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  "name": "NICOR GAS COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant and Cross-Appellee, v. THE VILLAGE OF WILMETTE, Defendant-Appellee and Cross-Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "Nicor Gas Co. v. Village of Wilmette",
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    "parties": [
      "NICOR GAS COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant and Cross-Appellee, v. THE VILLAGE OF WILMETTE, Defendant-Appellee and Cross-Appellant."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "PRESIDING JUSTICE FITZGERALD SMITH\ndelivered the opinion of the court:\nPlaintiff Nicor Gas Company appeals from the dismissal with prejudice, pursuant to section 2 \u2014 615 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 615 (West 2006)), of its second amended complaint in its action for negligence against defendant Village of Wilmette (Village). The Village has filed a cross-appeal from the denial of its motion to dismiss pursuant to section 2 \u2014 619 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2 \u2014 619 (West 2006)), which was based on assertions concerning tort immunity. We have no jurisdiction to consider the Village\u2019s cross-appeal, but we affirm the section 2 \u2014 615 dismissal of Nicor\u2019s second amended complaint.\nAccording to allegations in Nicor\u2019s second amended complaint, the Village maintained and operated, at all times relevant, a subterranean water system that includes an underground water main pipe under the intersection of Poplar, 10th and Gregory Streets, and on January 10, 2003, a broken subterranean water main near that intersection caused a puncture in Nicor\u2019s gas main. Thousands of tons of water from the Village\u2019s subterranean water system were forced into the punctured Nicor gas main, allegedly damaging not only the property of Nicor and its customers, but also causing natural gas outages to Wilmette and Evanston residents within an approximately 10-mile radius.\nIn 2004, Nicor first filed a two-count action for property damage against the Village in which Nicor alleged negligence and sought recovery under a theory of res ipsa loquitur. Shortly thereafter, the Village filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to sections 2 \u2014 615 and 2 \u2014 619 of the Code. Specifically, in the portion of the motion brought under section 2 \u2014 619, the Village asserted that it was immune from liability because \u201cinspecting, monitoring and replacing water mains are discretionary actions subject to immunity\u201d under section 2 \u2014 201 of the Local Governmental and Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act (Act), and that it was immune from liability under section 3 \u2014 102 of the same. See 745 ILCS 10/2 \u2014 201, 3 \u2014 102 (West 2006). The court granted the Village\u2019s motion to dismiss with prejudice pursuant to section 2 \u2014 615 as to the allegations of negligence and res ipsa loquitur, finding there was no duty owed by the Village. The court also found the Village did not meet its burden under section 2 \u2014 201 of the Act and had failed to establish that immunity applies.\nIn 2005, Nicor filed an amended complaint again raising negligence and res ipsa loquitur. The Village later filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to section 2 \u2014 619 of the Code. That motion was denied on October 26, 2005.\nIn 2006, Nicor filed its second amended complaint, again including counts for negligence (i.e., negligent maintenance of the water pipes and operation of the water distribution system by the Village) and res ipsa loquitur and adding counts for breach of contract and intentional trespass. In its breach of contract claim, Nicor alleged that the contract with the Village was formed when the Village passed Ordinance No. 94 \u2014 0\u201466 (Village of Wilmette Ordinance No. 94 \u2014 0\u201466 (approved October 11, 1994)), granting it a 50-year easement (beginning in 1994) to place, maintain and operate its gas pipes under the streets of Wilmette, in consideration for which Nicor would provide gas for use by the Village. Nicor further alleged that the easement includes a right of quiet enjoyment as an implied term of the contract. Finally, Nicor alleged that the January 2003 leak of the Village\u2019s water main constituted an act of intentional trespass onto Nicor\u2019s property.\nAlso in 2006, the Village filed a complaint against Nicor in the municipal division of the circuit court, alleging that Nicor negligently punctured one of the Village\u2019s water mains. Nicor subsequently moved to consolidate the cases, but its motion was denied.\nThe Village filed a motion to dismiss Nicor\u2019s second amended complaint pursuant to section 2 \u2014 615 of the Code in which it alleged that Nicor could not recover any damages for the Village\u2019s alleged \u201cmisconduct\u201d because its contract with Nicor included a provision indemnifying it for any damages resulting from Nicor\u2019s occupation of the easement. Based on that provision, the Village also alleged that Nicor\u2019s recovery on any of the counts alleged was barred.\nOn November 1, 2006, the court granted the Village\u2019s section 2 \u2014 615 motion to dismiss Nicor\u2019s second amended complaint. Nicor subsequently filed a motion to reconsider, which the court denied on March 14, 2007. Nicor timely filed an appeal from the orders of November 1, 2006, and March 14, 2007.\nThe Village subsequently filed a cross-appeal from the court\u2019s October 26, 2005, order denying its section 2 \u2014 619 motion to dismiss Nicor\u2019s amended complaint.\nAt this juncture, we note that Nicor has filed a motion in this court, which was taken with the case, to strike portions of the Village\u2019s brief.\nIn its motion, Nicor asks this court to strike, pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 361 (177 Ill. 2d R. 361), the portions of the Village\u2019s response brief relating to: (1) the Village\u2019s section 2 \u2014 619 motion to dismiss Nicor\u2019s amended complaint; (2) the Village\u2019s factual statements drawn from sources other than Nicor\u2019s second amended complaint; and (3) \u201cany arguments improperly made\u201d by the Village in its statement of facts.\nAs to its first point, Nicor points out that its amended complaint was superseded by its second amended complaint and it asks that the arguments pertaining to the Village\u2019s section 2 \u2014 619 motion to dismiss be stricken because they are no longer part of the record and are irrelevant to the current appeal. While Nicor correctly states that its amended complaint has been superseded by its second amended complaint (see, e.g., Vincent v. Williams, 279 Ill. App. 3d 1, 6-7, 664 N.E.2d 650 (1996)), the Village\u2019s cross-appeal must be dismissed because we lack jurisdiction to consider it. The order from which the Village purports to appeal was entered on October 26, 2005, yet the Village filed its notice of appeal only in April 2007. Thus, the Village\u2019s notice of appeal was not timely filed. See 155 Ill. 2d R. 303(a)(1) (requiring notice of appeal to be filed within 30 days after entry of final order). Moreover, the denial of the Village\u2019s motion was not a final order and, thus, it would not have been appealable in any event. See 155 Ill. 2d R. 303(a)(1). Accordingly, because we do not have jurisdiction to hear the Village\u2019s cross-appeal, we do not consider the portions of the Village\u2019s response brief relating to the appeal of the denial of its section 2 \u2014 619 motion to dismiss Nicor\u2019s amended complaint.\nIn its motion, Nicor next contends that certain pages in the Village\u2019s statement of facts should be stricken because they are drawn from affidavits that were part of the Village\u2019s section 2 \u2014 619 motion to dismiss but that are not included on the face of the second amended complaint. Specifically, Nicor objects to pages 4 through 8 of the Village\u2019s response brief which contain facts drawn from affidavits of three individuals, Brad Enright, Brigitte Mayerhofer, and Ray Ames. Nicor contends that the same pages, 4 through 8, of the response brief should also be stricken as violative of Supreme Court Rule 341 because they are argumentative. See 188 Ill. 2d R. 341(e)(6).\nNicor correctly states that the standard of review of a dismissal pursuant to section 2 \u2014 615 (as well as pursuant to section 2 \u2014 619) of the Code is de novo, making the Village\u2019s attempt to present an additional factual basis for its position irrelevant. See Neppl v. Murphy, 316 Ill. App. 3d 581, 583-84, 736 N.E.2d 1174 (2000). Nicor also correctly states that Rule 341 prohibits argument or comment in the statement of facts. See 188 Ill. 2d R. 341(e)(6). However, we need not strike the pages of the Village\u2019s brief designated by Nicor because neither the facts nor commentary contained therein plays a role in our disposition.\nOn appeal, Nicor first contends that the indemnification clause at issue does not indemnify the Village because the clause was not so clear, specific and unequivocal as to require indemnification of the Village for its own negligence.\nAs noted earlier, we review de novo the grant of a section 2 \u2014 615 motion to dismiss. See Neppl, 316 Ill. App. 3d at 583.\nIllinois law generally provides that contracts of indemnity against one\u2019s own negligence are valid and enforceable (Burlington Northern R.R. Co. v. Pawnee Motor Service, Inc., 171 Ill. App. 3d 1043, 1045, 525 N.E.2d 910 (1988)); such contracts are valid provided that the indemnitor\u2019s obligations are set forth in clear and explicit language. Burlington Northern R.R. Co., 171 Ill. App. 3d at 1045; see also Zadak v. Cannon, 59 Ill. 2d 118, 120, 319 N.E.2d 469 (1974); Tatar v. Maxon Construction Co., 54 Ill. 2d 64, 66-67, 294 N.E.2d 272 (1973).\nIndemnity agreements are contracts that are subject to general rules of contract interpretation. Buenz v. Frontline Transportation Co., 227 Ill. 2d 302, 308 (2008). As such, it is the parties\u2019 intent, as expressed in the contract language, that is paramount, and where the language is clear and unambiguous, it should be given its plain and ordinary meaning. Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 308.\nRecently, in Buenz, our supreme court again addressed whether indemnity agreements provide indemnification for an indemnitee\u2019s own negligence. See Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 308-17. There, the court recognized that parties to a contract could indemnify a person for that person\u2019s own negligence. Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 309. The Buenz court examined its earlier holding in Westinghouse Electric Elevator Co. v. LaSalle Monroe Building Corp., 395 Ill. 429, 70 N.E.2d 604 (1946), where, holding that the indemnity contract could not apply, it noted that an indemnity contract would not be construed as indemnifying one against one\u2019s own negligence \u201c \u2018unless such a construction is required by clear and explicit language of the contract [citations] or such intention is expressed in unequivocal terms.\u2019 \u201d (Emphasis added.) Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 309, quoting Westinghouse Electric, 395 Ill. at 433.\nThe court briefly noted other past decisions in which it reviewed contracts that were purported to indemnify an indemnitee for its own negligence, but concluded with an observation made earlier, that \u201cit \u2018serve[s] no useful purpose to attempt to analyze or reconcile the numerous cases interpreting indemnity clauses\u2019 since each individual case \u2018depends upon the particular language used and the factual setting of the case.\u2019 \u201d Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 310-11, quoting Zadak, 59 Ill. 2d at 121. The court then examined at length Karsner v. Lechters Illinois, Inc., 331 Ill. App. 3d 474, 771 N.E.2d 606 (2002), which the appellant (like Nicor here) placed reliance upon and it discussed whether the use of the phrase \u201cany and all\u201d in an indemnification provision was sufficient to indemnify an indemnitee for its own negligence. Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 311-14. The Buenz court criticized the decision in Karsner, where the contract contained no limiting language, and it concluded that the indemnitee there \u201cwas entitled to indemnification, even for its own negligence,\u201d but \u201c[t]his was not, however, the Karsner court\u2019s holding.\u201d Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 314. The court noted that, as in Karsner, there have been other cases where the inclusion of the phrase \u201cany and all\u201d within an indemnification clause was insufficient to indemnify an indemnitee for its own negligence, but in those instances, the indemnification agreements contained limiting language expressly restricting indemnification liability. Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 314 (discussing Blackshare v. Banfield, 367 Ill. App. 3d 1077, 857 N.E.2d 743 (2006), and Hankins v. Pekin Insurance Co., 305 Ill. App. 3d 1088, 713 N.E.2d 1244 (1999)).\nIn the discussion, the court clarified that, contrary to the appellant\u2019s assertion, neither Blackshare nor Hankins stood for \u201cthe proposition that the inclusion of the phrase \u2018any and all\u2019 within an indemnification clause is insufficient to indemnify an indemnitee for its own negligence.\u201d Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 315. Those cases, according to the Buenz court, \u201cmerely stand for the proposition that when an indemnity contract expressly limits itself to the negligence of the indemnitor, courts will not strain, simply because the contract also contains \u2018any and all\u2019 language, to read into that contract indemnification for an indemnitee\u2019s own negligence.\u201d Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 315-16.\nRather, the use of the phrase \u201cany and all\u201d must be read in the context of the entire contract to determine whether the particular contract does, in fact, provide indemnification for an indemnitee\u2019s own negligence. Buenz, 2027 Ill. 2d at 316. The employment of that phrase may indeed indicate that the parties intended an indemnitee be indemnified, even for the indemnitee\u2019s own negligence. Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 316; see also Economy Mechanical Industries, Inc. v. T.J. Higgins Co., 294 Ill. App. 3d 150, 155, 689 N.E.2d 199 (1997); Rios v. Field, 132 Ill. App. 2d 519, 522, 270 N.E.2d 98 (1971); Haynes v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 47 Ill. App. 2d 340, 343, 198 N.E.2d 548 (1964). To the extent that the analysis in Karsner was contrary, it was overruled. Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 317.\nIn the case before it, the court found the indemnification did not contain any limiting language and, thus, the express language \u201cclearly and explicitly provide[d] indemnification for [the indemnitee\u2019s] own negligence.\u201d Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 318. The agreement was \u201cvery broad and, considering its common unambiguous meaning, encompasses even claims which arise out of [the indemnitee\u2019s] negligence.\u201d Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 318.\nThe agreement in the instant case, set forth in Ordinance No. 94\u20140\u201466 (\u201cAn Ordinance Authorizing Northern Illinois Gas Company, Its Successors and Assigns, to Construct, Operate and Maintain a Gas Distribution System in and Through the Village of Wilmette, Illinois\u201d) is just as clear and unambiguous. Village of Wilmette Ordinance No. 94\u20140\u201466 (approved October 11, 1994). Section 4 of Ordinance No. 94 \u2014 0\u201466 provides:\n\u201cThe Grantee [i.e., Nicor] shall indemnify, become responsible for and forever save harmless the Municipality from any and all judgments, damages, decrees, costs and expenses, including attorneys\u2019 fees, which the Municipality may legally suffer or incur, or which may be legally obtained against the Municipality, for or by reason of the use and occupation of any Public Place in the Municipality by the Grantee pursuant to the terms of this ordinance or legally resulting from the exercise by the Grantee of any of the privileges herein granted.\u201d Village of Wilmette Ordinance No. 94 \u2014 0\u201466 (approved October 11, 1994).\nAs in Buenz, the use of the \u201cany and all\u201d language in the indemnification clause is not accompanied by any limiting language that would \u201csuggest that the indemnity provided is not intended to cover claims resulting from [the indemnitee\u2019s] own negligence.\u201d Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 318. Likewise, the indemnification clause here, as in Buenz, is very broad; the words \u201cany and all\u201d are all inclusive and do not limit the scope of the agreement. See Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 318. Under Buenz, we conclude that the express language of the parties\u2019 agreement clearly and explicitly provides indemnification for the Village\u2019s own negligence; that is, taken in their common and unambiguous meaning, the words used in the indemnification provision encompass even claims that arise out of the Village\u2019s negligence. See Buenz, 227 Ill. 2d at 318.\nFurther, we reject Nicor\u2019s argument that the indemnification provision must be found void under the Construction Contract Indemnification for Negligence Act (740 ILCS 35/1 (West 2006)). Rather, we agree with the Village that Nicor\u2019s sole authority for this proposition does not apply. See Modern Steel Treating Co. v. Liquid Carbonic Industrial/Medical Corp., 298 Ill. App. 3d 349, 353, 698 N.E.2d 710 (1998) (finding that parties\u2019 contract involved alteration and repair of furnace and building, for which city construction permits were obtained; thus, it was a construction contract). Here, because the indemnification provision unequivocally requires indemnification of the Village for its own negligence, all Nicor\u2019s claims against the Village are barred (see section 4 of Ordinance No. 94 \u2014 0\u201466: Village is held harmless from \u201cany and all judgments, damages, decrees, costs and expenses\u201d) and, therefore, the section 2 \u2014 615 motion to dismiss Nicor\u2019s second amended complaint was properly granted. Based on this disposition, we need not consider Nicor\u2019s arguments concerning its breach of contract or intentional trespass claims.\nAccordingly, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.\nAffirmed.\nGALLAGHER and O\u2019MARA FROSSARD, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "PRESIDING JUSTICE FITZGERALD SMITH"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Patrick G. Donnelly and Alexander M. Memmen, both of Riordan, Donnelly, Lipinski & McKee, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellant.",
      "James L. DeAno and Howard P. Levine, both of DeAno & Scarry, of Wheaton, for appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "NICOR GAS COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant and Cross-Appellee, v. THE VILLAGE OF WILMETTE, Defendant-Appellee and Cross-Appellant.\nFirst District (5th Division)\nNo. 1\u2014 7\u20141041\nOpinion filed February 29, 2008.\nPatrick G. Donnelly and Alexander M. Memmen, both of Riordan, Donnelly, Lipinski & McKee, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellant.\nJames L. DeAno and Howard P. Levine, both of DeAno & Scarry, of Wheaton, for appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0925-01",
  "first_page_order": 941,
  "last_page_order": 948
}
