{ "id": 4271225, "name": "In re MARRIAGE OF ROBIN C. MANKER, Petitioner-Appellee and Cross-Appellant, and PATRICIA J. MANKER, Respondent-Appellant and Cross-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "In re Marriage of Manker", "decision_date": "2007-06-11", "docket_number": "No. 4-06-0439", "first_page": "465", "last_page": "480", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "375 Ill. App. 3d 465" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "Ill. App. Ct.", "id": 8837, "name": "Illinois Appellate Court" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 29, "name_long": "Illinois", "name": "Ill." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "621 N.E.2d 929", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "933", "parenthetical": "\"The award of maintenance to a spouse is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court, and on appeal, we will not reverse its decision unless it constitutes an abuse of discretion or is against the manifest weight of the evidence\" (emphasis added)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "251 Ill. App. 3d 152", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2960606 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "156", "parenthetical": "\"The award of maintenance to a spouse is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court, and on appeal, we will not reverse its decision unless it constitutes an abuse of discretion or is against the manifest weight of the evidence\" (emphasis added)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/251/0152-01" ] }, { "cite": "756 N.E.2d 382", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "388" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "324 Ill. App. 3d 839", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 256320 ], "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "846" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/324/0839-01" ] }, { "cite": "859 N.E.2d 1063", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1067" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "369 Ill. App. 3d 328", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4266944 ], "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "333" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/369/0328-01" ] }, { "cite": "857 N.E.2d 295", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "319" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "367 Ill. App. 3d 949", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4266261 ], "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "980" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/367/0949-01" ] }, { "cite": "834 N.E.2d 56", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "67" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "359 Ill. App. 3d 289", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5596534 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "302" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/359/0289-01" ] }, { "cite": "625 N.E.2d 1195", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1210" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "255 Ill. App. 3d 374", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2991306 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "394" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/255/0374-01" ] }, { "cite": "631 N.E.2d 893", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "895" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "259 Ill. App. 3d 336", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2871936 ], "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "339" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/259/0336-01" ] }, { "cite": "600 N.E.2d 437", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "451" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "234 Ill. App. 3d 178", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5186396 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "197" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/234/0178-01" ] }, { "cite": "825 N.E.2d 345", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "349" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "356 Ill. App. 3d 200", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3750126 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "205" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/356/0200-01" ] }, { "cite": "792 N.E.2d 337", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "344", "parenthetical": "\"Mlthough the reserved-jurisdiction method is not the only acceptable way to value a pension, when it is used, the amount divided is the amount actually received\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "339 Ill. App. 3d 752", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2469104 ], "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "760", "parenthetical": "\"Mlthough the reserved-jurisdiction method is not the only acceptable way to value a pension, when it is used, the amount divided is the amount actually received\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/339/0752-01" ] }, { "cite": "534 N.E.2d 468", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "471" }, { "page": "471" }, { "page": "471" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "179 Ill. App. 3d 187", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2609041 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "191" }, { "page": "191" }, { "page": "191" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/179/0187-01" ] }, { "cite": "397 N.E.2d 511", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "519" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "78 Ill. App. 3d 653", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5602728 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "663" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/78/0653-01" ] }, { "cite": "597 N.E.2d 1230", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1237" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "232 Ill. App. 3d 746", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 8499311 ], "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "757" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/232/0746-01" ] }, { "cite": "675 N.E.2d 1362", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 8, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1368" }, { "page": "1368" }, { "page": "1367", "parenthetical": "\"Disputes such as this one should not be allowed to linger for over a decade\"" }, { "page": "1366" }, { "page": "1366" }, { "page": "1366-68" }, { "page": "1369" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "286 Ill. App. 3d 236", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1544421 ], "weight": 8, "year": 1997, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "243" }, { "page": "243" }, { "page": "243" }, { "page": "241" }, { "page": "241" }, { "page": "240-43" }, { "page": "244" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/286/0236-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1176, "char_count": 37667, "ocr_confidence": 0.755, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.982405368397216e-08, "percentile": 0.37201454602179507 }, "sha256": "3ff553bfcee274aba86162e72d0e1f9663e198290cec38b55304845285bef3a1", "simhash": "1:8fee350e56448ee6", "word_count": 6162 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:53:12.225665+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "In re MARRIAGE OF ROBIN C. MANKER, Petitioner-Appellee and Cross-Appellant, and PATRICIA J. MANKER, Respondent-Appellant and Cross-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JUSTICE MYERSCOUGH\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nIn March 2006, the trial court dissolved the marriage of petitioner, Robin Manker, and respondent, Patricia Manker. Patricia appeals, arguing error in the trial court\u2019s decision (1) to retain jurisdiction on the allocation of petitioner\u2019s Teachers\u2019 Retirement System (TRS) pension until Patricia\u2019s TRS pension is in pay status and (2) that Robin\u2019s automated teller machine (ATM) withdrawals of funds from the marital checking and savings account after the couple\u2019s separation were not dissipation of marital funds. Robin cross-appeals, arguing that (1) the trial court erred in its treatment of attorney fees as dissipation of marital assets and (2) the maintenance award must be modified if this court reverses on the issue of the trial court\u2019s reservation of jurisdiction over the pensions. We affirm in part, reverse in part, vacate in part, and remand with directions.\nI. BACKGROUND\nRobin and Patricia were married on June 5, 1971. Their first son, Brad, was born in 1979. Their second son, Tyson, was born in 1982. In February 1992, Robin began a relationship with Karen Isom. That relationship lasted three months. On July 28, 2002, Robin moved out of the marital home. After Robin moved out, he lived with his parents for three months. Robin testified that he paid his parents $500 per month in rent. In 2003, Robin began dating Isom again. On August 18, 2003, Robin filed a petition for dissolution of marriage.\nOn December 7, 2004, Patricia filed a motion for temporary relief stating that she was paying the mortgage and all other household expenses. The motion requested that Robin\u2019s benefit payments from TRS be divided equally so that Patricia would receive $1,781.29 per month.\nAlso on December 7, 2004, Patricia filed a motion requesting a preliminary injunction and reimbursement of assets to the marital estate. The motion alleged that Robin had been using marital funds to make rent payments to Isom. The motion specifically referenced a $4,000 check written by Robin to Isom, which was allegedly for 10 months\u2019 rent at the rate of $400 per month. The motion also cited various expenditures made by Robin from marital funds for improvements on Isom\u2019s home.\nThe motion requested that the trial court enter a preliminary injunction prohibiting Robin from paying marital funds to Isom, or to any other individual or entity on her behalf, throughout the course of the dissolution proceedings. The motion requested the court enter an order for Robin to reimburse the marital estate for the cost of the rent paid to Isom and the cost of the improvements on her home. The motion also requested Robin reimburse the estate for the cost of labor expended in improving her home.\nOn January 31, 2005, the trial court entered an order reflecting that the parties had stipulated that (1) Robin would pay Patricia, as a marital property adjustment, $750 per month retroactive to June 2, 2004, and continuing until the court ordered otherwise; (2) Robin will not expend marital funds for gifts to Isom; (3) Robin would cease any further cash payments to Isom; (4) Robin would cease expending funds toward the repair, upkeep, or improvement of Isom\u2019s residence or other property of Isom\u2019s during the pendency of the dissolution proceedings; (5) any expenses Robin contributes to Isom\u2019s household must be reasonable; (6) reimbursement by Robin of amounts paid to Isom, including the $4,000 in rent, will be reserved until further order of the court; (7) Robin will pay Patricia $1,250, representing half of the $2,500 expenditures Robin expended to improve Isom\u2019s home; and (8) Patricia agreed to return 14 enumerated items of personal property to Robin that were in her possession at the time.\nThe trial court held a hearing on April 1, 2005. Robin testified that he currently resided with his girlfriend, Isom. He and Isom began living together in October 2003. Robin retired on June 2, 2004. Robin testified that prior to the trial court\u2019s order issued January 31, 2005, he had been paying Isom $400 per month in rent which he paid in one lump sum in June 2004 in the amount of $4,000 for 10 months\u2019 rent. After the court\u2019s order of June 2, 2004, Robin agreed not to make any further rent payments to Isom. Robin said he came to the $400 amount for rent by comparing prices of apartments in the local paper.\nRobin testified that after he moved out, Patricia was concerned about being able to pay her bills. Robin offered to pay the remainder of the loan balance left on her car. The payment was $500 per month, and Robin testified he made payments until the loan was paid in full on Patricia\u2019s car.\nPatricia testified that she was currently employed as an elementary schoolteacher at Washington School in School District 117 in Jacksonville. She had worked for the past eight years at District 117 and for five years from 1974 through 1979 (at the end of 1979 she took maternity leave and then resigned).\nPatricia testified that she currently had a total of 13 years of service at District 117 and that she had been given some credit for years she spent substitute teaching in the district. Patricia testified she was buying back credit for the time she spent on maternity leave. She was purchasing the maximum amount of credit she could, three years, for $12,000 plus $3,900 in interest for a total of $15,900. Patricia testified that her total years of service after buying the 3-year credit will be 16 years.\nJames K. Hagerman, a certified public accountant with Kerber, Eck, and Braeckel, testified that he specialized in the area of tax investments and financial planning. He testified for respondent; however, it was Patricia\u2019s attorney who originally asked him to render his opinion on the valuation of each party\u2019s TRS pensions.\nHe testified that in calculating the projected value of Patricia\u2019s pension, he assumed a retirement age of 60. On June 30, 2004, the time Hagerman made his valuation of Patricia\u2019s pension, Patricia had accumulated 13.78 years of service credit. In 1998, Patricia applied for an annuity benefit that would increase the return rate on her investment in her TRS benefit plan. She had been making payments to purchase the improved return rate since 1998.\nHagerman explained that, to project a value for Patricia\u2019s pension, he started with the monthly annuity, then based on the retirement date (which for Patricia would be March 2009 based on a retirement age of 60) he would \u201crun a stream of payments\u201d from the retirement date until the end of the life-expectancy factor. In this case, Hagerman said that it consisted of a series of monthly payments of $1,005.15. Hagerman said he took this stream and used an interest rate to \u201cbring that number back into today\u2019s dollars, which is the present value.\u201d The reason for this is that the number is not a sum of the projected monthly annuity, but instead it is based upon an assumed interest rate. Hagerman said that another way of explaining the process was that it is the amount of dollars it would take today invested over the period of her life expectancy to earn interest at an assumed rate that would result in the total sum, including principal and interest, to make that series of monthly payments.\nHagerman testified that he did not take into account any survivor benefit when calculating the projected value of Patricia\u2019s pension. Hagerman agreed that if there were an additional benefit for a surviving spouse included in Patricia\u2019s pension, it would increase substantially in value. Hagerman also acknowledged that there were other options to increase the pension, which included buying back time taken on maternity leave or while substitute teaching.\nHagerman said that the assumed 5.3% interest rate he used in his calculation was based on a 30-year treasury rate as of June 30, 2004. Hagerman said that he believed that this long-term rate was the appropriate rate to use for the period of Patricia\u2019s life expectancy. Robin entered Hagerman\u2019s estimate of the present net value of Patricia\u2019s pension as of June 30, 2004, as respondent\u2019s exhibit No. 1. In that document, Hagerman calculated the net value of Patricia\u2019s pension to be $161,199. Hagerman considered this to be the marital portion of her annuity since it was confined to the time Patricia worked as a teacher during her marriage to Robin. Hagerman also explained that, should Patricia die before the estimated life-expectancy date, she would not realize the full value of her annuity. Also, if she were to live past that date, she would realize more than the projected value.\nHagerman then testified that joint exhibit No. 7 was a notice of first payment by TRS to Robin. This document indicated that Robin\u2019s gross monthly benefit was $3,562.58. Hagerman testified that Robin\u2019s pension was in pay status, which meant the amount represented on the exhibit was the actual amount he receives, not an estimate.\nHagerman said that after January 1, 2010, the monthly gross amount of Robin\u2019s pension would increase to $4,159.38. Hagerman was unsure why Robin\u2019s pension would not increase every year by 3% like Patricia\u2019s would, but that TRS\u2019s information did not grant Robin\u2019s first 3% increase until 2010. However, after 2010, Robin\u2019s would also increase 3% annually. Hagerman\u2019s personal calculation of Robin\u2019s pension was entered as respondent\u2019s exhibit No. 3. Hagerman used the exact same computations to gain a present value of Robin\u2019s pension as he did to attain the value of Patricia\u2019s. The only difference was that Robin\u2019s life expectancy was estimated to be four years shorter than Patricia\u2019s. Hagerman testified that this would affect the present value of the pensions such that if a portion of Patricia\u2019s were to be assigned to Robin, it would actually be worth less because of his shorter life expectancy.\nHagerman also testified that the TRS estimate of Robin\u2019s pension on June 30, 2003, before he retired, was considerably less than what he actually received upon retirement. The estimate at that time was $3,086.54, when he actually received $3,562.58. Hagerman testified that Patricia\u2019s pension would also increase due to added years of service and salary increases after June 30, 2004. Hagerman then testified to respondent\u2019s exhibit No. 12. Robin\u2019s attorney explained that exhibit No. 12 was a demonstrative exhibit to show what the historical increases in salary have been and projecting them forward at the same percentage through 2009, Patricia\u2019s expected retirement date. Patricia\u2019s attorney objected, stating that Patricia\u2019s contract expired in 2005 and any increases in salary were speculative. In the new estimate, Hagerman applied a service credit of 18.468 years. The result was an estimate of $1,344.57 for the marital portion of Patricia\u2019s pension.\nOn July 21, 2004, the trial court issued its memorandum of decision. The court found that Robin\u2019s $4,000 check to Isom for rent was a legitimate living expense and did not constitute dissipation of marital assets. The court found that Patricia had failed to present a prima facie case for dissipation regarding the ATM withdrawals and the withdrawals from the savings account made by Robin during the couple\u2019s separation. The court believed Robin\u2019s testimony that these withdrawals were used for regular living expenses. However, the court did find that Robin had dissipated marital assets in the form of gifts to Isom, Isom\u2019s use of Robin\u2019s gas card, Robin\u2019s brother\u2019s use of Robin\u2019s gas card, and trips with Isom to Colorado, Atlanta, Indianapolis, and Kansas City. Including the costs of meals and hotels, the court found Robin owed $2,374.05 to the marital estate. Regarding the trips, the trial court found that half the expenses incurred on the trips were dissipation since Robin was going to visit his family and it could be inferred he would have made these trips regardless but Isom would not.\nThe trial court divided the assets as follows:\nThe trial court reserved jurisdiction on both Robin\u2019s and Patricia\u2019s TRS pensions. The court stated that it intended to divide the pensions upon Patricia\u2019s retirement using the formula articulated by the court in In re Marriage of Wisniewski, 286 Ill. App. 3d 236, 675 N.E.2d 1362 (1997).\nThe order stated:\n\u201c[Patricia\u2019s] TRS plan will be divided by a Qualified Illinois Domestic Relations Order [(QILDRO)] in accordance with the proportionality rule propounded in Marriage of Wisniewski, 286 Ill. App. 3d 236, 243, 675 N.E.2d 1362, 1368, (1997), requiring payment of 50% of the marital portion of the then current and all future benefits, including post[ ]dissolution increases, to [Robin], The marital portion of her plan shall be determined by multiplying the benefit by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of whole months from the date of the marriage of the parties through the date of this [ojrder and the denominator of which shall be the number of whole months from the date of the marriage of the parties through the commencement of pay status of her plan.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nPending Patricia\u2019s retirement, the trial court ordered Robin to pay Patricia $1,000 per month in maintenance. The court found that the attorney fees of each party were approximately the same and, in conformance with its intention to divide the marital property 50-50, ordered the parties to pay their own attorney fees.\nOn August 18, 2005, Patricia filed a motion for reconsideration alleging that the trial court erred in retaining jurisdiction over the parties\u2019 pensions. Patricia argued that the court failed to state findings as to why immediate allocation of both pensions was inappropriate. Patricia argued that by not allocating Robin\u2019s pension, the court left undetermined how the payments Robin received between July 2004 and Patricia\u2019s retirement would be treated. Patricia argued that while Robin was given the opportunity to invest and create wealth with the current payments, she was deprived of this opportunity. Patricia argued that half of Robin\u2019s monthly pension payment should be allocated to her retroactive to July 2004 and, upon her retirement, half of her pension be allocated to Robin less the percentage of the pension attributable to Patricia\u2019s nonmarital effort.\nOn March 13, 2006, the trial court entered an amended judgment of dissolution of marriage. The court\u2019s order, in addition to the earlier findings in its memorandum decision that remained unchanged, ordered Robin to pay Patricia $12,117.73 to equitably divide the paid and unpaid attorney fees. The court found that the attorney fees already paid by both parties constituted dissipation of marital assets and that the unpaid fees were marital debt.\nWith respect to the TRS pensions, the trial court found (1) both plans were fully vested and entirely marital property; (2) Patricia\u2019s pension is not in pay status and \u201csignificant actuarial uncertainties\u201d set forth in the record make determination of present value for her plan \u201cspeculative and uncertain\u201d; (3) Robin\u2019s pension is in pay status and \u201csignificant actuarial uncertainties\u201d set forth in the record make determination of a present value for his plan \u201cspeculative and uncertain\u201d; (4) actuarial uncertainties preclude treating the plans as equivalents for the purpose of offsetting the value of one plan against the other; (5) there are insufficient marital assets to fully offset the value of Robin\u2019s plan to allow him to retain his entire plan; (6) there are insufficient marital assets to fully offset the value of Patricia\u2019s plan to allow her to retain her entire plan; and (7) reserving jurisdiction until Patricia\u2019s plan is in pay status will enable the court to equitably divide both plans.\nWith regard to both Patricia\u2019s and Robin\u2019s TRS plans, the court found, \u201cThe plan[s] [have] value only as a stream of future, monthly income payments, the amount and commencement of which is uncertain.\u201d\nRobin filed a motion for modification of the court\u2019s allocation of attorney fees. On May 2, 2006, the trial court denied Robin\u2019s motion for modification in its entirety.\nThis appeal followed.\nII. ANALYSIS\nA. The Trial Court Erred in Reserving Jurisdiction Over Robin\u2019s TRS Pension\nOn appeal, Patricia argues that the trial court\u2019s reservation of jurisdiction over Robin\u2019s matured and vested pension was an abuse of discretion. Patricia argues that not receiving her share of the funds from Robin\u2019s pension deprives her of the ability to invest her share of the pension and create wealth.\n\u201cThis court will not reverse the trial court\u2019s choice of an apportionment method absent an abuse of discretion.\u201d Wisniewski, 286 Ill. App. 3d at 243, 675 N.E.2d at 1368. The trial court stated its intention was to divide the property equally between the parties. However, it reserved jurisdiction over the parties\u2019 pensions, which comprises a bulk of the marital assets. The court stated that it intended to reserve jurisdiction until the time of Patricia\u2019s retirement. However, Patricia\u2019s retirement date was uncertain. At the time of the hearing she was 56 years old and had no present plan to retire.\nBy reserving jurisdiction over both parties\u2019 pensions, the trial court created an undesirable situation in which this dissolution proceeding would linger for years before apportionment applied. See Wisniewski, 286 Ill. App. 3d at 243, 675 N.E.2d at 1367 (\u201cDisputes such as this one should not be allowed to linger for over a decade\u201d). \u201cFinality, both to avoid future court intervention and to allow the parties to plan their futures with some certainty, is also a goal to be achieved by the allocation and division of property.\u201d In re Marriage of Moll, 232 Ill. App. 3d 746, 757, 597 N.E.2d 1230, 1237 (1992).\nThe reserved-jurisdiction approach was not appropriate in this case when Robin\u2019s pension had matured and was in pay status. In Wisniewski, 286 Ill. App. 3d at 241, 675 N.E.2d at 1366, this court held that when it is too difficult to assign a present value to the marital interest in the pension or when the \u201ccash-out\u201d approach is otherwise an impractical solution, the court may reserve jurisdiction. \u201cUnder such an approach, the court does not immediately compensate the nonpensioner spouse. Instead, it orders that the employee spouse pay the nonemployee spouse his or her portion of the marital share \u2018if, as, and when\u2019 the pension plan becomes mature.\u201d Wisniewski, 286 Ill. App. 3d at 241, 675 N.E.2d at 1366, quoting In re Marriage of Hunt, 78 Ill. App. 3d 653, 663, 397 N.E.2d 511, 519 (1979).\nThe reserved-jurisdiction approach should be used in \u201csituations where the amount of the retirement benefits which will actually be paid out cannot be calculated with any certainty at the time of dissolution of the marriage.\u201d In re Marriage of Whiting, 179 Ill. App. 3d 187, 191, 534 N.E.2d 468, 471 (1989). The reason for reserving jurisdiction is to avoid speculation about the future stream of pension payments. Whiting, 179 Ill. App. 3d at 191, 534 N.E.2d at 471.\nThere is no question in this case if and when Robin\u2019s pension will mature. He was receiving, and continues to receive, monthly pension payments. Moreover, Robin cites no authority supporting his position that the trial court may properly reserve jurisdiction over his matured pension.\nThe trial court did provide for the method of apportionment of Robin\u2019s and Patricia\u2019s pensions. The court would divide Robin\u2019s pension by the QILDRO requiring 50% of the then-current and future benefits, including postdissolution increases, to be paid to Patricia. The court would also divide Patricia\u2019s pension by the QILDRO in accordance with the proportionality rule set forth in Wisniewski. Wisniewski, 286 Ill. App. 3d at 240-43, 675 N.E.2d at 1366-68. However, the fact that Patricia\u2019s pension had not yet matured did not prevent the court from being able to apply the formula to equitably divide Robin\u2019s pension. The trial court heard expert testimony regarding the present value and projected future value of her pension. The court could choose to offset that value now and perhaps modify the judgment if the payout is larger or smaller than the expert\u2019s projections when Patricia\u2019s pension matures and goes into pay status.\nExpert testimony established an approximate value of Patricia\u2019s plan. Robin\u2019s plan was already in pay status and the value was known with only the inherent uncertainties of life expectancy in question. The trial court concluded:\n\u201c[T]he actuarial uncertainties of valuing the defined benefit TRS pension plans of the parties and given that different uncertainties apply to valuation of each plan, the [c]ourt finds it is not equitable or actuarially possible to treat the plans as equivalents for the purpose of offsetting the value of one plan against the other to effect a division of these two items of marital property.\u201d\nThe trial court\u2019s characterization of Robin\u2019s pension as \u201cuncertain\u201d is contrary to case law. \u201cThe value of the retirement benefits is determined simply by how much is actually paid out.\u201d Whiting, 179 Ill. App. 3d at 191, 534 N.E.2d at 471; see also In re Marriage of Ramsey, 339 Ill. App. 3d 752, 760, 792 N.E.2d 337, 344 (2003) (\u201cMlthough the reserved-jurisdiction method is not the only acceptable way to value a pension, when it is used, the amount divided is the amount actually received\u201d). Since Robin\u2019s pension is being paid out, the value of the benefit is easily ascertainable. Robin\u2019s benefit is wholly marital too, which makes apportioning the value of the benefit even easier since the entire pension is marital property. The trial court seems to have assumed that it could not treat the pensions separately. However, by retaining jurisdiction over only Patricia\u2019s pension, the court does not deprive either party of the marital portion of that benefit. Patricia receives nothing from her pension now, nor does Robin. Contrarily, Robin is receiving a benefit from his pension now and Patricia is receiving nothing.\nThe trial court could have also used the \u201ccash-out\u201d approach to determine the present value of the marital portion of Patricia\u2019s pension and offset that with marital property, thereby compensating Robin for awarding Patricia her entire benefit. Either approach would have been an equitable division of the assets by the trial court.\nBy reserving jurisdiction, however, the trial court has deprived Patricia of the time-value of her portion of Robin\u2019s pension. In other words, Patricia does not have the ability to invest her portion of Robin\u2019s pension now in order to accumulate wealth for later. In Wisniewski, the supreme court held that \u201cIllinois law has long recognized the time value of money.\u201d Wisniewski, 286 Ill. App. 3d at 244, 675 N.E.2d at 1369. Granted, the issue in Wisniewski was whether the earlier marital contributions to a pension entitled the nonpensioner spouse to reap the benefits of the accrued interest in that money over time. However, the principle is the same. Patricia\u2019s present inability to invest her portion of Robin\u2019s pension works to her financial detriment. Therefore, the trial court\u2019s failure to divide Robin\u2019s matured pension, which was in pay status and continues to be in pay status, was an abuse of discretion. On remand, we direct the trial court to divide Robin\u2019s pension according to the QILDRO. Because Robin\u2019s pension is entirely marital, Patricia is entitled to 50% of the monthly payments. Patricia should also receive her portion of the payments Robin received since the date of judgment, less the $1,000 maintenance award.\nWith regard to Patricia\u2019s pension, we affirm the reservation of jurisdiction over Patricia\u2019s plan, which is not yet in pay status. We also affirm the trial court\u2019s order directing Patricia\u2019s pension to be allocated using the QILDRO and the formula used in Wisniewski to determine the marital portion of Patricia\u2019s pension belonging to Robin. However, we note that the trial court erred in its description of the formula used in Wisniewski. The order states:\n\u201c[Patricia\u2019s] TRS plan will be divided by a [QILDRO] in accordance with the proportionality rule propounded in [Wisniewski] requiring payment of 50% of the marital portion of the then[-] current and all future benefits, including post[ ]dissolution increases, to [Robin]. The marital portion of her plan shall be determined by multiplying the benefit by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of whole months from the date of the marriage of the parties through the date of this [ojrder and the denominator of which shall be the number of whole months from the date of the marriage of the parties through the commencement of pay status of her plan.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nHowever, the proportionality rule in Wisniewski takes the total monthly payout of the pension and determines the marital portion to be the number of years of marriage that the pensioner spouse participated in the plan as the numerator, and the total years of service as the denominator. The trial court then multiplies these two numbers to obtain the marital interest in each monthly payment. Finally, the court multiplies that number by .50 to obtain the nonpensioner spouse\u2019s share (before taxes). This is the formula that should be applied to determine Robin\u2019s portion of Patricia\u2019s monthly pension payments. Therefore, we reverse the trial court\u2019s description of the Wisniewski formula to the extent it varies from the actual formula enunciated in Wisniewski.\nB. Trial Court\u2019s Conclusions on Dissipation of Marital Assets Was Not Against the Manifest Weight of the Evidence\nPatricia argues that the trial court erred in finding that Robin\u2019s $4,000 payment to Isom for rent was not dissipation of marital assets. Patricia also argues that Robin dissipated marital funds by paying an additional $400 per month in rent payments that totaled $2,400 to Isom, $8,450 in withdrawals from the marital checking account, and $3,500 in withdrawals from the marital savings account. Patricia claims that Robin failed to est\u00e1blish how these funds were spent for marital purposes or reasonable living expenses. Patricia argues that these expenditures were made by Robin at a time when the marriage was suffering from an irretrievable breakdown and the parties were not living together.\nBecause determinations regarding dissipation of marital assets are factual, the trial court\u2019s decision will not be reversed unless it is against the manifest weight of the evidence. In re Marriage of Vancura, 356 Ill. App. 3d 200, 205, 825 N.E.2d 345, 349 (2005).\nPatricia argues that the fact that the initial $4,000 check for rent paid to Isom was written 10 months after Robin had moved into Isom\u2019s home indicates it was not a necessary living expense. In its memorandum decision, the trial court found that Robin had dissipated $2,374.05 from marital accounts. It found that half the expenses incurred by Robin when he took Isom on trips were dissipation. In regard to the rent payments, the court found that rent is a legitimate living expense and did not constitute dissipation. See In re Marriage of Hagshenas, 234 Ill. App. 3d 178, 197, 600 N.E.2d 437, 451 (1992). The court held that the fact that the rent was paid to Robin\u2019s paramour did not mandate a finding of dissipation. The nature of the payment being one lump sum does not render the trial court\u2019s finding contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence. Rent is a legitimate living expense. Whether the $4,000 check in this case constituted rent was an issue for the trial court to resolve. In light of the evidence that Robin\u2019s rent was based on comparable housing in the area and the fact that Robin attested to paying his parents rent for the months he lived with them, the trial court\u2019s finding is not without support in the record.\nWith regard to the ATM withdrawals, the trial court found that Patricia had listed the amounts Robin withdrew and claimed that it is Robin\u2019s burden to prove how the funds were spent. The court held that \u201c[i]t is more equitable to require a preliminary showing of dissipation before the burden shifts to the party charged with dissipation to refute the accusations.\u201d The court cited In re Marriage of Murphy, 259 Ill. App. 3d 336, 339, 631 N.E.2d 893, 895 (1994). However, once a prima facie case for dissipation has been made, the burden shifts to the party charged with dissipation to prove by clear and specific evidence how the funds were spent. In re Marriage of Jerome, 255 Ill. App. 3d 374, 394, 625 N.E.2d 1195, 1210 (1994). At trial, Robin presented receipts that he claimed were a \u201crepresentative sample\u201d of his expenditures. He did not have documentation to support every withdrawal. The court found that Patricia had failed to establish a prima facie case for dissipation. The court held that Robin testified to his routine use of the ATM and savings account and the court believed Robin\u2019s testimony that the money was used for regular living expenses.\nThe trier of fact is charged with assessing the credibility of testimony at trial. In re Marriage of Murphy, 359 Ill. App. 3d 289, 302, 834 N.E.2d 56, 67 (2005). A reviewing court will defer to the trial court\u2019s findings because the trial court, \u201cby virtue of its ability to actually observe the conduct and demeanor of witnesses, is in the best position to assess their credibility.\u201d In re Commitment of Sandry, 367 Ill. App. 3d 949, 980, 857 N.E.2d 295, 319 (2006).\nThe trial court emphasized that it \u201cbelieved\u201d Robin\u2019s testimony regarding the withdrawals from the ATM and savings account. Even if it found that Patricia had made a prima facie case for dissipation, the court clearly believed Robin\u2019s testimony that the funds were used for legitimate living expenses. \u201cOn appeal, a reviewing court will take questions of witness credibility as resolved in favor of the prevailing party and must draw from the evidence all reasonable inferences that support the judgment.\u201d Flynn v. Henkel, 369 Ill. App. 3d 328, 333, 859 N.E.2d 1063, 1067 (2006). Therefore, we defer to the trial court\u2019s finding of credibility and affirm the court\u2019s finding that Robin\u2019s use of marital funds for rent and living expenses was reasonable and did not constitute dissipation.\nC. The Trial Court\u2019s Treatment of Attorney Fees Was Proper\nRobin argues that the trial court erred in implementing its plan to divide the attorney fees equally between the parties. This court will reverse a trial court\u2019s decision regarding the division of marital assets only if it finds the trial court abused its discretion. In re Marriage of Suriano, 324 Ill. App. 3d 839, 846, 756 N.E.2d 382, 388 (2001).\nDuring the hearing on Robin\u2019s motion to reconsider, the trial court said:\n\u201cI think the attorney[-]fee adjustment and the allocation is an extremely interesting issue that should be decided by the appellate court. So[,] I am not going to grant the [m]otion for [m]edification, so each side can appeal and get this thing resolved.\u201d\nThe trial court found that Robin incurred $23,652.04 in attorney fees and costs during the course of the litigation and paid $23,414.54 from marital funds. That left an unpaid balance of $237.50. Patricia incurred $34,130.68 in attorney fees and costs and paid from marital funds $4,797.40. This left an unpaid balance of $30,332.78. In its memorandum decision, the trial court stated that the parties\u2019 attorney fees were approximately equal. The memorandum decision stated, \u201cIt is the intent of the court to reach a 50/50 division of assets.\u201d The court directed each party pay his/her own attorney fees \u201c [considering the value of the assets and a 50/50 division.\u201d\nRobin argues the trial court made a mathematical error when it considered the paid attorney fees as dissipation of marital assets and allocated the unpaid attorney fees as marital debt. Robin argues, \u201cThe trial [cjourt clearly intended that the parties share these fees equally.\u201d However, the trial court\u2019s order did not say that its intent was to divide the fees equally. The memorandum decision clearly states its \u201cintent\u201d was to divide the assets equally. Robin argues that \u201cby treating the paid fees as dissipation without also recognizing them as marital debt, the trial [cjourt mistakenly required Robin to pay more than one-half of the total fees incurred.\u201d The trial court\u2019s memorandum decision, entered before full disclosure of each party\u2019s attorney fees, did not, however, state that the court intended each party to pay one-half of the fees incurred; it stated its intent was to divide the assets equally.\nContrary to Robin\u2019s argument, the trial court did not make a mathematical error when it ordered Robin to pay Patricia $9,308.32 for his net dissipation of marital funds.\nTogether, Patricia and Robin paid $28,211.94 in marital funds on attorney fees. Patricia paid $4,797.40 and Robin paid $23,414.54. The court subtracted the amount Patricia paid from what Robin paid to find the difference between Robin\u2019s and Patricia\u2019s. That amount was $18,617.14. The trial court divided this amount in half as half the marital funds belonged to Robin, $9,308.32. Therefore, Robin owed Patricia $9,308.32 in funds that would have been rightfully hers had no dissipation occurred. Effectively, each party\u2019s apportionment of the total marital estate is increased by $9,308.32. However, Robin has already used his portion of the funds. If Robin had not used the money to pay his attorney, the debt would increase by $18,617.14 and the parties would divide that equally; however, there would be $18,617.14 more in the marital estate to divide. Therefore, the outcome would have been the same.\nThe trial court did not abuse its discretion by allocating the remaining debt between the parties and ordering Robin to reimburse the marital estate for $9,308.32, representing half the funds he used from the marital account to pay his attorney prior to the final allocation of the marital property.\nD. The Trial Court\u2019s Award of Maintenance Was Not an Abuse of Discretion but May Be Reconsidered on Remand\nThe trial court indicated that the $1,000 monthly maintenance award to Patricia accounted for the court\u2019s reservation of jurisdiction of Robin\u2019s pension. Robin does not contest this award of maintenance, but he argues that if this court remands or reverses any portion of the property division, including the TRS pension plans, the maintenance award should be reevaluated by the trial court as well. Patricia argues that in addition to one-half Robin\u2019s TRS pension, she should also receive maintenance under the factors set forth in section 504 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act. 750 ILCS 5/504(a) (West 2004). Specifically, Patricia cites her greater need, Robin\u2019s greater earning capacity, the impairment of her present and future earning capacity due to her devoting time to domestic duties and having foregone employment or career opportunities due to marriage, the standard of living during the marriage, and the duration of the marriage.\nA reviewing court will not overturn a trial court\u2019s award of maintenance absent a finding that either the trial court abused its discretion or that the award of maintenance was against the manifest weight of the evidence. In re Marriage of Harlow, 251 Ill. App. 3d 152, 156, 621 N.E.2d 929, 933 (1993) (\u201cThe award of maintenance to a spouse is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court, and on appeal, we will not reverse its decision unless it constitutes an abuse of discretion or is against the manifest weight of the evidence\u201d (emphasis added)). Section 504(a)(1) lists \u201cthe income and property of each party, including marital property apportioned and non[ jmarital property assigned to the party seeking maintenance\u201d as a factor courts should consider when determining whether, and how much, maintenance to order one spouse pay the other spouse. 750 ILCS 5/504(a)(1) (West 2004). The trial court properly waited until after it divided the assets to award maintenance in this case. See 750 ILCS 5/504(a)(1) (West 2004).\nThe trial court did not abuse its discretion when it ordered Robin to pay Patricia $1,000 monthly maintenance award. The trial court\u2019s comments in this case indicate the $1,000 award of maintenance to Patricia was intended to compensate her for the trial court\u2019s decision to reserve jurisdiction on Robin\u2019s pension. In light of our foregoing findings that the decision to reserve jurisdiction over Robin\u2019s pension was incorrect, the trail court\u2019s maintenance award is vacated. After the division of Robin\u2019s pension, the trial court should reevaluate whether maintenance should be awarded using the factors set forth in section 504. We note courts may consider several factors under section 504 when awarding maintenance, and our holding here is limited to the extent that after the allocation of Robin\u2019s pension, the court should reevaluate its award in light of the statutory factors.\nIII. CONCLUSION\nTherefore, for the foregoing reasons, we reverse the trial court\u2019s reservation of jurisdiction over Robin\u2019s pension and remand for apportionment of this marital property, affirm the trial court\u2019s findings with regard to dissipation and attorney fees, and vacate the order of maintenance. We otherwise affirm.\nAffirmed in part, reversed in part, and vacated in part; cause remanded with directions.\nSTEIGMANN, PJ., and APPLETON, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "JUSTICE MYERSCOUGH" } ], "attorneys": [ "Maria M. Gonzalez, of Rammelkamp Bradney, EC., of Jacksonville, for appellant.", "Theodore C. Rammelkamp, Jr., of Law Office of Teddy Rammelkamp, of Jacksonville, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "In re MARRIAGE OF ROBIN C. MANKER, Petitioner-Appellee and Cross-Appellant, and PATRICIA J. MANKER, Respondent-Appellant and Cross-Appellee.\nFourth District\nNo. 4-06-0439\nOpinion filed June 11, 2007.\nMaria M. Gonzalez, of Rammelkamp Bradney, EC., of Jacksonville, for appellant.\nTheodore C. Rammelkamp, Jr., of Law Office of Teddy Rammelkamp, of Jacksonville, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0465-01", "first_page_order": 481, "last_page_order": 496 }