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    "parties": [
      "DAROLD A. MILLER, JR., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JESSE WHITE, Secretary of State, State of Illinois, Defendant-Appellant."
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      {
        "text": "JUSTICE MYERSCOUGH\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff, Darold A. Miller, Jr., pleaded guilty to driving while impaired in Indiana, an offense substantially similar to driving under the influence (DUI) in Illinois. The authorities in Indiana reported plaintiffs conviction to defendant, Jesse White, in his capacity as Illinois\u2019 Secretary of State (Secretary) as required by the Driver\u2019s License Compact (Compact). The Secretary then revoked plaintiffs Illinois driver\u2019s license and driving privileges. Plaintiff asked the Secretary to rescind the order of revocation, and after a hearing, the Secretary refused. Plaintiff sought administrative review of the Secretary\u2019s decision. The circuit court reversed the Secretary\u2019s decision and ordered the Secretary to rescind the order of revocation. The Secretary appeals, and we reverse the circuit court\u2019s judgment.\nI. BACKGROUND\nOn January 9, 2005, plaintiff, a resident of Sheldon, Illinois, was arrested in Newton County, Indiana, for operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated. One month later, plaintiff pleaded guilty to the Class C misdemeanor and the parties agreed he would be sentenced to 60 days in jail, all of which was suspended except for the one day he already served; pay $1,100 in fines and costs; and have his driver\u2019s license suspended for one year for his refusal to take a chemical breath test, an additional 30 days\u2019 suspension thereafter, and then restricted for another 180 days wherein plaintiff would be allowed to drive in Indiana for employment purposes and in cases of medical emergency.\nThe Indiana court directed its clerk to transmit to the Secretary that plaintiffs plea \u201cand accompanying sentence be treated as a [supervision [ojrder pursuant to 730 ILCS 5/5\u20146\u20141(c) in the State of Illinois.\u201d The Indiana court further ordered \u201cthat the Illinois Secretary of State is to rescind any summary suspension in regards to [plaintiff].\u201d (Emphasis in original.)\nOn May 8, 2005, the Secretary revoked plaintiffs driving privileges pursuant to section 6\u2014206(a)(6) of the Illinois Vehicle Code (Vehicle Code) (625 ILCS 5/6\u2014206(a)(6) (West 2004)), because the offense of which plaintiff was convicted would have been grounds for suspension or revocation had it been committed in Illinois.\nPlaintiff sought rescission of the Secretary\u2019s order of revocation and a hearing was held on July 12, 2005. After hearing evidence, the hearing officer issued his findings of fact, conclusions of law, and a recommendation that plaintiffs petition be denied. The hearing officer concluded plaintiff failed to submit sufficient evidence to warrant rescission of the order of revocation as (1) he did not present evidence that (a) the Indiana court had jurisdiction over the Secretary or (b) the Indiana court had jurisdiction to \u201cprovide through Illinois law a sentence (supervision), which is not provided for in the laws of the State where the offense and conviction occurred\u201d; (2) the Secretary was not a party to the proceeding involving the charge against plaintiff in Indiana; and (3) plaintiff was convicted of operating a vehicle while intoxicated, an offense, which if committed in Illinois, would be grounds for revocation of his driver\u2019s license and privileges. On July 26, 2005, the Secretaiy adopted the hearing officer\u2019s recommendation and denied the petition.\nOn August 31, 2005, plaintiff filed his complaint for administrative review in the circuit court. The parties submitted briefs in support of their positions. Plaintiffs brief framed the issue as \u201cwhether the Secretary erred, and violated [section 6\u2014703 of the Vehicle Code] when it revoked the Plaintiffs driver\u2019s license.\u201d\nOn July 10, 2006, the circuit court entered an order reversing the Secretary\u2019s decision and directing the Secretary to rescind the order of revocation with regard to plaintiffs driver\u2019s license. The court found the Secretary\u2019s refusal \u201cto rescind the [p]laintiff s revocation of his [d]river\u2019s [l]icense violates the provisions of [section 6\u2014703] in that [the Secretary] has failed to give the same effect to conduct occurring out [of] [s]tate as it would if such conduct had occurred\u201d in Illinois. Moreover, the court stated that plaintiffs \u201csentence is entitled to being treated as supervision under the provision of [section 5\u20146\u20141(c) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Unified Code) (730 ILCS 5/5\u20146\u20141(c) (West 2004))] in that the Indiana [c]ourt specifically found that [p]laintiff should be granted court supervision.\u201d Finally, the court concluded the Secretary treated plaintiff \u201cmore harshly or more severely\u201d because his offense occurred in Indiana \u201cthan the conduct or behavior would have been treated had the offense occurred in the state of Illinois.\u201d\nThis appeal followed.\nII. ANALYSIS\nIn the case at bar, the parties do not dispute that plaintiff was convicted of driving while impaired in Indiana and that offense is substantially similar to the offense of DUI in Illinois. On administrative review, plaintiff argued, and the circuit court accepted the arguments, that the Secretary violated section 6\u2014703 of the Vehicle Code and that the Indiana sentence is entitled to being treated as court supervision under section 5\u20146\u20141(c) of the Unified Code (730 ILCS 5/5\u20146\u20141(c) (West 2004)). Further, the court opined the Secretary treated plaintiffs conduct more harshly because it occurred in Indiana rather than in Illinois.\nOn appeal, the Secretary argues (1) the Compact only requires him to treat plaintiffs out-of-state conviction for DUI the same as he would treat that conviction had the conduct occurred in Illinois, (2) he is authorized to revoke a person\u2019s driving privileges if that person is convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol in another state, and (3) section 5\u20146\u20141(c) of the Unified Code merely provides that entry of an order of supervision is a matter of discretion.\nA. Standard of Review\nThe Secretary\u2019s final administrative decisions are subject to judicial review pursuant to the Administrative Review Law (735 ILCS 5/3\u2014101 through 3\u2014113 (West 2004)), and a reviewing court may not overturn an administrative agency\u2019s decision unless the administrative agency exercised its authority in an arbitrary and capricious manner or its decision is against the manifest weight of the evidence (Bruce v. White, 344 Ill. App. 3d 795, 798-99, 801 N.E.2d 581, 584 (2003)). The Secretary\u2019s findings and conclusions on questions of fact are prima facie true and correct and if anything in the record fairly supports the agency\u2019s decision, that decision is not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Bruce, 344 Ill. App. 3d at 799, 801 N.E.2d at 584. \u201cAn agency\u2019s conclusion on a question of law is reviewed de novo.\u201d Comprehensive Community Solutions, Inc. v. Rockford School District No. 205, 216 Ill. 2d 455, 471, 837 N.E.2d 1, 10 (2005). Additionally, we review the Secretary\u2019s decision and not the circuit court\u2019s decision. Mefford v. White, 331 Ill. App. 3d 167, 173, 770 N.E.2d 1251, 1256 (2002).\nB. Driver\u2019s License Compact\nIllinois is a member of the Compact. See 625 ILCS 5/6\u2014700 through 6\u2014708 (West 2004). Indiana is also a member of the Compact. See Ind. Code Ann. \u00a79\u201428\u20141\u20143 (LexisNexis 2004).\nThe parties to the Compact recognized that (1) the safety of their streets is materially affected by the degree of compliance with local ordinances and state laws that relate to operating motor vehicles, (2) the violation of such ordinances or laws is evidence that the violator engages in conduct that is likely to threaten the safely of persons and property, and (3) the continuation of a license to drive is predicated upon a driver\u2019s compliance with the ordinances and laws relating to the operation of motor vehicles in whichever jurisdiction , the vehicle is operated. 625 ILCS 5/6\u2014701 (West 2004). In furtherance of these policies, the Compact states the following:\n\u201cThe licensing authority of a party state shall report each conviction of a person from another party state occurring within its jurisdiction to the licensing authority of the home state of the licensee. Such report shall clearly identify the person convicted; describe the violation specifying the section of the statute, code[,] or ordinance violated; identify the court in which action was taken; indicate whether a plea of guilty or not guilty was entered, or the conviction was a result of the forfeiture of bail, bond or other security; and shall include any special findings made in connection therewith.\u201d 625 ILCS 5/6\u2014702 (West 2004).\nThe Compact further provides that in cases of convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol, among other offenses, the licensing authority for the home state for purposes of suspending, revoking, or limiting the license to operate a motor vehicle \u201cshall give the same effect to the conduct reported, pursuant to [sjection 6\u2014702 [(625 ILCS 5/6\u2014702 (West 2004))], as it would if such conduct had occurred in the home state.\u201d 625 ILCS 5/6\u2014703 (West 2004). In this case, Illinois is the home state. See 625 ILCS 5/6\u2014700(b) (West 2002) (\u201c \u2018Home state\u2019 means the state which has issued and has the power to suspend or revoke the use of the license or permit to operate a motor vehicle\u201d). The plain language of section 6\u2014703 requires only that, for purposes of suspending, revoking, or limiting plaintiffs driver\u2019s license or driving privileges, the Secretary treat plaintiffs conduct the same as if plaintiffs conduct had occurred in Illinois. Thus, we must determine whether the Secretary would have possessed the authority to revoke plaintiffs driver\u2019s license had the conduct occurred in Illinois.\nC. Did the Secretary Possess the Authority To Revoke Plaintiffs Driver\u2019s License?\nUnder section 6\u2014206(a)(6) of the Vehicle Code, the Secretary has the discretionary authority to suspend or revoke the driving privileges of any person, without preliminary hearing, upon a showing that person has been convicted of any offense which, if committed in Illinois, would be grounds for suspension or revocation. 625 ILCS 5/6\u2014206(a)(6) (West 2004). Section 6\u2014205(a)(2) of the Vehicle Code states the Secretary of State shall immediately revoke the driver\u2019s license or driving privileges of any driver upon receiving a report of the driver\u2019s conviction for violating section 11\u2014501 of the Vehicle Code (625 ILCS 5/11\u2014501 (West 2004)) or a similar provision of a local ordinance relating to the offense of operating or being in physical control of a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol. Section 11\u2014501(a)(2) of the Vehicle Code prohibits driving under the influence of alcohol. 625 ILCS 5/11\u2014501(a)(2) (West 2004).\nAs stated, neither party disputes that the offense plaintiff pleaded guilty to in Indiana, i.e., driving while impaired, is \u201csubstantially similar\u201d to the offense of DUI in Illinois. Because the Secretary has the authority to revoke a driver\u2019s license upon conviction of DUI in Illinois, the Secretary possessed the authority to revoke plaintiffs driver\u2019s license upon learning of his Indiana conviction for a substantially similar offense.\nD. Plaintiffs Argument That the Secretary Erred in Refusing To Treat His Indiana Sentence as Court Supervision\nPlaintiff argues the Secretary erred by refusing to treat the Indiana sentence as court supervision. Plaintiffs argument is twofold. First, plaintiff contends the Secretary erred by ignoring the Indiana court\u2019s \u201cspecial finding\u201d that the Secretary should treat plaintiffs sentence as one of court supervision under section 5\u20146\u20141 of the Unified Code. Second, plaintiff maintains case law supports his position. The Secretary contends the argument that he was required to treat plaintiffs sentence in Indiana as one of court supervision is without basis. We agree with the Secretary.\nSection 5\u20146\u20141(c) of the Unified Code provides that subject to certain conditions and exceptions, a court may, upon a finding of guilt, defer further proceedings and the imposition of a sentence and order supervision. 730 ILCS 5/5\u20146\u20141(c) (West 2004). The court may enter an order of supervision if, after considering the circumstances of the offense, and the history, character, and condition of the offender, the court opines that (1) the offender is unlikely to commit further crimes, (2) the defendant and public would be best served if defendant did not receive a criminal record, and (3) in the best interests of justice a supervision order is more appropriate than a sentence otherwise permitted under the Unified Code. 730 ILCS 5/5\u20146\u20141(c)(1), (c)(2), (c)(3) (West 2004).\nPlaintiff contends the Secretary chose to ignore the Indiana court\u2019s \u201cspecial finding\u201d that the Secretary shall treat that court\u2019s sentence as a supervision order under section 5\u20146\u20141(c) of the Unified Code. However, plaintiff has not cited, nor has our research revealed, authority for the proposition that a court sitting in another state has the authority to order the Secretary how to treat citizens of this state who have been convicted of DUI or a \u201csubstantially similar\u201d offense in other states. Finally, the parties do not cite nor has our research led us to any provision in Indiana\u2019s statutes that indicates an Indiana court can grant court supervision to a person convicted of driving while impaired. It defies logic to give a court sitting in another jurisdiction the authority to require the Secretary to treat a sentence as court supervision when the sentencing court could not impose such a sentence in the state in which it sits.\nPlaintiff also contends two Illinois cases support his proposition that the Secretary should have treated his Indiana sentence as one of supervision. We disagree with plaintiffs interpretation of these cases and conclude they in fact support the Secretary\u2019s position.\nIn Schultz v. Edgar, 170 Ill. App. 3d 36, 37, 523 N.E.2d 1289, 1290 (1988), the plaintiff was arrested in Wisconsin for DUI. Plaintiff pleaded guilty to the offense and his driver\u2019s license was suspended for three months in Wisconsin. Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 37, 523 N.E.2d at 1290. Pursuant to section 6\u2014702 of the Vehicle Code, Wisconsin notified the Secretary of plaintiffs conviction and the Secretary subsequently revoked plaintiffs driver\u2019s license and driving privileges in Illinois. Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 37, 523 N.E.2d at 1290. Plaintiff filed a petition seeking rescission of the order of revocation and reinstatement of full driving privileges or for the issuance of a restricted driving permit (RDP). Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 38, 523 N.E.2d at 1290. The Secretary denied plaintiffs petition. Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 38, 523 N.E.2d at 1290. The circuit court reversed the Secretary\u2019s decision because the Secretary \u201c \u2018did not have the authority to add punishment on punishment\u2019 when he revoked plaintiffs license based on a Wisconsin DUI conviction when a Wisconsin court only suspended plaintiffs driving privileges for three months.\u201d Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 38, 523 N.E.2d at 1290-91.\nThe First District reversed the circuit court\u2019s decision. The court noted the Secretary has discretionary authority to revoke the Illinois driver\u2019s license of a person convicted of DUI in another jurisdiction pursuant to sections 6\u2014205(a)(2), 6\u2014206(a)(6), and 6\u2014703(a)(2) of the Vehicle Code. Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 38-39, 523 N.E.2d at 1291. The court stated \u201c[t]he Illinois legislature has entrusted [the Secretary] with exclusive authority to regulate the issuance or denial of Illinois driver\u2019s licenses, and it would be contrary to public policy in Illinois to require [the Secretary] to apply a more lenient Wisconsin statute to plaintiffs offense.\u201d Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 39, 523 N.E.2d at 1291.\nThe court also rejected plaintiffs argument that revocation of his driver\u2019s license was improper because he was a first-time DUI offender and may have received court supervision rather than a conviction had he been prosecuted in Illinois. Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 39, 523 N.E.2d at 1291. The court stated \u201cthis argument provides no basis to overturn the revocation of plaintiffs driver\u2019s license where he committed a DUI offense while on a Wisconsin highway and was therefore subject to the laws of that jurisdiction.\u201d Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 39, 523 N.E.2d at 1291. Further, the court noted that every first-time DUI offender in Illinois does not necessarily receive court supervision as that is a determination solely within the discretion of the trial court. Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 39, 523 N.E.2d at 1291.\nIn Mills v. Edgar, 178 Ill. App. 3d 1054, 1055, 534 N.E.2d 187, 188 (1989), the plaintiff pleaded guilty to driving while impaired in Colorado. After learning of this conviction, the Secretary entered an order revoking plaintiffs Illinois driver\u2019s license pursuant to section 6\u2014205(d) of the Vehicle Code. Mills, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 1055, 534 N.E.2d at 188. Plaintiff petitioned the Secretary to rescind that order, but the Secretary denied the request. Mills, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 1055, 534 N.E.2d at 188. The circuit court reversed the Secretary\u2019s decision after finding it was contrary to law and ordered the Secretary to rescind the revocation of the plaintiffs driver\u2019s license. Mills, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 1055, 534 N.E.2d at 188.\nThe Fourth District found the offense of driving while impaired in Colorado is \u201c \u2018substantially similar\u2019 \u201d within the meaning of section 6\u2014703(c) of the Vehicle Code to the offense of DUI in Illinois. Mills, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 1058, 534 N.E.2d at 190. Plaintiff maintained that he likely would have been placed on supervision, no conviction would have been obtained, and he would not have lost his driving privileges had he been charged with DUI in Illinois and his impairment was no worse than that which would have merely constituted driving while impaired under Colorado law. Mills, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 1058, 534 N.E.2d at 190. The court found that supposition to be too speculative. Mills, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 1058, 534 N.E.2d at 190. Further, the court stated section 6\u2014703 of the Vehicle Code \u201cindicates the \u2018conduct\u2019 giving rise to the offenses in the various States is the element to compare and not the penalties.\u201d Mills, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 1058, 534 N.E.2d at 190.\nAs stated, plaintiff argues the Secretary should have treated the Indiana court\u2019s sentence as an order of supervision. Plaintiff also contends that since this is his first DUI offense, it is likely he would have been given court supervision if the conduct giving rise to the offense had occurred in Illinois rather than Indiana.\nFirst, as in Mills, it is too speculative to say an Illinois court would likely have given plaintiff court supervision had the conduct occurred in Illinois rather than Indiana. Mills, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 1058, 534 N.E.2d at 190. Further, as the Schultz court noted, every first-time DUI offender in Illinois does not necessarily receive court supervision. That is a determination that lies solely within the discretion of the trial court. Schultz, 170 Ill. App. 3d at 39, 523 N.E.2d at 1291. In this case, the trial court was an Indiana court, and as stated, that court does not have the authority to require the Secretary to treat plaintiffs sentence as one of court supervision. Our legislature has entrusted the authority to regulate the issuance and/or denial of Illinois driver\u2019s licenses solely to the Secretary. An Indiana court does not possess the authority to order the Secretary how to utilize the authority our legislature has vested in him.\nClearly, the Indiana trial court intended plaintiff not be suspended or revoked in Illinois. However, curiously, that court actually suspended plaintiffs driver\u2019s license in Indiana for 13 months followed by an' RDP for 180 days. We question why the court would suspend plaintiffs driving privileges in Indiana and yet order the Illinois Secretary of State to allow plaintiff to drive in Illinois. We also question how the court could issue an Indiana restricted permit to an Illinois driver.\nFinally, we concede the penalty for DUI in Indiana may differ from that in Illinois. Indiana apparently does not recognize supervision as a disposition for DUI while Illinois does. However, the Compact adopted by our legislature does not accommodate this distinction between states, and, therefore, the legislature may need to reconsider this conflict between states\u2019 sentencing statutes.\nIII. CONCLUSION\nFor the reasons stated, we conclude the Secretary\u2019s decision to revoke plaintiffs driver\u2019s license was not arbitrary, capricious, or against the manifest weight of the evidence, and we reverse the circuit court\u2019s judgment and reinstate the Secretary\u2019s decision.\nReversed; Secretary\u2019s decision reinstated.\nSTEIGMANN, EJ., and COOK, J., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "JUSTICE MYERSCOUGH"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Lisa Madigan, Attorney General, of Chicago (Gary S. Feinerman, Solicitor General, and Janon E. Fabiano (argued), Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), for appellant.",
      "Ronald E. Boyer (argued), of Ronald E. Boyer, EC., of Watseka, for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "DAROLD A. MILLER, JR., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. JESSE WHITE, Secretary of State, State of Illinois, Defendant-Appellant.\nFourth District\nNo. 4\u201406\u20140673\nArgued March 21, 2007.\nOpinion filed April 9, 2007.\nLisa Madigan, Attorney General, of Chicago (Gary S. Feinerman, Solicitor General, and Janon E. Fabiano (argued), Assistant Attorney General, of counsel), for appellant.\nRonald E. Boyer (argued), of Ronald E. Boyer, EC., of Watseka, for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0661-01",
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