{ "id": 4268572, "name": "EDWARD SANCHEZ, Indiv. and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES COMPANY, INC., Defendant-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "Sanchez v. American Express Travel Related Services Co.", "decision_date": "2007-03-29", "docket_number": "No. 1\u201406\u20140878", "first_page": "449", "last_page": "461", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "372 Ill. App. 3d 449" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "12 C.F.R. \u00a7226", "category": "laws:admin_compilation", "reporter": "C.F.R.", "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "15 U.S.C. \u00a71601", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "et seq." } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "288 Ill. App. 3d 984", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1596919 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "986-87" }, { "page": "987-88" }, { "page": "991" }, { "page": "992" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/288/0984-01" ] }, { "cite": "163 Ill. 2d 33", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. 2d", "case_ids": [ 478219 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "51" }, { "page": "51" }, { "page": "51-53" }, { "page": "52" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-2d/163/0033-01" ] }, { "cite": "354 Ill. App. 3d 684", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3216733 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "690" }, { "page": "690" }, { "page": "690" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/354/0684-01" ] }, { "cite": "239 Ill. App. 3d 786", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5149245 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "794" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/239/0786-01" ] }, { "cite": "354 Ill. App. 3d 660", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3218027 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "666" }, { "page": "666" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/354/0660-01" ] }, { "cite": "351 Ill. App. 3d 737", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1083968 ], "weight": 5, "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "738-39" }, { "page": "742" }, { "page": "742" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/351/0737-01" ] }, { "cite": "267 F.3d 743", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.3d", "case_ids": [ 9499436 ], "weight": 5, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "749" }, { "page": "749" }, { "page": "749" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f3d/267/0743-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1086, "char_count": 30793, "ocr_confidence": 0.752, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.89950402824256e-08, "percentile": 0.30819711882816336 }, "sha256": "0d9b30b9017d414cc4cdbf89e4864d21e424fbeef78ad5d0036ea6f52bc9351e", "simhash": "1:27be7cef0b0b1028", "word_count": 4970 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:46:01.247775+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "EDWARD SANCHEZ, Indiv. and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES COMPANY, INC., Defendant-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE QUINN\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff Edward Sanchez appeals from the circuit court\u2019s order granting summary judgment for defendant American Express Travel Related Services, Inc. In this court, Sanchez contends that a genuine issue of material fact existed and, thus, the circuit court erred in granting summary judgment. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.\nBACKGROUND\nDefendant operates a currency exchange service to consumers in branches across the United States through which defendant converts foreign currency into United States dollars and vice versa. Defendant charges consumers a fee to convert their currency.\nThe record discloses that on September 16, 2004, plaintiff entered defendant\u2019s office at 55 West Monroe Street in Chicago, Illinois, to exchange 1,050 Mexican pesos for United States dollars. The rate displayed on the office electronic board was 0.080936652 United States dollars for each Mexican peso. The board did not disclose the exchange rate at which defendant exchanged the currency. The financial service representative (FSR) informed plaintiff as to the exchange rate posted on the board and explained that plaintiff would be charged a $3 service fee for the transaction. Plaintiff agreed to the exchange rate and the service fee.\nThe FSR then processed plaintiff\u2019s transaction and provided plaintiff with a receipt of the transaction. The receipt disclosed that at an exchange rate of 0.080936652 United States dollars per Mexican peso, plaintiffs 1,050 Mexican pesos yielded him $84.98. The receipt further showed that after defendant subtracted its $3 processing service fee, plaintiff received a total of $81.98. The $3 service fee was listed twice on the receipt, once as \u201cfee\u201d and once as \u201ctotal fees.\u201d Plaintiff reviewed this receipt before leaving defendant\u2019s office.\nOn December 30, 2004, plaintiff filed a complaint against defendant in which he alleged that defendant operated a \u201cMoney Skimming Scheme.\u201d The complaint stated: Plaintiff argued that this alleged practice violated the Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act (Act) (815 ILCS 505/1 et seq. (West 2004)). Plaintiff further asserted that \u201cthe receipt was designed to conceal the fact that American Express actually received a significantly higher exchange rate for itself than the 0.080936652 United States dollars per Mexican Peso it exchanged [plaintiff\u2019s] 1,050 Pesos for.\u201d Plaintiff concluded that defendant received more than the $84.98 United States dollars that it disbursed to plaintiff for his 1,050 Mexican pesos prior to the $3 service fee. Thus, plaintiff argued that defendant received a hidden fee in addition to the $3 service fee it listed on the receipt.\n\u201cIn addition to profiting by charging each of its customers a \u2018fee\u2019 for the Service, American Express also profits by skimming the difference between the exchange rate it receives and the exchange rate it uses to convert a customer\u2019s- currency. The difference between the two exchange rates is a hidden, undisclosed charge it assesses to each of its customers that use the Service (hereafter \u2018the Money Skimming Scheme\u2019).\u201d\nThereafter, defendant filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to section 2\u2014615 of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2\u2014615 (West 2004)) and a memorandum of law in support of its motion on March 8, 2004. Relying on In re Mexico Money Transfer Litigation, 267 F.3d 743 (7th Cir. 2001), defendant contended that, as a matter of law, it was not required \u201cto disclose the rates at which it purchases foreign currency or its profits from the \u2018spread.\u2019 \u201d Thus, defendant argued that plaintiff could not state a claim for fraud under the Act because it could not establish that defendant committed a deceptive practice. In addition, defendant argued that plaintiff could not adequately plead proximate cause or damages.\nOn April 12, 2005, plaintiff filed a response to defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss in which he argued that Covarrubias v. Bancomer, 351 Ill. App. 3d 737 (2004), governed the outcome of the case at bar. His contention was that according to this court\u2019s ruling in Bancomer, defendant\u2019s failure to disclose that it received a greater profit than the $3 service transaction fee constituted a deceptive practice under the Act. Plaintiff also contended that he sufficiently pled proximate cause and damages.\nOn May 13, 2005, the circuit court denied defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss. Thereafter, plaintiff filed a motion for class certification and defendant filed its response. The circuit court never ruled on this motion, and thus it is not a matter before this court.\nOn November 14, 2005, defendant filed a motion for summary judgment. In support, defendant attached the affidavits of Linda Teter and Vicki Norton dated November 10, 2005, and November 11, 2005, respectively. Both Teter and Norton were employees of defendant.\nTeter averred that she was the director of service delivery for defendant and was working on special projects until her retirement at the end of 2005. She then stated:\n\u201cAmerican Express charges customers that utilize the Exchange Service a fee per currency exchange transaction. Each individual [travel service office] TSO manager has the ability to decide at what amount to set the fee. This decision is based upon, among other things, the level of competition from other Exchange Service vendors in the area. Accordingly, the fees charged by each individual TSO vary by market and location. In setting the fee, American Express always takes care to ensure that its fee is competitive from a customer perspective.\u201d\nShe further explained that the transaction fee on September 16, 2004, at the Monroe Street TSO was $3, which employees were trained to communicate to customers.\nTeter then averred:\n\u201cAmerican Express does not state what its net \u2018profit\u2019 is in providing the Exchange Service. In addition, American Express does not state to the customer what its \u2018cost\u2019 is for what is sold (in this case, the cost of the currency that it sells to customers). The fee listed on the customer\u2019s receipt is not identified as a \u2018net fee\u2019 and there is no language on the receipt advising or indicating to customers what American Express\u2019s \u2018profit\u2019 is on any individual transaction. Rather, American Express accurately discloses the cost to the customer \u2014 that is, the retail exchange rate applied and the fee.\u201d\nTeter further explained that American Express could not anticipate its \u201cprofit\u201d for each individual transaction. She stated:\n\u201cIn processing each customer transaction, American Express does not take the currency exchanged in an individual transaction by a customer at a retail exchange rate and convert such currency at a wholesale rate in an individual transaction. Rather, American Express buys foreign currencies in bulk at a wholesale rate, and uses these bulk funds to pay out the selected currency, as the individual transactions occur. American Express FSRs have no information regarding the wholesale rate at which American Express buys and sells currency in bulk, and FSRs have no information regarding any potential profit from any individual transaction. Because customers do not trade currency in these large volumes, wholesale currency rates are not available to them.\u201d\nNorton averred that her position with defendant was manager, personal travel and financial services. In that position, she was responsible for overall operations of owned American Express TSOs in Illinois, including the TSO located at 55 West Monroe Street in Chicago. She confirmed that on September 16, 2004, plaintiff exchanged 1,050 Mexican pesos for United States dollars at a \u201cbuy\u201d exchange rate of 0.080936652 United States dollars per Mexican peso. That exchange rate yielded plaintiff $81.98 after a $3 transaction fee was subtracted. Norton stated that the $3 fee was noted twice on plaintiffs receipt, once as a \u201cfee\u201d and once as \u201ctotal fees.\u201d She further explained:\n\u201cThe fee is not, and was not, intended to lead customers to believe that American Express only makes a profit of $3 for the Exchange Service, and American Express agents make no such representation to customers. Rather, the fee is clearly disclosed as a charge separate and apart from, and in addition to, the retail exchange rate that is quoted to the customer and applied to the transaction.\u201d\nOn November 3, 2005, the parties deposed plaintiff. Plaintiff testified that he decided to bring this suit when he learned that defendant \u201c[makes] money off of the exchange, the currency exchange.\u201d He added, \u201cThey stated one fee and there was a bigger fee.\u201d Upon further questioning, plaintiff stated, \u201cThey charged more for my exchange than they told me they were charging.\u201d\nPlaintiff acknowledged that he previously worked for Legal Helpers. During that time, he shared office space at 444 North Wells Street in Chicago with the attorney representing him in this case.\nPlaintiff then testified that on September 16, 2004, he sought to exchange Mexican pesos left over from a vacation for United States dollars. Although he knew of other currency exchanges in the city, he did not visit another foreign currency exchange merchant prior to entering defendant\u2019s office.\nPlaintiff remembered seeing an exchange rate board in the office, but did not recall whether he saw the \u201cbuy\u201d rate. He also did not remember whether he asked the FSR what the exchange rate for Mexican pesos was on that day. Despite not recalling many of the details of the exchange, plaintiff confirmed that he counted his money after exchanging his Mexican pesos for United States dollars and stated it was an accurate exchange. He said that he did not expect to receive anything other than the $81.98 he received from the FSR.\nDuring the deposition, plaintiff acknowledged that other than conversations with his counsel, he had no basis for his belief that on September 16, 2004, he paid more in connection with his currency exchange than he had agreed to pay He further confirmed that other than conversations with his attorney, he had no basis for his allegation that defendant skimmed and stole some of his money. Plaintiff neither decided to hire an attorney nor felt he had to bring a lawsuit against defendant until he had discussions with his present attorney\nSubsequently, the parties deposed Teter on January 27, 2006. Teter disclosed that she retired four weeks prior to her deposition. She further testified that she had been deposed twice before due to her expertise in foreign currency. She stated, however, that her expertise as to foreign currency buying and selling procedures was limited to defendant\u2019s policies. Teter then testified as to defendant\u2019s procedures for conducting buy and sell transactions with customers. She distinguished the transactions in that, in a buy transaction, defendant receives foreign currency from a customer in exchange for United States dollars. Conversely, in a sell transaction, defendant provides a customer foreign currency in exchange for United States dollars.\nTeter stated that during a buy transaction, as occurred in the case at bar, the FSR first asks the consumer as to which currency he wishes to exchange if not identified and how many increments of that currency he wants to transact. The FSR then quotes the consumer the applicable rate of exchange in effect for that business day, the transaction or service fee, and the United States dollar equivalent for that transaction. The FSR does not, however, inform the customer for what amount the defendant purchased the currency it sells to a customer. Teter stated that the FSRs do not know the rate at which defendant buys currency. She further asserted that, as in other retail establishments, even if the FSR possessed the information, he or she would not disclose it to the customer.\nWith respect to an individual transaction, Teter explained that defendant does not generate any revenue on a single \u201cbuy\u201d transaction other than the service fee. Rather, revenue does not arise until defendant resells the currency on a \u201csell\u201d exchange. The revenue generated from these transactions is not calculated for each individual transaction, but is determined on a teller (TSO) till level for all foreign currency cash notes that would have been sold on a given day.\nTeter stated that all currencies, notes, and cash, which are sold and bought on different days at varying exchange rates, are lumped together. As such, certain currencies could sit in a TSO till for a number of days before that exact currency was involved in another transaction. Thus, a weighted cost average determines revenue generated. Teter further testified that the constant varying of exchange rates affects the total revenue generated.\nTeter again confirmed that defendant charges a customer a transaction fee per currency exchange. She explained that the fee varied between defendant\u2019s offices and markets. However, Teter stated, \u201cWell as I understand the process, once the fee is changed in the express change system, then it becomes constant in terms of how it appears on the rate board and in express change.\u201d She further asserted that the fee became \u201cconstant\u201d for a particular office.\nTeter also testified that, as stated in her affidavit, FSRs are trained to disclose a transaction fee to customers. During training, FSRs are informed that defendant purchases currency at a lower wholesale rate than that used in transactions involving sales of the same currency. She did not know whether FSRs are told to inform customers of the difference in exchange rates.\nTeter explained that each TSO orders foreign currency cash notes from defendant\u2019s United States money center in Las Vegas. The money center then receives foreign currency notes from its England office, which is the Global Foreign Exchange, and supplies the TSOs with their orders. Each TSO has set limits that it must stay within on a daily basis. Teter confirmed that the Global Foreign Exchange is responsible for purchasing currency. In addition, the Las Vegas office buys back excess currency cash notes from TSOs, which are then either returned to the Global Foreign Exchange or distributed to other TSOs.\nWhen asked as to how defendant profited from its business, Teter stated, \u201cOur TSOs will buy currency that they acquire via the Las Vegas money center. Those currencies are then marked up a percentage and sold to retail customers.\u201d She also testified that fees are assessed to retail customers for transactions.\nTeter explained that the \u201cpercentage markups\u201d are determined by local market managers who are responsible for the operation of TSOs within their given region. She stated that defendant had a system of tiers across the United States to determine markup rates. Each local market manager then determined the tier rate to apply in a given market based on the local competition. Teter stated that the tier would reflect \u201cthe spread rate on a percentage basis.\u201d\nTeter acknowledged that the retail rate at which defendant buys currency from a customer differs from the rate at which it sells the currency. She then confirmed that defendant\u2019s goal was to profit from the spread rate, which is the difference between the defendant\u2019s wholesale rate and plaintiffs retail rate.\nTeter further testified that the words \u201ctotal fees,\u201d as used in plaintiff\u2019s transaction, \u201creflect the total amount of fees that this particular customer paid to [defendant] for the transactions that are listed in express change.\u201d She confirmed that plaintiff paid a \u201ctotal fee\u201d of $3 for his transaction. She also again stated that defendant did not generate any other revenue from its individual transaction with plaintiff. That said, defendant may have generated revenue in addition to the $3 fee if it sold the pesos it bought from plaintiff at a later date for a better rate. Teter stated, \u201cI would hope that we would generate additional revenue over and above the $3 on this 1,050 pesos that were sold to us on the 16th of September. That would be my hope.\u201d\nThereafter, on March 21, 2006, the circuit court granted defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment following the parties\u2019 respective arguments. In granting summary judgment, the circuit court stated:\n\u201cCounsel, when I ruled on the Motion to Dismiss, I denied the Motion to Dismiss because I can only grant such a motion on the face of the Complaint where there was no set of facts that the plaintiff could prove that would allow them to recover. And if you could introduce evidence that somehow portrayed this $3 fee as the absolute net fee, then of course, you could recover.\nBut since the Motion to Dismiss, you have taken discovery. The plaintiffs deposition has been taken, and the plaintiff is unable to characterize this fee as the net fee or point to any misrepresentation made by American Express. You have also been unable to establish that had the plaintiff transacted business elsewhere, there would have been a different result. So I am going to grant the Motion for Summary Judgment.\u201d\nPlaintiff now appeals.\nANALYSIS\nThis court reviews a circuit court\u2019s order granting summary judgment de novo. Novakovic v. Samutin, 354 Ill. App. 3d 660, 666 (2004). Summary judgment is appropriate where the \u201cpleadings, depositions, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.\u201d 735 ILCS 5/2\u20141005(c) (West 2004). The trial court must construe the record against the moving party and may only grant summary judgment where the record shows that the movant\u2019s right to relief is clear and free from doubt. Samutin, 354 Ill. App. 3d at 666. That said, the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law where the nonmoving party fails to make a sufficient showing of an essential element of the case where the nonmoving party bore the burden of proof. Swisher v. Janes, 239 Ill. App. 3d 786, 794 (1992).\nIn this case, plaintiff alleged that defendant violated the Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act (Act) (815 ILCS 505/1 et seq. (West 2004)) by misrepresenting the profit that it generated from the September 16, 2004, transaction in which plaintiff exchanged Mexican pesos for United States dollars. The Act is a \u201cregulatory and remedial statute intended to protect consumers, borrowers, and business people against fraud, unfair methods of competition, and other unfair and deceptive business practices.\u201d Johnson v. Matrix Financial Services Corp., 354 Ill. App. 3d 684, 690 (2004). To establish a claim under the Act, plaintiff had to show that defendant committed a deceptive act or practice, that defendant intended for plaintiff to rely on the deception, and that the deception occurred in the course of conduct involving trade or commerce. Johnson, 354 Ill. App. 3d at 690. The Act defines a deceptive act in pertinent part as\n\u201cthe use or employment of any deception, fraud, false pretense, false promise, misrepresentation or the concealment, suppression or omission of any material fact, with intent that others rely upon the concealment, suppression or omission of such material fact *** in the conduct of any trade or commerce.\u201d 815 ILCS 505/2 (West 2004).\nThe Act is to be liberally construed in order to effectuate its purpose. Johnson, 354 Ill. App. 3d at 690.\nHere, the circuit court held that plaintiff failed to establish his claim under the Act where he \u201cwas unable to characterize [the $3 service fee] as the net fee or point to any misrepresentation made by American Express.\u201d The court further determined that plaintiff failed to show damages. We agree.\nAs he did in the court below, plaintiff bases his entire argument in this court on Covarrubias v. Bancomer, 351 Ill. App. 3d 737 (2004). In Bancomer, the plaintiff utilized the services of the defendant monetary transfer service to send the equivalent of $100 to a relative in Mexico for a $12 fee. The transaction receipt showed a $12 \u201cNet Sale Fee\u201d and stated that at a \u201cSure Money Exchange Rate\u201d of 9.71 pesos to the United States dollar, the plaintiffs relative received 971 pesos. The receipt also had a line that provided, \u201cCurrent Interbank Exchg Rate: 0.\u201d\nA few months after the transaction, the plaintiff filed a complaint in which he alleged that the defendant violated the Act because it had paid considerably less than $100 for the 971 pesos it provided the plaintiffs relative. As such, he argued that the defendant deceptively labeled the transaction as providing a \u201cnet sale fee\u201d of $12 when the defendant also earned a profit by obtaining the 971 pesos it provided the plaintiffs relative for less than $100. The circuit court dismissed the plaintiffs claim based on its conclusion that the defendant was not under a duty to disclose that its 9.71 exchange rate included a profit. Bancomer, 351 Ill. App. 3d at 738-39. On appeal, however, the reviewing court reversed the circuit court and held that the plaintiff did state a cause of action under the Act. Bancomer, 351 Ill. App. 3d at 742.\nAlthough we acknowledge the factual similarities between Bancomer and the case at bar, we find plaintiffs reliance on Bancomer to be unpersuasive. First, we observe that the Bancomer court\u2019s analysis relied heavily on Martin v. Heinold Commodities, Inc., 163 Ill. 2d 33 (1994), and Bernhauser v. Glen Ellyn Dodge, Inc., 288 Ill. App. 3d 984 (1997). We find those cases distinguishable.\nIn Martin, 163 Ill. 2d at 51, the plaintiff purchased commodity options contracts through the defendant, Heinold Commodities, Inc. Following a London Commodity Option (LCO) transaction, the defendant labeled a commission as a foreign service fee in its summary disclosure statement to plaintiff. The court concluded that the plaintiff was thus led to believe that the \u201cfee\u201d was an additional cost that the defendant incurred and paid to a third party in LCO transactions. Martin, 163 Ill. 2d at 51. Despite the defendant\u2019s protestations that the labeling complied with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission\u2019s regulations found in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and thus served as a defense to a violation of the Act, our supreme court held that the defendant not only violated the CFR but affirmed the lower courts\u2019 rulings that the defendant had violated the Act. Martin, 163 Ill. 2d at 51-53. In so holding, our supreme court explained, \u201cHowever, we simply note that Heinold\u2019s deception was not in failing to disclose the exact amount of its compensation, but in failing to disclose that the foreign service fee was a commission, from which it would derive compensation.\u201d (Emphasis in original.) Martin, 163 Ill. 2d at 52.\nIn Bernhauser, 288 Ill. App. 3d at 986-87, plaintiffs brought separate lawsuits against defendant car dealers in which plaintiffs alleged that the respective defendants placed the fees for extended-service contracts under the heading \u201cAmounts Paid to Others for You\u201d in their respective retail installment contracts (RIG), and thus represented the extended-service contract fees as \u201cpass through charges.\u201d The records showed, however, that the defendants merely paid administrative fees to third parties and pocketed the balance of the extended-service contract fee. That said, the respective circuit courts dismissed plaintiffs\u2019 claims pursuant to section 2\u2014615 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2\u2014615 (West 1994)) where the courts found that the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. \u00a71601 et seq. (1994)) permitted the nondisclosure of where the extended-service contract money was going. Bernhauser, 288 Ill. App. 3d at 987-88.\nOn appeal, however, the reviewing court reversed the circuit courts\u2019 rulings in a consolidated ruling after determining that the plaintiffs stated a prima facie case under the Act. Bernhauser, 288 Ill. App. 3d at 991. In so ruling, the court determined that the defendants\u2019 practice did not comply with the Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z (12 C.F.R. \u00a7226 (1979)). Bernhauser, 288 Ill. App. 3d at 992.\nAs such, the defendants in Martin and Bernhauser mislabeled fees on receipts as payments to third parties when those fees were all or in part profits retained by the defendants. Bancomer did not entail the mislabeling of a profit as a fee but, rather, involved the defendant\u2019s failure to reveal that it received a better exchange rate when it bought Mexican pesos than the plaintiff received when he transferred $100 to Mexico for the Mexican pesos his relative received. Consequently, it is questionable whether the holdings in Martin and Bernhauser provide support for the holding in Bancomer.\nMore significantly, we recognize the procedural differences between Bancomer and the case at bar. In Bancomer, the reviewing court reversed the circuit court\u2019s order granting the defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss pursuant to section 2\u2014615 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2\u2014615 (West 2004)). Bancomer, 351 Ill. App. 3d at 742. Conversely, the case at bar involves a circuit court\u2019s order granting summary judgment (735 ILCS 5/2\u20141005 (West 2004)) after an earlier denial of defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss. Thus, the circuit court here possessed a more developed record of the parties\u2019 transaction when making its ruling. This court also has the benefit of this developed record.\nTeter\u2019s and Norton\u2019s affidavits, coupled with Teter\u2019s and plaintiffs depositions, show that upon plaintiffs entrance into defendant\u2019s office, the electronic exchange rate board displayed an exchange rate of 0.080936652 United States dollars per Mexican peso. The FSR informed plaintiff of this exchange rate and also revealed that defendant charged a $3 fee per transaction. The FSR then conducted the transaction only after plaintiff agreed to the exchange rate and service fee. Upon completion of the transaction, plaintiff received a receipt which noted the $3 transaction fee as \u201cfees\u201d and \u201ctotal fees\u201d and did not object.\nIn addition, Teter disclosed that defendant receives a better exchange rate when its Global Foreign Exchange office in England purchases currency than a customer receives on an individual transaction due to the fact that defendant receives a wholesale rate as opposed to a customer retail rate. Teter further admitted that defendant clearly hoped to obtain additional revenue from its customer transactions.\nThus, unlike Bancomer, the record shows that defendant at bar did not represent the transaction fee as a \u201cnet sale fee\u201d nor did it imply that the interbank exchange rate was zero. Nonetheless, despite the language used on the receipt, we find that defendant\u2019s profit-seeking behavior should have been evident to plaintiff. The Seventh Circuit recognized this economic reality in In re Mexico Money Transfer Litigation, 267 F.3d 743 (7th Cir. 2001), a case which the Bancomer court declined to follow without much explanation.\nIn In re Mexico Money Transfer Litigation, the plaintiffs filed a class action complaint in which they alleged that the defendants MoneyGram and Western Union failed to disclose that they generated profits in addition to the transaction fees they charged for currency transfers based on the different exchange rate they received as compared to a customer. Although the parties settled out of court, some plaintiff class members opted out of the agreement and challenged it in court. Following the district court\u2019s affirmation of the award, the objectors appealed. On appeal, the Seventh Circuit not only found the settlement adequate but commented:\n\u201cNo state or federal law requires either currency exchanges or wire-transfer firms to disclose the interbank rate at which they buy specie, as opposed to the retail rate at which they sell currency (and the retail price is invariably disclosed). That is why the plaintiffs have been driven to make generic fraud claims. But since when is failure to disclose the precise difference between wholesale and retail prices for any commodity \u2018fraud\u2019?\u201d In re Mexico Money Transfer Litigation, 267 F.3d at 749.\nThe Seventh Circuit then stated:\n\u201cMoney is just a commodity in an international market. [Citation.] Pesos are for sale \u2014 at one price for those who buy in bulk (parcels of $5 million or more) and at another, higher price for those who buy at retail and must compensate the middlemen for the expense of holding an inventory, providing retail outlets, keeping records, ensuring that the recipient is the one designated by the sender, and so on. Neiman Marcus does not tell customers what it paid for the clothes they buy, nor need an auto dealer reveal rebates and incentives it receives to sell cars. This is true in financial markets no less than markets for physical goods.\u201d In re Mexico Money Transfer Litigation, 267 F.3d at 749.\nWe find In re Mexico Money Transfer Litigation instructive. Defendant at bar, much like a retailer in any other industry, failed to disclose to plaintiff that it purchased a commodity at a wholesale rate, which it then sold to the plaintiff at a marked-up retail rate. Despite plaintiffs protestations, we do not find that such behavior constitutes a deceptive act. To conclude otherwise would discriminate against defendant simply based on the commodity \u2014 currency\u2014that it buys and sells. As such, we conclude that plaintiff cannot establish that defendant committed a deceptive act by labeling the $3 service fee as \u201ctotal fees\u201d on plaintiffs receipt.\nMoreover, even if plaintiff presented a question of fact as to the existence of a deceptive act, we find that he failed to demonstrate that he suffered any damages. Plaintiff argues that the damages he incurred should be measured as the difference between the rate which defendant paid plaintiff for his pesos and the rate defendant received when defendant subsequently sold those same pesos. As previously discussed, plaintiff had no access to the wholesale rate which defendant received as a result of selling the pesos in very large quantities, as explained in In re Mexico Money Transfer Litigation, 267 F.3d at 749.\nCONCLUSION\nFor the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court.\nAffirmed.\nNEVILLE and MURPHY, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE QUINN" } ], "attorneys": [ "Johnson & Bell, Ltd. (Howard W. Foster and Matthew A. Galin, of counsel), and Diab & Bock (Malik R. Diab, of counsel), both of Chicago, for appellant.", "Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal, LLf of Chicago (James A. Klenk and Julie Samuels, of counsel), and Stroock, Stroock & Lavan, LLF\u00a1 of Los Angeles, California (Julia B. Strickland, Stephen J. Newman, Andrew W Moritz, and Marcos D. Sasso, of counsel), for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "EDWARD SANCHEZ, Indiv. and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES COMPANY, INC., Defendant-Appellee.\nFirst District (4th Division)\nNo. 1\u201406\u20140878\nOpinion filed March 29, 2007.\nJohnson & Bell, Ltd. (Howard W. Foster and Matthew A. Galin, of counsel), and Diab & Bock (Malik R. Diab, of counsel), both of Chicago, for appellant.\nSonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal, LLf of Chicago (James A. Klenk and Julie Samuels, of counsel), and Stroock, Stroock & Lavan, LLF\u00a1 of Los Angeles, California (Julia B. Strickland, Stephen J. Newman, Andrew W Moritz, and Marcos D. Sasso, of counsel), for appellee." }, "file_name": "0449-01", "first_page_order": 465, "last_page_order": 477 }