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        "cite": "341 Ill. App. 3d 621",
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        "cite": "287 Ill. App. 3d 77",
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          {
            "page": "202",
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        "pin_cites": [
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          {
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            "page": "838"
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        "cite": "144 Ill. 2d 242",
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          5592120
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      {
        "cite": "817 N.E.2d 511",
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        "cite": "488 N.E.2d 949",
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            "page": "953",
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        "category": "reporters:state",
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          453253
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      {
        "cite": "735 N.E.2d 616",
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          453251
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "375",
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      {
        "cite": "327 Ill. App. 3d 180",
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        "case_ids": [
          79313
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          3738727
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        "cite": "411 Ill. 21",
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          5312521
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        "cite": "719 N.E.2d 725",
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      {
        "cite": "187 Ill. 2d 406",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          1131043
        ],
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      {
        "cite": "782 N.E.2d 195",
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        "weight": 2,
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          {
            "page": "199-200",
            "parenthetical": "holding that postconviction petitioner cannot be excused from the pleading requirements of section 122 - 2"
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      {
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          1442048
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        "case_ids": [
          9411128
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      {
        "cite": "626 N.E.2d 1140",
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          {
            "page": "1150",
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      {
        "cite": "254 Ill. App. 3d 538",
        "category": "reporters:state",
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        "case_ids": [
          2979302
        ],
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        "cite": "696 N.E.2d 313",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
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          {
            "page": "335-36"
          }
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      {
        "cite": "182 Ill. 2d 404",
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          864527
        ],
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      {
        "cite": "637 N.E.2d 992",
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          {
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            "parenthetical": "holding it was not error for trial court to bar testimony of three witnesses who claimed they had also been abused by the same officer who abused defendant because there was no evidence that the defendant had sustained injuries consistent with his claim of police brutality"
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      {
        "cite": "159 Ill. 2d 272",
        "category": "reporters:state",
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          781338
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        "cite": "706 N.E.2d 1017",
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          {
            "page": "1022-23"
          }
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      {
        "cite": "302 Ill. App. 3d 614",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
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          1352936
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          {
            "page": "621"
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          {
            "page": "619-24"
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            "page": "625"
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        "cite": "670 N.E.2d 679",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "687",
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      {
        "cite": "173 Ill. 2d 102",
        "category": "reporters:state",
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        "case_ids": [
          147621
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        "pin_cites": [
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          {
            "page": "914"
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      {
        "cite": "141 Ill. 2d 40",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
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          3238211
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          {
            "page": "402"
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      {
        "cite": "101 Ill. 2d 128",
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        "case_ids": [
          3161012
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        "year": 1984,
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        "cite": "42 U.S.C. \u00a71983",
        "category": "laws:leg_statute",
        "reporter": "U.S.C.",
        "year": 2000,
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      {
        "cite": "6 F.3d 1233",
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          10514760
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        "cite": "549 N.E.2d 766",
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      {
        "cite": "192 Ill. App. 3d 986",
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        "case_ids": [
          2504823
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        "cite": "506 N.E.2d 571",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
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        "opinion_index": 0
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      {
        "cite": "116 Ill. 2d 29",
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          5543054
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        "cite": "656 N.E.2d 750",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1997,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "38"
          }
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        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "177 Ill. 2d 550",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
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        "pin_cites": [
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            "page": "563"
          }
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      {
        "cite": "850 N.E.2d 846",
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          {
            "page": "850-51"
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      {
        "cite": "365 Ill. App. 3d 778",
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        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          4263495
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      {
        "cite": "568 N.E.2d 425",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1991,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "427",
            "parenthetical": "noting that council commentary demonstrates that section 5 - 8-7(c) applies when the offender is arrested on one charge and the original charge is dropped in favor of a new charge that results in conviction and imprisonment"
          }
        ],
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      {
        "cite": "209 Ill. App. 3d 1061",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          2540427
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        "year": 1991,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1064",
            "parenthetical": "noting that council commentary demonstrates that section 5 - 8-7(c) applies when the offender is arrested on one charge and the original charge is dropped in favor of a new charge that results in conviction and imprisonment"
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        "cite": "653 N.E.2d 977",
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        "year": 1995,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "984",
            "parenthetical": "noting that the record on direct appeal of a criminal case rarely contains any explanation of the tactics of trial counsel and holding that, if those tactics are to be the subject of scrutiny, a record should be developed in which they can effectively be reviewed"
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      {
        "cite": "274 Ill. App. 3d 46",
        "category": "reporters:state",
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        "case_ids": [
          291584
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            "page": "56",
            "parenthetical": "noting that the record on direct appeal of a criminal case rarely contains any explanation of the tactics of trial counsel and holding that, if those tactics are to be the subject of scrutiny, a record should be developed in which they can effectively be reviewed"
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 2003,
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          {
            "page": "441",
            "parenthetical": "reaffirming Kunze and declining to address on direct appeal whether trial counsel's failure to request a certain jury instruction constituted ineffective assistance"
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      {
        "cite": "336 Ill. App. 3d 548",
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        "cite": "806 N.E.2d 1233",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 2004,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1249-50",
            "parenthetical": "reaffirming Kunze and declining to address on direct appeal trial counsel's failure to move to suppress certain evidence"
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      {
        "cite": "346 Ill. App. 3d 1121",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          3832570
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        "year": 2004,
        "pin_cites": [
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      {
        "cite": "550 N.E.2d 284",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1990,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "296",
            "parenthetical": "claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are often better made in proceedings on a petition for postconviction relief, where a complete record can be made"
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      {
        "cite": "193 Ill. App. 3d 708",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          2496987
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        "year": 1990,
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          {
            "page": "726",
            "parenthetical": "claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are often better made in proceedings on a petition for postconviction relief, where a complete record can be made"
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      {
        "cite": "575 N.E.2d 1261",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1991,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1270"
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        "opinion_index": 1
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      {
        "cite": "215 Ill. App. 3d 778",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          5295161
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        "year": 1991,
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          }
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        "opinion_index": 1,
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      {
        "cite": "636 N.E.2d 575",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1992,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "589",
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          }
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        "opinion_index": 1
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      {
        "cite": "264 Ill. App. 3d 712",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          680595
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        "year": 1992,
        "pin_cites": [
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            "page": "732",
            "parenthetical": "trial counsel is in charge of what questions to ask prospective jurors during voir dire examination"
          }
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      {
        "cite": "631 N.E.2d 1281",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
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          {
            "page": "1288-89",
            "parenthetical": "an attorney's decision as to how or whether to cross-examine a witness is generally a matter of trial strategy"
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      {
        "cite": "260 Ill. App. 3d 539",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          2866581
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        "year": 1994,
        "pin_cites": [
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            "page": "546",
            "parenthetical": "an attorney's decision as to how or whether to cross-examine a witness is generally a matter of trial strategy"
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        "cite": "808 N.E.2d 1159",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 2004,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1167",
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      {
        "cite": "347 Ill. App. 3d 1044",
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        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          3950176
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        "year": 2004,
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        "cite": "838 N.E.2d 160",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 2005,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "170",
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        "cite": "361 Ill. App. 3d 836",
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            "page": "1162",
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      {
        "cite": "179 Ill. 2d 297",
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        "cite": "851 N.E.2d 1220",
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      {
        "cite": "352 Ill. App. 3d 867",
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      {
        "cite": "162 Ill. 2d 224",
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      {
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      {
        "cite": "773 N.E.2d 218",
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      {
        "cite": "332 Ill. App. 3d 808",
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            "parenthetical": "finding defendant's prior traffic and battery convictions demonstrated familiarity with the criminal justice system and supported a finding of a knowing waiver"
          }
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      {
        "cite": "567 N.E.2d 660",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
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          {
            "page": "662"
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            "page": "662"
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      {
        "cite": "208 Ill. App. 3d 979",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          2548536
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        "weight": 2,
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            "page": "982"
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          {
            "page": "982"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "732 N.E.2d 1109",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 2000,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1120"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "315 Ill. App. 3d 162",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          980685
        ],
        "year": 2000,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "176"
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        "opinion_index": 0,
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      },
      {
        "cite": "469 N.E.2d 195",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1984,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "197"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "103 Ill. 2d 327",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          3152474
        ],
        "year": 1984,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "332"
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        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/ill-2d/103/0327-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "687 N.E.2d 48",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "51"
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          {
            "page": "52-53",
            "parenthetical": "finding defendant's four prior convictions supported a presumption of familiarity with jury waivers, thus supporting a finding of a valid waiver"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "177 Ill. 2d 462",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          317108
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        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1997,
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          {
            "page": "469"
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          {
            "page": "471"
          }
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      },
      {
        "cite": "710 N.E.2d 833",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1999,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "834"
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          {
            "page": "834"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "186 Ill. 2d 283",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          243894
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1999,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "285"
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          {
            "page": "285"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/ill-2d/186/0283-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "821 N.E.2d 253",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 2004,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "256"
          },
          {
            "page": "256"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "213 Ill. 2d 265",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          8448655
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 2004,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "270"
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          {
            "page": "270"
          }
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        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
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      },
      {
        "cite": "515 N.E.2d 213",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1987,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "218-19",
            "parenthetical": "finding no conflict of interest when defense counsel advised his client and potential but uncharged codefendant not to testify with potential exculpatory testimony because it would likely inculpate the witness in the offenses that were the subject matter of his other Ghent's trial"
          },
          {
            "page": "218"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "161 Ill. App. 3d 586",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          3467836
        ],
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1987,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "594-95"
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          {
            "page": "594-95"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/ill-app-3d/161/0586-01"
        ]
      },
      {
        "cite": "385 N.E.2d 649",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1978,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "656"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "74 Ill. 2d 286",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          2994719
        ],
        "year": 1978,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "300-01"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/ill-2d/74/0286-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "402 N.E.2d 157",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1979,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "168"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "79 Ill. 2d 147",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          3069989
        ],
        "year": 1979,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "169"
          }
        ],
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        "case_paths": [
          "/ill-2d/79/0147-01"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "568 N.E.2d 200",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1991,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "205-06"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "209 Ill. App. 3d 366",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          2539977
        ],
        "year": 1991,
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          {
            "page": "375"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "402 N.E.2d 307",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1980,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "310"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "81 Ill. App. 3d 626",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          3229796
        ],
        "year": 1980,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "630"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
        "case_paths": [
          "/ill-app-3d/81/0626-01"
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      {
        "cite": "233 N.E.2d 421",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1968,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "421-22"
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          {
            "page": "422",
            "parenthetical": "holding that defense counsel is not free to cross-examine and impeach a codefendant testifying for the State because defense counsel still had to advocate for the codefendant during sentencing"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
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      {
        "cite": "39 Ill. 2d 66",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          2857225
        ],
        "weight": 2,
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          {
            "page": "67-68"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0,
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      },
      {
        "cite": "520 N.E.2d 907",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1988,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "912"
          },
          {
            "page": "912",
            "parenthetical": "holding defense counsel labored under a conflict of interest when a codefendant claimed innocence while claiming the other defendant was solely responsible for the criminal offenses"
          }
        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
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      {
        "cite": "165 Ill. App. 3d 1016",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          3615248
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        "weight": 2,
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          {
            "page": "1021"
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            "page": "1021"
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      {
        "cite": "385 N.E.2d 644",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1978,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "648"
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        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "74 Ill. 2d 319",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          2993617
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            "page": "327"
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            "page": "327-28"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "788 N.E.2d 68",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 2003,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "72-73"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "338 Ill. App. 3d 11",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          25365
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          {
            "page": "16"
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          {
            "page": "16"
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        "opinion_index": 0,
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      },
      {
        "cite": "435 U.S. 475",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
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        "case_ids": [
          2258
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        "weight": 6,
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          {
            "page": "483-84"
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          {
            "page": "433-34"
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          {
            "page": "1178-79"
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          {
            "page": "488"
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          {
            "page": "436-37"
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          {
            "page": "1180-81"
          }
        ],
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      },
      {
        "cite": "446 U.S. 335",
        "category": "reporters:federal",
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          6182598
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        "weight": 3,
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          {
            "page": "348"
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            "page": "347"
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          {
            "page": "1718"
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      {
        "cite": "771 N.E.2d 386",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 2002,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "387"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "199 Ill. 2d 541",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          58923
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        "year": 2002,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "544"
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      {
        "cite": "525 N.E.2d 30",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
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          {
            "page": "34-35"
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            "page": "36"
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        "opinion_index": 0
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      {
        "cite": "123 Ill. 2d 1",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
          5551204
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      {
        "cite": "318 N.E.2d 108",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
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          {
            "page": "110-11",
            "parenthetical": "holding that defendant's presence at the scene of the crime without any evidence that she knew of the codefendant's actions, fled with the codefendant, or continued to associate with the codefendant did not support a finding of a common criminal design"
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      {
        "cite": "22 Ill. App. 3d 1029",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          2948895
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          {
            "page": "1032-33"
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          "/ill-app-3d/22/1029-01"
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      {
        "cite": "596 N.E.2d 89",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 2,
        "year": 1992,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "90",
            "parenthetical": "finding that defendant's appearance and flight with the codefendant after the commission of the crime was insufficient to hold him accountable"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
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      {
        "cite": "231 Ill. App. 3d 54",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
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      },
      {
        "cite": "725 N.E.2d 1258",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "1266",
            "parenthetical": "finding no shared criminal purpose because defendant did not appear at the scene with the codefendants, joined the codefendants to pay an unrelated monetary debt, and lacked knowledge regarding the circumstances of the ongoing confrontation"
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      {
        "cite": "189 Ill. 2d 254",
        "category": "reporters:state",
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        "case_ids": [
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        "year": 2000,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "268",
            "parenthetical": "finding no shared criminal purpose because defendant did not appear at the scene with the codefendants, joined the codefendants to pay an unrelated monetary debt, and lacked knowledge regarding the circumstances of the ongoing confrontation"
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      },
      {
        "cite": "629 N.E.2d 774",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "778",
            "parenthetical": "finding a common criminal design that defendant accompanied the codefendant to the scene of the crime, did not attempt to prevent the crime, and alerted the codefendant of a fleeing victim"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
      },
      {
        "cite": "258 Ill. App. 3d 364",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d",
        "case_ids": [
          2882137
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        "year": 1994,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "368",
            "parenthetical": "finding a common criminal design that defendant accompanied the codefendant to the scene of the crime, did not attempt to prevent the crime, and alerted the codefendant of a fleeing victim"
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      {
        "cite": "646 N.E.2d 567",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "weight": 4,
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        "pin_cites": [
          {
            "page": "571"
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          {
            "page": "571"
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            "page": "571"
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          {
            "page": "572",
            "parenthetical": "stating defendant's flight without a determination of defendant's state of mind was sufficient to support a finding of a common criminal purpose"
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        ],
        "opinion_index": 0
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      {
        "cite": "164 Ill. 2d 131",
        "category": "reporters:state",
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        "weight": 4,
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        "pin_cites": [
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            "page": "140-41"
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          {
            "page": "141"
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          {
            "page": "141"
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          {
            "page": "142",
            "parenthetical": "stating defendant's flight without a determination of defendant's state of mind was sufficient to support a finding of a common criminal purpose"
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        "opinion_index": 0,
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      },
      {
        "cite": "554 N.E.2d 174",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
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          {
            "page": "190"
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        "opinion_index": 0
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      {
        "cite": "136 Ill. 2d 27",
        "category": "reporters:state",
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          3254843
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        "year": 1990,
        "pin_cites": [
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        "opinion_index": 0,
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      },
      {
        "cite": "818 N.E.2d 304",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 2004,
        "pin_cites": [
          {
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        "opinion_index": 0
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      {
        "cite": "212 Ill. 2d 274",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
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      {
        "cite": "538 N.E.2d 461",
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        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
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      {
        "cite": "128 Ill. 2d 1",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
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      {
        "cite": "586 N.E.2d 1261",
        "category": "reporters:state_regional",
        "reporter": "N.E.2d",
        "year": 1992,
        "pin_cites": [
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      {
        "cite": "146 Ill. 2d 363",
        "category": "reporters:state",
        "reporter": "Ill. 2d",
        "case_ids": [
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