law record also lacks the trial court\u2019s docket sheet, it appears from the written orders of the court that the following proceedings occurred: (1) Hart made her initial court appearance on November 4, 2003; (2) on January 8, 2004, she was appointed counsel; (3) on June 8, 2004, the court set a pretrial hearing for September 14, 2004; (4) on September 14, 2004, the court set the matter for a jury trial on September 29; and (5) on September 29, the court ordered a bench trial to be held on December 6, 2004.\nWith regard to the jury waiver, the record only contains a written jury waiver form, signed by Hart. In the top right corner of this form, the date \u201c12/6\u201d was handwritten. There was no file stamp on the written waiver. There was no other reference to a jury waiver in the record.\nHart provided an agreed statement of facts with regard to the bench trial that was conducted on December 6, 2004. The statement covered only the evidence adduced at the trial, although it referred to a motion to exclude witnesses just prior to the commencement of the trial.\nHart appeals her conviction.\nANALYSIS\nOn appeal, Hart seeks remand for a new trial on the basis that the record fails to show that she understanding^ waived her right to a jury trial in open court.\nInitially, the State argues that Hart waived this issue on appeal for failure to preserve it in the trial court. Hart concedes that she did not raise this issue below. However, a defendant\u2019s failure to question the validity of the jury waiver in the trial court, by both a timely objection and a posttrial motion, does not result in a forfeiture of the issue on appeal. People v. Bracey, 213 Ill. 2d 265, 821 N.E.2d 253 (2004). A criminal defendant has a fundamental right to a trial by jury, and the issue of whether that right has been violated may be considered under the plain error rule. Bracey, 213 Ill. 2d 265, 821 N.E.2d 253.\nOn the merits, because Hart was charged with an offense punishable by a term of imprisonment in excess of six months, she had a right to a trial by jury under the sixth and fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution (U.S. Const., amends. VI, XIV). Codispoti v. Pennsylvania, 418 U.S. 506, 41 L. Ed. 2d 912, 94 S. Ct. 2687 (1974). A defendant validly waives her right to a jury trial only if she does so (1) understandingly and (2) in open court. 725 ILCS 5/103 \u2014 6 (West 2004); People v. Scott, 186 Ill. 2d 283, 710 N.E.2d 833 (1999). It is the trial court\u2019s duty to ensure that a defendant\u2019s waiver of her right to a jury trial is made understandingly. People v. Smith, 106 Ill. 2d 327, 478 N.E.2d 357 (1985). However, the validity of a jury waiver cannot rest on any precise formula but, rather, depends on the facts and circumstances of each particular case. In re R.A.B., 197 Ill. 2d 358, 757 N.E.2d 887 (2001). Where the facts are not in dispute, the question of whether a defendant validly waived her right to a jury trial is one of law subject to de novo review. R.A.B., 197 Ill. 2d 358, 757 N.E.2d 887.\nA suitable report of the proceeding in which the waiver is supposed to have occurred is essential to a review of whether a defendant made a valid jury waiver. Smith, 106 Ill. 2d 327, 478 N.E.2d 357. The party alleging error is responsible for preserving and presenting an adequate record of the asserted error. People v. Stewart, 179 Ill. 2d 556, 689 N.E.2d 1129 (1997). Where a defendant claims that he or she did not waive the right to a jury trial in open court or that the waiver was not understandingly made, the record should be sufficient to cover all proceedings which involved the waiver. Smith, 106 Ill. 2d 327, 478 N.E.2d 357; People v. Oatis, 47 Ill. App. 3d 229, 361 N.E.2d 1146 (1977). Deprived of an adequate record, the reviewing court \u201cmust assume that the record indications of a jury waiver are indeed based on a valid waiver.\u201d Smith, 106 Ill. 2d 327, 478 N.E.2d 357.\nIn the instant case, Hart has presented an incomplete record. The only facts relating to the issue on appeal in the record are that: (1) on September 29, 2004, the court scheduled a bench trial; (2) Hart signed a written jury waiver; and (3) a bench trial was conducted on December 6, 2004. Because the record does not contain any of the court\u2019s docket entries, we cannot determine on what day the jury waiver was made in court, if that occurred at all. Even if we were able to determine the date the jury waiver was made, the agreed statement of facts reveals only the evidence adduced at trial. It does not cover any of the pretrial proceedings.\nDue to an insufficient record, we are unable to make any determination with regard to the jury waiver. Therefore, we must assume that the written jury waiver and bench trial were based on a valid waiver. Smith, 106 Ill. 2d 327, 478 N.E.2d 357 (the defendant failed to provide a record of proceedings for the date on which his alleged jury waiver was made); Oatis, 47 Ill. App. 3d 229, 361 N.E.2d 1146 (the defendant\u2019s conviction after a bench trial was affirmed where he claimed that the record failed to show that he understandingly waived his right to a jury trial in open court, but the record was insufficient because it did not cover any proceeding prior to the bench trial).\nCONCLUSION\nFor the reasons stated, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Peoria County.\nAffirmed.\nCARTER and O\u2019BRIEN, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "JUSTICE SCHMIDT"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Kenneth D. Brown, of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Ottawa, for appellant.",
      "Kevin W. Lyons, State\u2019s Attorney, of Peoria (Lawrence M. Bauer and Richard T. Leonard, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JILL D. HART, Defendant-Appellant.\nThird District\nNo. 3\u201405\u20140228\nOpinion filed February 23, 2007.\nKenneth D. Brown, of State Appellate Defender\u2019s Office, of Ottawa, for appellant.\nKevin W. Lyons, State\u2019s Attorney, of Peoria (Lawrence M. Bauer and Richard T. Leonard, both of State\u2019s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor\u2019s Office, of counsel), for the People."
  },
  "file_name": "0470-01",
  "first_page_order": 488,
  "last_page_order": 491
}